Ake sifunde kalula nge-Endarterectomy, ukuhlinzwa okususa 'ama-fat deposits' ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.

Kumelwe ukuba uqaphele ukuthi njengoba amapayipi amanzi emakhaya ethu eguga, avinjelwa ukungcola nokugqwala. Ngokufanayo, imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu, amapayipi athwala igazi, ingavinjelwa izinto ezahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho umthambo wegazi uvinjelwa, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inqubo yokususa izinto ezivinjiwe ngokuhlinzwa nokuhlanza umthambo wegazi ibizwa nje ngokuthi ``Endarterectomy``.

Kuyini ukususwa kwe-Endarter? Kwenzekani ngempela?

Kalula nje, i-endarterectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokuvula kabusha imithambo yegazi evinjiwe noma encishisiwe. I-plaque iwungqimba oluqinile nolunamathelayo lwamafutha ne-calcium oluqongeleleka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Kufana nokugqwala okwakheka epayipini lamanzi. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, odokotela bavula imithambo yegazi bese besusa i-plaque eqongeleleke ngaphakathi.

Uma i-plaque isuswa ngale ndlela, isikhala esingaphakathi komthambo wegazi siyanda. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi liphinde ligeleze kahle. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi kanye nezimo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi .

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa lapho isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis, okuyiqoqo le-plaque emithanjeni yegazi, siba sibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo ababonisa izimpawu.

Izimo eziyinhloko eziphathwa ngalokhu kuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini (i-PAD): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-plaque inqwabelana emithanjeni ethwala igazi iye emilenzeni noma ezingalweni zakho, iyivimbe. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu emilenzeni yakho lapho uhamba, amanxeba angapholi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene).
• Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kuwukunqwabelana kwe-plaque emithanjeni emibili emikhulu entanyeni yethu ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni. Uma le mithambo incipha, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kunganqamuka, okuholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yi-ischemic okwesikhashana (TIA), noma ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwe-endarterectomy?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalokhu kuhlinzwa kuye ngokuthi kwenziwa kuphi. Ukuze kube lula ngawe ukuqonda, ake sikubheke ngale ndlela.

Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze lokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze anqume ukuthi kungakanani nokuthi ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi kukuphi.

• I-Doppler ultrasound: Iskeni esisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nokuvinjelwa.
• I-CT angiography: Isebenzisa ama-X-ray akhethekile kanye nedayi yokuhlukanisa ukudala izithombe zemithambo yegazi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D).
• I-Angiography: Idayi ifakwa ngqo emthanjeni bese kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray ukuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi.
• I-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography - i-MRA):Izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi zitholakala kusetshenziswa omaginethi namagagasi omsakazo.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke okwesikhashana ukuthatha imithi ethile, njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ungase ucelwe nokuthi uqale ukuthatha imithi ethile, njenge-aspirin. Kufanele wenze konke lokhu njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.

Kuzodingeka futhi uzile ukudla (ungadli noma uphuze noma yini) amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ithimba le-anesthesia lizokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile ngalokhu.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?

Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ukuze uvikeleke ekuzweleni ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Iningi labantu linikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzobe ulele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzeni okufana ne-carotid endarterectomy, ungase uhlale uphapheme futhi indawo okukhulunywa ngayo kuphela ezoncishiswa (i-anesthesia yendawo) ukuze kube lula ukubona ukusebenza kobuchopho.

Nasi isibuyekezo sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo salokho okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa:

1. Ukusikwa kwesikhumba: Ukusikwa okuncane kwenziwa esikhumbeni ngqo phezu komthambo ovalekile.

2. Ukususwa kweplaque: Umthambo uyavulwa bese ungqimba lweplaque olufakwe ngaphakathi lususwa ngokucophelela.

3. Ukuvala umthambo: Umthambo uyathungwa uvalwe. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuthungwa isiqephu esincane endaweni yaso ukuze kuvinjwe umthambo ukuthi ungaphinde unciphe. Lesi siqephu singenziwa ngokwenziwa noma singaba yisicubu esithathwe komunye umthambo emzimbeni wakho.

4. Ukuvalwa kwesikhumba: Ekugcineni, ukusikwa kwesikhumba kuvalwa ngezithungo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy kuvame ukuthatha cishe ihora elilodwa noma amabili. Isikhathi sezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa singahluka.

Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zokuhlinzwa?

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:

• Ukuvaleka kuyasuswa futhi umthambo wegazi ubuyiselwa esimweni sawo esijwayelekile.
• Njengoba ukujikeleza kwegazi kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, izinto ezifana nobuhlungu bemilenze kanye namanxeba angapholi ziqala ukuphola.
• Ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi incishiswe kakhulu.
• Ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yokuhlinzwa ihlala iminyaka eminingi.

Izingozi ezingaba khona:

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezincane ezihilelekile.

• Ukopha
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Izimo ezithelelanayo
• Ukulimala kwemizwa (ngokuvamile okwesikhashana)
• Ukunciphisa kabusha umthambo ngemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukukhubazeka

Kodwa kubantu abaningi, ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu iphansi kakhulu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ubude besikhathi ozohlala esibhedlela ngemva kokuhlinzwa buzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwe.

Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumula nokuphuza imithi yakho njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Uzocelwa ukuba uze emtholampilo ukuze uthole ukuvakasha okulandelayo cishe emavikini amane. Ukuhlinzwa kuzobe sekuhlolwa. Iningi labantu livame ukubuyela emsebenzini ngemva kwalokhu kuvakashela emtholampilo.

Kodwa uma ungumuntu ophakamisa izinto ezisindayo, kuzodingeka uphumule inyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili uze ululame ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi uma uke wahlinzwa esiswini, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuphakamisa amakhilogremu angaphezu kwama-5 izinyanga ezimbili.

Kufanele ushayele nini udokotela ucingo ngokushesha?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Uma uzizwa ushisa noma umkhuhlane
• Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, noma uketshezi olufana nobomvu oluphuma endaweni yokusikwa
• Uma uzizwa ungenamizwa noma ubuthakathaka emzimbeni wakho
• Uma ubhekana nezinguquko embonweni, enkulumweni engacacile, noma ugobile ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso bakho
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza