Wake wacabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bumangalisa futhi buyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani? Lesi sitho esincane silawula yonke imicabango yethu, yonke intshukumo, kanye nayo yonke inkumbulo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchopho budinga ukugeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo, okungaphazanyiswa okunikeza umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba. Kodwa cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma imithambo emikhulu ethwala igazi ebuchosheni ivaleka? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingavamile, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele siqashelwe. Leso yiSifo sikaMoyamoya.
Kalula nje, uyini uMoyamoya?
Isifo sohlangothi yisifo esithinta imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bethu. Ngokwezokwelapha, yisifo semithambo yegazi. Kunemithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko entanyeni yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni, ebizwa ngokuthi imithambo ye-carotid. Uma kushaywa unhlangothi, eyodwa noma ngezinye izikhathi zombili lezi mithambo emikhulu iyancipha kancane kancane bese ivaleka. Kungathinta nomunye umthambo obalulekile ebuchosheni, imithambo yobuchopho. Lena yimithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni zangaphambili zobuchopho bethu.
Cabanga ukuthi ipayipi lamanzi eliyinhloko eliletha amanzi endlini yakho livaliwe. Kwenzekani-ke? Awekho amanzi. Ngakho-ke, lizama ukuthola amanzi emapayipini amancane angaphakathi endlini. Ubuchopho bethu buyafana. Lapho umthambo wegazi oyinhloko uvaliwe, ubuchopho budala imithambo yegazi eminingi emincane, emincane ukuze kulungiswe ukuntuleka. Lokhu kufana nemigwaqo eseceleni. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, le mithambo yegazi emisha ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi imincane. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuhlinzekwa ngegazi kanye nomthambo oyinhloko. Le mithambo ebuthakathaka ngezinye izikhathi ingaqhuma. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iSifo sikaMoyamoya singadala nokopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho (ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni). Futhi, izimo ezingathi sína ezifana nesifo sohlangothi zingavela ngoba ubuchopho abutholi igazi elanele.
Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "Moyamoya"?
Igama elithi “Moyamoya” livela esiJapane. Lisho ukuthi “njengomhubhe wentuthu.” Lapho odokotela baseJapan abaqala ukuthola lesi sifo benza i-angiogram yemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, babona ukuthi inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane esanda kwakheka yayixubene njengomhubhe wentuthu. Yingakho lesi sifo saqanjwa ngokuthi “Moyamoya.”
Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-moyamoya?
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zibangelwa ukwehla kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo siqala ukubonakala ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa okuningana kwe-ischemic okudlulile (TIAs). Lezi zifo ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "izifo ezincane." Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi ziyafika futhi zidlule isikhashana.
Ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala kulesi sifo.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-stroke noma i-mini-stroke (TIAs) | Izimpawu ezinjengokuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ubunzima bokukhuluma, kanye nokugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuphela ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane kuma-TIA. |
| Ukopha ebuchosheni | Ukopha ebuchosheni kwenzeka lapho kuqhuma umthambo wegazi omncane obuthakathaka. Lokhu kungabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuvamile, ngezinye izikhathi obukhulu. |
| Ukuquleka | Ukwenzeka kwezimo ezifana nokufaneleka. |
| Ukunyakaza okungalawulwa | Izingxenye zomzimba, njengezitho zomzimba, zihamba ngokungalawuleki. |
| Ukulibaziseka kokukhula | Uma lesi sifo sithinta izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi, zingase zibhekane nokubambezeleka ekukhuleni nasekufundeni kwazo. |
| Izinkinga zezinzwa | Izinkinga ngokubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, noma ukunambitha. |
Yini ebangela isifo iMoyamoya?
Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo ayikatholakali.Kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo kulokhu. Okusho ukuthi, kungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Njengoba lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu baseJapan, kutholakale ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okuthile ezakhini zabo zofuzo. Manje sekutholakale ukuthi izinguquko ezakhini zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-RNF213' zingase zibe nomthelela kulokhu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo seMoyamoya singenzeka nakwezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Bese sibiza ngokuthi yiMoyamoya syndrome. Isibonelo:
- I-Down syndrome
- Isifo samathuna
- Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis
- Isifo se-sickle cell
- I-atherosclerosis
Umuntu onezifo ezifana nalezi usengozini yokuthola isimo esibizwa ngokuthi uMoyamoya.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?
IMoyamoya yisifo esingavamile kakhulu . Asibikwe kakhulu emazweni afana neSri Lanka. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lesi sifo.
- Lesi sifo singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa sivame kakhulu ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-10 kanye nakubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-50 .
- Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingaziwa, abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lesi sifo kunabesilisa.
- Lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala kubantu baseJapan nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Asia.
Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuhlole futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi unesifo se-moyamoya, bazoncoma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
| Ukuhlolwa | Wenzani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| I-cerebral arteriography | Lesi isivivinyo esingcono kakhulu sokuxilonga lesi sifo. Kulesi sivivinyo, kufakwa ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma emlenzeni, bese kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi ngayo. Izithombe ze-X-ray zibe sezithathwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi imithambo yegazi mincane kangakanani nokuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kangakanani. |
| I-MRA Scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography) | Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa insimu yamagnetic namagagasi omsakazo ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni. |
| Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokuqabulana Kwamagnetic) | Indlela efana ne-MRA isetshenziswa ukuhlola isimo sezicubu zobuchopho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo ebuchosheni ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi. |
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha isifo se-moyamoya?
Yebo, kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo. Kunezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha. Eyokuqala ukulawula izimpawu. Eyokuqala ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni nokunciphisa ingozi yezimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
1. Ukwelashwa ngemithi
Udokotela angase anikeze imithi ehlukahlukene kuye ngesimo sesiguli.
- I-aspirin: Lo muthi usiza ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi futhi wenze kube lula ukugeleza kwegazi kuleyo mithambo yegazi emincane.
- Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka: Uma lesi sifo sibangela ukuquleka, le mithi inikezwa ukuze ilawule lokhu.
- Ama-anticoagulant: Nakuba lawa asiza ekuvimbeleni ukujiya kwegazi, odokotela batusa kuphela lawa ezimweni ezikhethekile kakhulu ngenxa yengozi yokopha.
- Ama-calcium channel blocker: Lawa angasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, anganciphisa nomfutho wegazi, okungase kwandise ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imithi ayikwazi ukuvimba ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi , ngakho-ke lesi sifo singaba sibi kancane kancane.
2. Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa Kokudlula)
Uma lesi sifo singenakulawuleka ngemithi, futhi uma siba sibi kancane kancane, udokotela angase atuse ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass.
Kalula nje, lokhu kuhilela ukudala umzila omusha wegazi eligeleza ngawo liye ebuchosheni, ukudlula umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha umthambo ophilile ovame ukunikeza igazi ekhanda bese uwuxhumanisa nomthambo wegazi osebuchosheni. Kufana nokwakha indawo entsha yokudlula umgwaqo omatasa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungandisa inani legazi elifinyelela ebuchosheni, kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa engcono kakhulu kuwe, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo? Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (OKUSHESHAYO)
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu onesifo iMoyamoya aqaphele izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi . Uma ukwelashwa kusheshe kutholakale, kulapho kungavinjelwa khona umonakalo omncane ebuchosheni. Isifinyezo esithi FAST sisetshenziselwa ukukusiza ukhumbule izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi.
| Izimpawu Zokushaywa Yisifo Sohlangothi (NGOKUSHESHA) - Thatha Isinyathelo Ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| F - Ubuso | Ingabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso bakho luzwakala lungenamsebenzi? Ingabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso bakho luyanyakaza uma umomotheka? |
| A - Izingalo | Ungakwazi yini ukuphakamisa izingalo zombili? Ingabe ingalo eyodwa iyawa phansi? |
| S - Inkulumo | Ingabe ingxoxo iyadida? Uyangithintitha? Ingabe kunzima ukusho umusho olula? |
| Isikhathi - T | Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungalibali. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha noma ushayele i-ambulensi. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu! |
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izimpawu ezinjengokudideka okungazelelwe , ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, izinkinga zokubona, ubunzima bokuhamba, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki nakho kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.
Uma uphila nalesi sifo, uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa kahle, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo evamile. Uma singelashwa, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sibulale. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo seMoyamoya yisimo esingavamile lapho umthambo oyinhloko ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni uncipha kancane kancane bese uvaleka.
- Lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni, okuholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi izimpawu ezifana nohlangothi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokuquleka.
- Lesi sifo singalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (FAST), kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Ukuchitha isikhathi kungandisa ukulimala kobuchopho.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
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