Sonke sinezinsuku ezijabulisayo nezidabukisayo ekuphileni kwethu, akunjalo? Ngezinye izinsuku sihleka izinto ezincane kakhulu, kanti ngezinye izinsuku sizizwa sinesithukuthezi ngomhlaba wonke. Lokho kuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa awucabangi yini ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi le mizwa ifinyelela ezingeni lapho ungakwazi ukuyilawula? Okusho ukuthi, lapho kunenjabulo enkulu, idlula imingcele, futhi lapho kukhona usizi, ijula kakhulu kangangokuthi ayibekezeleleki. Uma lokhu kuthinta umsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke, ubudlelwano bakho, konke lokhu, khona-ke sidinga ukukhathazeka kancane ngalokhu. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo, okungukuthi, 'Ukuphazamiseka Kwemizwa'.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo?
Lesi yisimo sempilo yengqondo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi isimo sakho semizwa, noma 'imizwa', siyathinteka. Cabanga ngakho njengokushintsha okulawula imizwa yethu. Ngokuvamile, singakhuphula noma sehlise ivolumu. Kodwa esimweni sokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, lokhu kushintsha kulahlekelwa ukulawula, futhi noma ivolumu iya phezulu kakhulu (ujabule kakhulu/uyasebenza) noma yehle kakhulu (udabukile kakhulu/ungenzi lutho).
Lesi simo asiveli ngobusuku obubodwa. Ukuze udokotela asithole njengesimo sezokwelapha, lezi zimpawu kumele ziqhubeke amasonto amaningana noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngawe ukusebenza kahle emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke, njengomsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikole, kanye nobudlelwano bomndeni.
Ezimbili zezinkinga zemizwa ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwethu ukucindezeleka kanye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar disorder .
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkinga zemizwa?
Izimo eziningana ezinkulu zezokwelapha ziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba. Ake sibheke kafushane ngasinye.
- Ukucindezeleka kanye nezinhlobo zako
- Isifo se-Bipolar kanye nezinhlobo zaso
- Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwe-Dysphoric Sangaphambi Kokuya Esikhathini
- Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwesimo Sengqondo Esiphazamisayo
Manje ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ngazinye zalezi ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
1. Ukucindezeleka - umthwalo osindayo engqondweni
Ukucindezeleka, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Ukucindezeleka Kwezokwelapha", kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu sempilo yengqondo. Akusikho ukudabuka nje kuphela. Kubonakaliswa imizwa yokudabuka okukhulu, ukuphelelwa yithemba, nokulahlekelwa isithakazelo kunoma yini. Kuthinta nezinto ezifana nokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukudla, nokulala. Ukuze udokotela aqinisekise ukuthi ukucindezeleka, izimpawu kumele zibe khona okungenani amasonto amabili elandelana.
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucindezeleka:
- Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha:Lesi yisimo esingaba khona komama ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komntwana noma ngemva kwalokho. Zingaki izinguquko zamahomoni, zomzimba, ngokomzwelo, kwezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo ezenzeka empilweni kamama ngemva kokuthola umntwana? Lesi simo singaba khona uma ingcindezi ehambisana nalezi zinguquko ingabekezelelwa.
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Esiqhubekayo: Lesi isifo sokucindezeleka esingamahlalakhona esihlala okungenani iminyaka emibili. Izimpawu zingase zinciphe futhi zinciphe, kodwa zisekhona. Nakuba singesibi kakhulu njengesifo sokucindezeleka esikhulu, inkinga lapha ukuthi sihlala isikhathi eside.
- Isifo Sokuthinteka Kwezinkathi (i-SAD): Lesi yisimo sokucindezeleka esenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kuphela. Sivame emazweni anesimo sezulu esibandayo, esinemvula, nesimnyama ebusika. Ngisho naseSri Lanka, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bengenampilo futhi bedabukile ngesikhathi semvula eqhubekayo. Lo muzwa uyanyamalala lapho ilanga likhanya futhi isimo sezulu sithuthuka.
- Ukucindezeleka Okubangelwa Yingqondo: Lesi yisigameko sokucindezeleka okukhulu esinezimpawu zengqondo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ubone izinto abanye abangaziboni (imibono engekho) noma ukholelwe izinto ezingelona iqiniso (ukukhohlisa). Abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu yokucabanga ngokuzibulala.
2. Isifo Sokungezwani Kobuchopho - Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa
Lesi yisimo sengqondo sokuphila konke esibangela izinguquko ezinkulu emizweni, emandleni, emicabangweni nasekuziphatheni. Cabanga ngaso njengesandla sewashi esishintshashintsha sisuka kolunye uhlangothi siye kolunye. Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi ingqondo ngokuzumayo ingena esimweni sokusebenza ngokweqile nenjabulo (i-Mania noma i-Hypomania), bese ngokuzumayo ingena kolunye uhlangothi, okuwukucindezeleka okujulile (ukucindezeleka).
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi:
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okubangelwa Yi-Bipolar I: Laba bantu bake baba nesiqephu esisodwa esinzima sokuhlanya. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bamatasa kakhulu, abalali, bakhuluma kakhulu, futhi benza izinqumo ngokuphamazela. Lesi siqephu sokuhlanya sivame ukulandelwa yisiqephu esinzima sokucindezeleka.
- Isifo se-Bipolar II: Lolu uhlobo lwe-mania olungaba lukhuni kangako, olubizwa ngokuthi i-hypomania. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu banamandla amaningi futhi bangasebenza, kodwa aluguquguquki kancane. Kodwa-ke, aluphazamisi ngokuphelele impilo yansuku zonke njengase-Bipolar I. Le hypomania ilandelwa yisiqephu sokucindezeleka okukhulu.
- Isifo se-Cyclothymia: Laba bantu banokungazinzi kwemizwa okuqhubekayo okungenani iminyaka emibili. Okusho ukuthi, bavame ukushintsha phakathi kwezimpawu ezincane ze-hypomanic kanye nezimpawu ezincane zokucindezeleka.
Ezinye izinkinga zemizwa
- Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwe-Dysphoric Sangaphambi Kokuya Esikhathini (PMDD):Lesi yisimo esenzeka cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini kowesifazane. Sibi kakhulu kune-PMS evamile. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukucasuka okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokungalali, okuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqala kokuya esikhathini.
- Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwemizwa Esiphazamisayo (DMDD): Lesi yisimo esithinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Sibonakala ngokucasuka okukhulu, ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo njalo, kanye nokucasuka. Intukuthelo ivame ukungafaneleki kulesi simo. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10.
Okubalulekile: Ingabe Ukukhathazeka Kuyinkinga Yezimo Zengqondo?
Cha. Ukukhathazeka kuyisimo sengqondo esihlukile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezinkinga zemizwa bavame ukuba nokukhathazeka ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimo?
Izinkinga zemizwa zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu: izimpawu zokucindezeleka kanye nezimpawu ze-manic/hypomanic. Ake sibheke lezi ezimbili ngokwehlukana.
| Izimpawu zokucindezeleka | Izimpawu ze-Manic/Hypomanic |
|---|---|
| Njengokujwayelekile, ukuba lusizi cishe usuku lonke. | Ukuzizwa unamandla aphezulu kanye nenjabulo. |
| Ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi. | Ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. |
| Ukuzizwa ungelutho futhi ungenathemba. | Ukungahlaliseki, ukucasuka okusheshayo. |
| Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni owawuzijabulela. | Ukuziphatha okuyingozi (isib., ukusebenzisa imali eningi kakhulu, ukushayela budedengu). |
| Imicabango ngokufa noma ukuzibulala. | Imicabango yokugijima. |
| Naka, unenkinga yokunquma okuthile. | Ukungalali noma ukuncipha kwesidingo sokulala. |
| Kungalala kakhulu, noma ukungalali ngokwanele. | Bacabanga ukuthi banamandla akhethekile. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukudla ngokweqile. |
Kungani kwenzeka izimo ezinjengalezi?
Akukho sizathu esisodwa salokhu. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezinto ingaba yimbangela.
- Izici zebhayoloji: Izingxenye zobuchopho ezibizwa ngokuthi i-amygdala kanye ne-orbitofrontal cortex zinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokulawula imizwa yethu. Ukuskena kobuchopho kwabantu abanezinkinga zemizwa kubonise izinguquko kulezi zingxenye.
- Izici zofuzo: Uma othile emndenini wakho, njengabazali bakho noma izingane zakini, eke waba nalesi simo, usengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi siphinde sibe nethonya elivela ku-gene .
- Izici Zemvelo: Izehlakalo zokuphila ezibuhlungu zidlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalezi zimo. Isibonelo, ukufa komuntu omthandayo, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantwana kuyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Abantu abanezimo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson, nesifo senhliziyo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola ukucindezeleka.
Lesi simo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyisho ukuthi uma unalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi nje ukuthi unesifo sengqondo. Kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo oqeqeshiwe.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma ubona udokotela, into yokuqala azoyenza ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zimpawu zibangelwa yini ezinye izimo zomzimba, njengezinkinga ze-thyroid noma ukuntuleka kwamavithamini. Uma kudingeka, bangase bacele ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokhuluma nawe ngezimpawu zakho, imikhuba yakho yokulala nokudla, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo (ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma) kusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa.
1. Imithi
- Ama-antidepressant: Lawa asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kanye nezigameko zokucindezeleka ze-bipolar disorder. Le mithi isebenza ngokulinganisela ama-neurotransmitter njenge-serotonin ebuchosheni. Angathatha amasonto ama-4-6 ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi isikhathi sonke njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho.
- Izinzinzisi Zemizwa: Lena imithi enikezwa kakhulu ukulawula ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo okwenzeka kwisifo se-bipolar.
- Ama-antipsychotics: Le mithi isetshenziselwa ukulawula iziqephu zokudabuka kwemizwa zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye neziqephu zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
2. Ukwelapha ngokwengqondo
Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukwelapha ngokukhuluma'. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhuluma nodokotela wengqondo oqeqeshiwe noma udokotela wengqondo ukuze akuthole futhi akusize ushintshe imicabango yakho eyinkinga, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe okukusiza ukuthi ubone izindlela zakho zokucabanga ezimbi futhi uzishintshe zibe ngcono.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokukhuluma (i-DBT): Indlela yokwelapha ekhethekile esiza abantu ababhekene nemizwa enamandla kakhulu ukulawula imizwa yabo.
- Ukwelashwa Ngengqondo: Uhlobo lokwelapha olugxile endleleni okuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni nezinkinga ezingazi lutho ezithinta ngayo ukuziphatha kwamanje.
3. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Leli gama lingase lesabise abanye abantu, kodwa liyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu nephumelelayo yokucindezeleka okukhulu, okungenakuphikiswa kanye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiguquguqukayo.
- Ukwelashwa Okukhanyayo: Indlela yokwelapha ehilela ukudalula abantu ekukhanyeni okwenziwe, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanesifo sokuzwela sonyaka (SAD).
Kwenzekani uma uphila nalezi zimo?
Ngokuthola isifo kusenesikhathi nangokunembile kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, eziningi zalezi zimo zingaphathwa kahle futhi ziphile impilo evamile. Ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezeleka kanye nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kungabuya, futhi kungadingeka ukwelashwa impilo yonke.
Isexwayiso: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemicabango yokuzilimaza, sicela ungathuli ngakho. Funa usizo ngokushesha. Ungaya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU), noma ukhulume nomngane omethembayo noma ilungu lomndeni bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukucela usizo kuwuphawu lwamandla, hhayi ubuthakathaka.
Uma kungelashwa, kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi njengokungakwazi ukuya emsebenzini/esikoleni, ukulahlekelwa ubudlelwano nabantu, kanye nokulutha izidakamizwa notshwala.
Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele, kodwa zimisele ukuba ngcono.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa ujabule noma udabukile, futhi kuyisifo sengqondo. Uma le mizwa iqhubeka amasonto amaningi kuze kube yilapho ithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke, kuyinto okufanele uyikhathazeke ngayo.
- Lokhu akusikho ubuthakathaka bakho, futhi akuyona into oyenza ngamabomu. Lesi yisimo sezokwelapha esihlobene ne-chemistry yobuchopho.
- Kunemithi ephumelela kakhulu kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo kwezifo zemizwa. Ngakho-ke ungesabi.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ecabanga ukuzibulala, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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