Ingabe usazizwa womile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuza amanzi angakanani? Ingabe kufanele uye endlini yangasese njalo? Uma wenza kanjalo, ingabe ukhipha umchamo omanzi, ongenambala? Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, ungacabangi ukuthi "yisifo sikashukela" noma isifo sikashukela esisaziyo sonke. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esinegama elifanayo, kodwa esihluke ngokuphelele.
Kuyini i-Diabetes Insipidus?
Kalula nje, isifo sikashukela i-Insipidus (DI) siyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Sivela lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulawula amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, uzizwa womile ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ukhipha umchamo omningi. Lo mchamo awunambala noma iphunga.
Cabanga ngakho, umuntu ophilile uvame ukukhipha cishe amalitha angu-1-2 omchamo ngosuku. Kodwa umuntu onalesi simo angakhipha noma yikuphi amalitha amathathu kuya kwangu-20 omchamo ngosuku. Nakuba kubizwa ngokuthi "isifo sikashukela," asihlobene namazinga kashukela egazini. Kuyinkinga yamahomoni ehlobene nokulawulwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus (DI)?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalesi simo kuye ngokuthi senzeka kanjani.
1. I-Central Diabetes Insipidus
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukulimala kwe-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland ebuchosheni bethu. Lezi zingxenye zikhiqiza futhi zilawule i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-vasopressin. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-ADH (i-Antidiuretic Hormone).
Umsebenzi wale hormone ye-ADH ukunikeza "isignali" ezinso zethu bese sizitshela ukuthi zonge inani lamanzi umzimba owadingayo. Kufana nesango elisethangini lamanzi. Uma i-ADH ikhona, isango liyavalwa bese amanzi egcinwa. Uma i-ADH ingekho, isango livuleka ngokuphelele bese wonke amanzi ekhishwa. Ku-Central DI, le hormone ye-ADH ayikhiqizwa ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, izinso zikhipha amanzi ngokungalawuleki.
Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:
- Isimila sobuchopho
- Ukulimala ekhanda
- Ukuhlinzwa
- Ukutheleleka
2. I-Nephrogen Diabetes Insipidus
Kulolu hlobo, ubuchopho bukhiqiza i-hormone ye-ADH ngendlela efanele, kodwa izinso aziphenduli kuleyo hormone. Kunjengokungathi umlawuli unikeza imiyalelo, kodwa amasosha awayilaleli. Umphumela uyafana: amanzi amaningi akhishwa ezinso.
Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:
- Eminye imithi (isib. i-lithium)
- Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona
- Ukwanda kwamazinga e-calcium noma ukwehla kwamazinga e-potassium egazini.
3. Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa I-Insipidus
Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, senzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-enzyme ekhiqizwa yi-placenta, enikeza umntwana ukudla okunomsoco, ingabhubhisa i-hormone ye-ADH. Lesi simo sivame ukuphela ngemva kokubeletha.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukoma ngokweqile kanye nokuchama ngokweqile, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu eziningana ezingase zivele.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukoma okukhulu | Ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuqeda ukoma kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphuza amanzi angakanani. Ikakhulukazi ukufisa amanzi eqhwa. |
| Ukuchama ngokweqile (i-Polyuria) | Ukuchama okungaphezu kwamalitha amathathu ngosuku. Mhlawumbe kudingeka uye endlini yangasese kanye ngehora. |
| Ukuvuka ukuze uchame ebusuku | Ukuvuka izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokulala ukuze uchame. |
| Umchamo ongenambala | Umchamo unciphile kakhulu, njengamanzi. Awunambala noma iphunga. |
| Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni | Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi emzimbeni. Izimpawu ezifana nomlomo owomile nezindebe, isiyezi, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu zingase zibe khona. |
Zinjani lezi zimpawu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni?
Kungaba nzima kancane ukubona ukuthi lesi simo siyenzeka yini ezinganeni ezincane, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe njengomzali ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
- Ukukhala njalo nokungaphumuli
- Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukuntuleka kwesisindo
- Ukungafuni ukudla noma ukuphuza ubisi
- Ukumanzisa njalo amanabukeni
- Umkhuhlane nokuhlanza
- Ukukhula okubambezelekile
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu. Ungacabangi nje.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Diabetes Insipidus (DI) kanye ne-Diabetes Mellitus?
Leli yiphuzu lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Naphezu kwegama elifanayo, lezi yizimo ezimbili zezokwelapha ezihluke ngokuphelele.
| Isici | Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus (DI) | Isifo Sikashukela |
|---|---|---|
| Isizathu esiyinhloko | Inkinga nge-hormone i-vasopressin (ADH), elawula amanzi. | Inkinga nge-hormone i-insulin, elawula ushukela. |
| Izinga likashukela egazini | Okuvamile. | Kusezingeni eliphezulu. |
| Uhlobo lomchamo | Umchamo onamanzi, ongenambala, oncibilikisiwe. Awunawo ushukela. | Kungase kube noshukela (i-glucose). |
| Ingozi eyinhloko | Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. | Izinkinga ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwemizwa, kanye nokulimala kwezinso. |
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza umbuzo onemininingwane mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Kuthathwa isampula yomchamo wakho bese ihlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uncibilike kangakanani. Kubuye kuhlolwe noshukela. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenziwa ukuqoqwa komchamo amahora angama-24 ukuze kulinganiswe inani eliphelele.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuhlola amazinga kasawoti, njenge-sodium, noshukela egazini.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuncishwa Kwamanzi: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Kulokhu, ucelwa ukuthi ungaphuzi manzi amahora ambalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isisindo sakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuhlushwa komchamo kulinganiswa njalo ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone kahle ukuthi umzimba wakho uziphatha kanjani ngaphandle kwamanzi.
- I-MRI Scan: Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukubona ukuthi kunenkinga yini nge-pituitary gland noma i-hypothalamus ebuchosheni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni unesifo sofuba esinjani.
- Kwi-Central DI: Kunikezwa i-hormone yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Desmopressin. Lokhu kufana nokunikeza i-hormone ye-ADH engekho emzimbeni ngaphandle. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengesifutho sekhala, njengamaphilisi, noma njengomjovo.
- Nge-Nephrogenic DI: Ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi, lesi simo singaphela uma umuthi usuyekiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, eminye imithi (njengemithi ethile yokukhipha isisu) inikezwa ukusiza ukunciphisa inani lomchamo okhiqizwa yizinso.
- Nge-Gestational DI: I-Desmopressin ingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lesi simo sivame ukuxazululeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokubeletha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amanzi amaningi njalo . Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ulahlekelwa amanzi njalo, udinga ukugcwalisa lokho kulahlekelwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus (DI) asisona isifo sikashukela egazini. Siyinkinga yamahomoni ehlobene nokulawulwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukoma okungabekezeleleki kanye nomchamo ongaphezu kombala.
- Inkinga enkulu neyingozi kakhulu engenzeka kulesi simo ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke phuza amanzi amaningi njalo.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungaqageli, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko.
- Lesi simo siyisifo esilawulwa kahle, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukwelashwa okunqunywe udokotela ngqo.
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