Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma, ingabe uke uzwe umsindo "wekhala", sengathi izwi layo liphuma ekhaleni layo? Ngezinye izikhathi uma ithi izinhlamvu ezifana no-"प", "ब", "त" zenza umsindo ongacacile, wekhala? Abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nesizathu sezokwelapha ngemuva kwalokho. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuntuleka kwe-Velopharyngeal ( VPI )?
Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, iphuzu lilula kakhulu. Ake sikuqonde lokhu.
Ake sithi kukhona umnyango phakathi komlomo wethu (umgodi womlomo) kanye nomgodi ongaphakathi kwekhala lethu (umgodi wekhala). Lo mnyango siwubiza ngokuthi 'i-velipharyngeal sphincter'. Empeleni lokhu kuyindandatho yemisipha . Uma sikhuluma noma sigwinya, lo mnyango uvala kahle, uvimbele umoya ukuthi ungene ekhaleni lethu. Isibonelo, uma sithi "isinkwa", umfutho womoya ofika kuhlamvu "p" udalwa ngaphakathi komlomo wethu. Ngaleso sikhathi, umnyango uvaliwe, ngakho umoya awuphumi ungene ekhaleni lethu.
Ukuntuleka kwe-Velopharyngeal ( VPI ) yisimo lapho lowo mnyango, noma 'i-sphincter', ungavaleki kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi kusele isikhala esincane. Kwenzekani-ke? Uma sikhuluma, umoya othile okufanele uphume emlonyeni wethu uphuma ungene emakhaleni ethu. Yingakho izwi lethu lizwakala sengathi lizwakala sengathi likhala. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, lingaphuma ngisho nangamakhaleni ethu uma siphuza okuthile okufana namanzi.
Kalula nje, i-VPI yilapho umoya uphuma ngekhala lapho ukhuluma ngoba umnyango onemisipha phakathi komlomo nekhala awuvaleki kahle.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?
Nakuba i-VPI ingenzeka kunoma ubani, ivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Kunezici eziningana ezibangela lokhu.
- Izinkinga zokuzalwa: Abanye abantwana bazalwa benezinkinga ezithile ngolwanga lwabo. Isibonelo, izingane ezine -cleft palate zingase zibe nalesi simo. Futhi, ulwanga oluthambile lwezinye izingane lungase lufinyezwe kancane lapho zizalwa.
- Ama-tonsils nama -adenoids akhulisiwe: Kwabanye abantwana, lapho ama-tonsils emphinjeni noma ama-adenoids ngemuva kwekhala ekhula, lokhu kungaphazamisa 'i-sphincter' esikhulume ngayo.
- Izimo zofuzo: I-Down syndromeI-VPI ingenzeka futhi nasezimeni ezithile zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome noma i-neurofibromatosis.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Izifo zemizwa ezifana ne-cerebral palsy zingabangela ukuba imisipha yekhanda ibe buthakathaka futhi ingasebenzi kahle.
- Ukuhlinzwa okuthile:
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Adenoid.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-tonsill.
- Ukuhlinzwa kokususa izicubu ngemuva komphimbo (ukuhlinzwa kwe-UPPP) ezimweni ezinjengokuhona .
- Ezinye izimbangela: Ukuba nesimila ekhanda noma ukuthola ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza womphimbo/wekhala nakho kungabangela i-VPI.
Akuvamile ukuthi abaculi abadlala izinsimbi zomculo zethusi noma zomoya wokhuni nabo bangaba nesimo sesikhashana esibizwa ngokuthi "ukucindezeleka i-VPI" ngenxa yokucindezeleka.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-VPI?
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-VPI, qaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izwi elizwakala njengekhala | Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko. Uma ukhuluma, izwi lakho lizwakala sengathi liphuma ekhaleni lakho, njengokungathi umane uphethwe umkhuhlane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'inkulumo ebuhlungu kakhulu'. |
| Ubunzima bokuphimisa ezinye izinhlamvu | Kunzima kakhulu ukuphimisela ongwaqa abadinga ukucindezela emlonyeni, njengo-'pa', 'ba', 'ta', 'da', 'ka', kanye no-'ga', ngoba umoya uphuma ngekhala. |
| Imisindo yekhala uma ukhuluma | Ngesikhathi ukhuluma, ungase uzwe umsindo onjengomoya ovunguzayo ekhaleni lakho, umsindo othi 'shhh', noma umsindo ofana nekhala lakho uvaliwe. |
| Ukubuyela emuva (ukudla/uketshezi oluphuma ngekhala) | Lokhu kuyinto engabonakala ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Uma uphuza okuthile okufana namanzi noma ubisi, kungaphuma ngekhala lakho. |
Izwi lizwakala kanjani esimweni se-VPI?
Ukuze kube sobala, uma umuntu onalesi simo ekhuluma, ungase uzwe izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Indaba ibonakala sengathi ibambeke phakathi nendawo, futhi indaba iyama ngendlela exakile.
- Izwi alicacile, kubonakala sengathi lithule (inkulumo ethule).
- Uma ukhuluma, ungase uzwe umsindo othi 'ukukhukhumala', umsindo othi 'ukuklewula', noma umsindo othi 'ukuklewula', njengokungathi ikhala lakho livalekile .
- Kuzwakala sengathi ukhuluma ngekhala lakho esikhundleni somlomo wakho.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Uma ubona lezi zimpawu enganeni yakho, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela. Udokotela ohlinzayo wezindlebe, impumulo nomphimbo (ENT) ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu kulokhu. Uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo.
1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Okokuqala, udokotela uzothinta ulwanga lwengane ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkulumo: Vumela ingane ikhulume futhi ilalele ngokucophelela imisindo ejwayelekile ye-VPI.
3. I-Nasoendoscopy: Kulokhu, kufakwa ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera nokukhanya ekhaleni bese udokotela ebheka ngqo esikrinini ukuze abone ukuthi i-sphincter iyavaleka yini uma ukhuluma noma kukhona izikhala. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kungakhululekile kancane, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni okunembile.
4. I-Videofluoroscopy: Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-X-ray. Ingane inikwa uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-barium ukuze iluphuze, kanti i-X-ray ikhombisa ukunyakaza kwezingxenye zomlomo nomphimbo njengoba zigwinya futhi zikhuluma.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-VPI?
Uma isimo se-VPI sesiqinisekisiwe, akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalokhu. Izindlela zokwelapha zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma ufundisa ingane indlela yokukhuluma nge-VPI ngendlela enciphisa umsindo wekhala ezwini. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kuyadingeka ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ingane idinga ukufunda ukuphimisela imisindo ngendlela entsha.
2. Ukuhlinzwa
Ezimweni eziningi, ikhambi elihlala njalo le-VPI ukuhlinzwa. Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlinzwa ukuvala isikhala phakathi kwekhala nomlomo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kungavimbeli ukuphefumula kwamakhala. Kuye ngesimo sengane, udokotela angasebenzisa amasu ahlukene okuhlinzwa.
- Ukushintsha isimo solimi oluthambile.
- Ukwenza udonga lomphimbo lube lukhuni kancane futhi kunciphisa ibanga eliya emlonyeni.
- Ukwelula noma ukubumba kabusha imisipha yesandla.
- I-flap yemisipha (`i-pharyngeal flap`) ithathwa odongeni lwangemuva lomphimbo bese inamathiselwa ophahleni lomlomo. Lokhu kuvala isikhala ngezinga elikhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kulabo abangakwazi noma abangafuni ukuhlinzwa, kufakwa idivayisi ekhethekile (`ukufakelwa ngomlomo`) emlonyeni, efana ne-retainer ebekwa emazinyweni. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukusunduza uphahla lomlomo phezulu nokuvala igebe. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nzima kancane ukuzisebenzisa njalo.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi zokuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kwe-VPI kungaba nezingozi ezincane, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ezimweni eziningi.
- Inkulumo ye-Hyponasal: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, umsindo ovela ekhaleni uba ngaphansi kokuvamile, futhi izwi lizwakala sengathi livela emkhuhlaneni.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngekhala.
- Ukuhona kanye nokuphefumula okuvimbelayo kokulala.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa, izwi lempumulo (inkulumo ye-hypernasal) lingase linganyamalali ngokuphelele, kodwa lingase likhule ngisho nangokwengeziwe.
Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-VPI kuphumelele ngo-85%, okusho ukuthi inani elikhulu lezingane liyalulama kahle. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zingase ziqhubeke nokuba nezimpawu noma kungadingeka ukuthi zenze okunye ukuhlinzwa.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ingane yami inalesi simo?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko. Uma ubona amaphethini angavamile, imikhuba, noma imisindo enkulumweni yengane yakho, ikakhulukazi uma izwi lizwakala sengathi lizwakala njengelikhala, ungalishayi indiva.
Ngoba uma lesi simo sisheshe selashwe, imiphumela iba mihle. Uma kungenjalo, ingane ingase ibe nomkhuba wokukhuluma kabi futhi kungaba nzima ukushintsha lowo mkhuba kamuva.
Ayikho indlela eqondile yokuvimbela lesi simo, njengoba sivame ukuzalwa noma sibangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Velopharyngeal (VPI) yisimo lapho imbobo yemisipha phakathi komlomo nekhala ingavaleki kahle, okubangela ukuba umoya ungene ekhaleni uma ukhuluma.
- Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi izwi lizwakala sengathi livela ekhaleni (izwi 'lempumulo'). Kungase kube nzima futhi ukubiza izinhlamvu ezifana no-'প', 'ব', kanye no-'ত'.
- Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nomlomo oqhekekile, ama-adenoid akhulisiwe, kanye nokuhlinzwa okuthile.
- Uma ubona ushintsho olufana nalolu enkulumweni yengane yakho, ungalushayi indiva bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nokuhlinzwa kungaba wusizo kakhulu ekwelapheni lesi simo. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
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