Wake waphawula iqhubu elincane entanyeni noma ekhwapheni lakho? Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kujwayelekile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesifo esifana ne-lymphoma. Namuhla sikhuluma ngolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza, i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Masiqonde konke ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?
I-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) iyiqembu lomdlavuza wegazi okhula ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi luyini uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Luyingxenye enkulu yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba wethu. Njengamasosha okuvikela ezwe lethu, lolu hlelo lusivikela ngokulwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
Kunezinhlayiya ezikhethekile ezifana namasosha kulesi simiso se-lymphatic. Sizibiza ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte . Lezi ziwuhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Uma kuba noshintsho ezizakhini zala maseli e-lymphocyte, okungukuthi, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, lawo maseli aqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki. Lowo ngumdlavuza okhula ngale ndlela, siwubiza ngokuthi i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Lawa maseli angajwayelekile avame ukuqoqana kuma-lymph node ethu bese akha amathumba . Angasakazeka nakwezinye izitho ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic, njenge-spleen yethu.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, abantu abane-non-Hodgkin lymphoma baphila isikhathi eside kunanini ngaphambili. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umgomo wokwelashwa ukugcina lesi sifo siphumule isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwezimpawu.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalezi NHL?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 eziyinhloko zalesi sifo, kodwa zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngokohlobo lweseli le-lymphocyte elithintekile.
- I-B-cell lymphoma: Lokhu kuvela ohlotsheni lwe-lymphocyte olubizwa ngokuthi ama-B cell. Lawa ma-B cell yiwo enza ama-antibodies ukulwa namagciwane lapho engena emizimbeni yethu. Cishe ama-85% eziguli ze-NHL angaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
- I-T-cell lymphoma: Lokhu kuvela ohlotsheni lwe-lymphocyte olubizwa ngokuthi ama-T cell. La ma-T cell alwa namagciwane ngqo futhi asiza nama-B cell.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ze-lymphoma ngokuya ngokuthi zisakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani.
- Ulaka: Lolu hlobo lungasakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke, ngakho-ke ludinga ukwelashwa okujulile.
- Ukungakhululeki: Lolu hlobo lusakazeka kancane kakhulu . Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa akudingeki ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwalesi sifo ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu noma iqhubu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-lymph node avuvukile. Kodwa khumbula, umdlavuza akuyona yodwa imbangela yokuvuvukala kwama-lymph node. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho noma umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ovamile.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akuphi. Ake sibheke lokho etafuleni elingezansi.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izici ezijwayelekile |
|
| Izimpawu ezihlobene nesifuba | |
| Izimpawu ezihlobene nesisu |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi une-lymphoma ngoba nje unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka amasonto amaningana, ngokuqinisekile kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-B?
Uma bethola i-lymphoma, odokotela bafuna izimpawu ezintathu ezithize ezibizwa ngokuthi "izimpawu ze-B." Lezi yizi:
1. Umkhuhlane ongenasizathu
2. Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku
3. Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ukuthi lezi zimpawu zikhona noma cha kungasiza ekuboneni uhlobo lwe-lymphoma onayo futhi kunqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lesi sifo?
Imbangela eqondile ye-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ayikatholakali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezitholakele ezikhulisa amathuba, noma ingozi, yokuthola lesi sifo.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 basengozini enkulu. Ingozi iyanda njengoba ukhula. |
| Isimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka | Ukukhubazeka kwamasosha omzimba ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokutheleleka nge-HIV . Abantu abaphuza imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ngemva kokufakelwa isitho nabo basengozini enkulu. |
| Izifo ezizenzakalelayo | Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne-psoriasis bangase babe sengozini encane yokutheleleka. |
| Izifo ezithile | Izifo ezifana ne-H. pylori, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, kanye ne-Hepatitis C zingandisa ingozi ye-NHL. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma abazali bakho, izingane zakini, noma izingane zakho sezike zaba ne-lymphoma noma omunye umdlavuza wegazi, nawe usengozini enkulu kancane. |
| Ukuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane | Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi abantu abachayeka kakhulu ezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula bangase babe sengozini eyengeziwe kancane. |
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Uma uya kudokotela, uzolandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuze athole isifo ngokunembile.
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Okokuqala, udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole umzimba wakho ukuze abone izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala kwama-lymph node.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kunikeza umbono wempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuskena kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, kanye nokuskena kwe-PET kungabheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni.
- I-Biopsy: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa lesi sifo isikhathi esingu-100%. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni evuvukele ye-lymph node noma endaweni bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lena yindlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi amangqamuzana e-lymphoma akhona noma cha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunophenotyping: Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lokuhlola amaseli athathwe ku-biopsy ukusiza ekutholeni ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-NHL.
Izigaba zesifo
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, udokotela uzonquma isigaba sesifo sakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukwelashwa.
| Isiteji | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba I | Amaseli omdlavuza atholakala endaweni eyodwa ye-lymph node noma esithweni esisodwa ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic. |
| Isigaba II | Kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-lymph node ohlangothini olufanayo (ngenhla noma ngaphansi) kwe-diaphragm. |
| Isigaba III | Kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuma-lymph node ezinhlangothini zombili (ngenhla nangaphansi) kwe-diaphragm. |
| Isigaba IV | Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-lymphatic waya kwesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezitho zomzimba, njengesibindi noma amaphaphu. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa okudingayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-NHL onayo, isigaba salesi sifo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukuqapha okusebenzayo: Uma unesimo sokuvilapha futhi ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukubheka intuthuko yakho ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Lapha, uqashwa njalo futhi ukwelashwa kuqala kuphela uma izimpawu ziqala.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lena yindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ihilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi ihlasela futhi ihlasele ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibody e-monoclonal kungenye yezindlela ezinjalo zokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa nge-CAR T-cell kungenye yezindlela zokwelashwa ezithuthukisiwe.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (isib. imisebe ye-X) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi. Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza, bese kufakwa amaseli e-stem aphilile emzimbeni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Imiphumela eminingi emibi ingeyesikhashana futhi iyanyamalala uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe.
Ungaphila kanjani nalesi sifo?
Uma uhlala ne-NHL, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele.
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco okunempilo. Ukudla kuyimbangela yamandla. Ukudla kahle kungasiza ekugcineni amandla omzimba wakho.
- Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwelashwa kungakwenza uzizwe ukhathele. Ukuphumula kusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uphinde uthole amandla awo.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka.Ukuphila nomdlavuza akulula. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni, noma umngane omethembayo ngokwesaba kwakho nokungabaza kwakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca. Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akunike isimiso sokuzivocavoca esilula esikufanele.
- Funda ngokunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Lokhu kumayelana nokusiza ukwenza impilo ibe lula ngokunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukungakhululeki, kanye nokucindezeleka kwesiguli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isifo sikusiphi isigaba.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uthola ukwelashwa futhi izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha , yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, qiniseka ukuthi uya khona emihlanganweni yakho ehleliwe yasemtholampilo.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima, isibonelo, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma ukopha kakhulu, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungawanaki amaqhubu angenabuhlungu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni. Bonana nodokotela ngoba angaba uphawu lwe-lymphoma.
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) akuyona isifo esisodwa, kodwa yiqembu lomdlavuza onezinhlobo eziningi. Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni onalo.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla (ezifana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-immunotherapy) zingalawula kakhulu lesi sifo futhi zelaphe ezinye izinhlobo ngokuphelele.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza onakho ngalesi sifo. Ungahlupheki wedwa.
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