Ingabe izinga lakho le-calcium liphezulu? Ingabe kungaba yi-parathyroid adenoma?

Ngesikhathi usanda kuhlola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, ingabe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi izinga lakho le-calcium liphezulu kancane? Kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange uqaphele lutho olungavamile noma oluhlukile emzimbeni wakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wacabanga, "Ngiphilile, kungani leli calcium liphezulu kuphela?" Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bayazi ngalesi simo ngengozi. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezizathu eziyinhloko nezivame kakhulu zokwanda kwamazinga e-calcium egazini ngendlela elula kakhulu neqondakalayo.

Okokuqala, ake sibone, ziyini lezi zindlala ze-parathyroid?

Uma uzwa leli gama, abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yendlala yegilo uqobo. Kodwa akunjalo. Lezi uhlobo oluhlukile lwendlala. Zitholakala entanyeni yethu, zizungeze indlala yegilo, njengokungathi siyayigona. Iningi labantu linazo ezine zalezi. Izindlala ezine ezimise okweqanda, cishe ngobukhulu bephizi encane.

Ngakho-ke lezi zindlala ezincane ezine zenzani emizimbeni yethu? Lezi yizilawuli ze-calcium zomzimba wethu. Zisebenza njengebhola elilawula izinga lamanzi ethangini lethu lamanzi ekhaya. Lapho izinga le-calcium egazini lethu lehla, lezi zindlala zikhipha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) . Le hormone itshela amathambo ethu ukuthi, "Kulungile, manje nikeza i-calcium egazini." Iphinde itshele izinso zethu namathumbu ukuthi ziphinde zimunce i-calcium emzimbeni esikhundleni sokuyichitha. Lapho izinga le-calcium egazini lethu libuyela ezingeni elifanele, lezi zindlala ziyayeka ukukhulula i-hormone. Akuyona yini indlela emangalisayo?

I-calcium ibalulekile kuwo wonke amaseli ebuchosheni bethu, enhliziyweni, ohlelweni lwezinzwa, emathanjeni, kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla ukuze isebenze kahle. Ngakho-ke ukugcina lelo zinga le-calcium lilungile kungumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu walezi zindlala ezine ezincane.

Ngakho-ke iyini le adenoma ye-parathyroid?

Kalula nje, i-adenoma iyisimila esincane, esingesona umdlavuza (esingesihle) . Lolu hlobo lwesimila lungavela kwenye yezindlala ezine ze-parathyroid esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili (ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kweyodwa).

Manje cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani lapho kuvela isimila esinjengalesi kwenye yalezo zindlala ezine. Indlala enesimila iqala ukusebenza ngokungalawuleki, ikhuthele ngokweqile. Ifana nomshini oneswishi yokuvula/yokuvala ephukile ehlala ivuleka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bese indlala ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH) eningi kakhulu. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Primary Hyperparathyroidism .

Uma le hormone ikhiqizwa ngokweqile, ithatha i-calcium emathanjeni njalo bese iyifaka egazini. Iphinde ikhulise ukumuncwa kwe-calcium ezinso nasemathunjini. Umphumela wokugcina uba ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lihlala liphakeme kunalokho okudingekayo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia .

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-calcium ephezulu egazini (i-Hypercalcemia)?

Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho siqale sathi abantu abaningi bakuthola lokhu ngengozi. Kodwa uma amazinga e-calcium egazini ephakeme isikhathi eside, kungavela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungacabangi ukuthi ngokuqinisekile kuyi-parathyroid adenoma. Lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa nezinye izimo. Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho bese ukhuluma ngakho.

Kungani la mathumba eba khona? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Eqinisweni, ezimweni ezingama-90% , akukho sizathu esicacile esitholiwe sokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinhlayiya ze-adenoma. Kwenzeka nje. Kodwa ngephesenti elincane, cishe u-10%, lokhu kungabangelwa imbangela yofuzo edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakale nezinye izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi:

• Ubudala: Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70.
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuthola lesi simo kunabesilisa.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Uma uke welashwa ngemisebe entanyeni nasekhanda useyingane noma usemusha, ingozi yakho ingase ikhuphuke kancane.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium: Ukungatholi i-calcium eyanele ekudleni isikhathi eside nakho kubhekwa njengesici esiyingozi.

Kwenzekani uma lesi simo singelashwa?

Nakuba lokhu kungeyona umdlavuza, uma kungelashwa isikhathi eside, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwamazinga e-calcium egazini.

• I-Cardiac Arrhythmia: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungase kube okungajwayelekile.
• Inkinga Ye-Parathyroid: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi. Izinga le-calcium egazini liba phezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekudidekeni kwengqondo kanye nasekufeni.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezifana namatshe ezinso kanye nokuphuka kwamathambo, esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni.

Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu, uma udokotela ethola lesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuselapha ngendlela efanele.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Inqubo yokuxilonga lesi sifo ilula kakhulu.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlola izinga le-calcium egazini. Uma liphezulu, khona-ke izinga le-parathyroid hormone (PTH) egazini liyahlolwa. Uma kokubili kuphezulu, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekile ngo-99%. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezimpawu noma cha, lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi okubili yikona okuyinhloko ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.

2. Ezinye izivivinyo:Uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, udokotela angase ancome ukuhlolwa okumbalwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ezinye izinkinga nokuhlela kusengaphambili ukuhlinzwa.

• Ukuskena kwentamo nge-ultrasound: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuzama ukuthola indlala ekhulisiwe esebenza ngokweqile.
• I-Sestamibi Scan: Lolu uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-scan. Inani elincane lamakhemikhali lifakwa emzimbeni, futhi indawo eqondile yesimila inqunywa ngokubheka ukuthi sibopha kanjani endlaleni esebenzayo.
• I-Bone Densitometry (i-DEXA scan): Ilinganisa ukuthi amathambo abuthakathaka kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo kwamahora angama-24: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium ekhishwa emchameni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha? Yisiphi ikhambi elingcono kakhulu?

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu, okuphumelelayo kakhulu, nokuhlala njalo kwalesi simo ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe indlala noma ama-gland angavamile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-parathyroidectomy . Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lesi sifo siyaphulukiswa ngokuphelele ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-95%.

Uma ngingenazo izimpawu, ingabe ngisadinga ukuhlinzwa?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Yebo, ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukunconywa ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu. Kungani kunjalo? Ngoba noma kungekho zimpawu, ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini kubangela umonakalo emzimbeni ngaphakathi. Ukuhlinzwa kuyisisombululo esingcono kakhulu sokuvimbela amatshe ezinso kanye ne-osteoporosis esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani?

Lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona into enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi.

• Ngaphansi kokuhlinzwa okugcwele, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane kakhulu ngaphambili kwentamo.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo uhlola zonke izindlala ezine, athole indlala ekhulisiwe nengavamile, bese eyisusa.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nezimila ezindlaleni ezimbili. Uma kunjalo, zombili ziyasuswa. Uma zonke izindlala ezine zikhulisiwe (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hyperplasia), kususwa u-3 1/2 wezindlala bese ingxenye esele isala emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba udinga inani elincane lezicubu ze-parathyroid ukulawula i-calcium.
• Izinga le-PTH hormone egazini liyahlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Uma izinga lehla cishe ngo-50% ngemva kokususwa kwendlala engavamile, kusho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi zokuhlinzwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezincane. Eyinhloko ukwehla kwesikhashana kwamazinga e-calcium egazini (i-hypocalcemia) ngemva kokuhlinzwa.Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki ezinzwaneni nasezindaweni ezizungezile umlomo, kanye nomuzwa wokuqhaqhazela kwemisipha. Kodwa akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Udokotela uzokunika amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D amasonto ambalwa. Uma uwaphuza kahle, lesi simo sizogwenywa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Cishe ngemva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, izimpawu zakho (njengokukhathala nobuhlungu bomzimba) zizophela cishe ngokuphelele. Uzoqala ukuzizwa ukhululekile futhi uvuselelwa.

Izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Ukuqina kwamathambo kuyabuya.
• Ingozi yokuphuka kwamathambo incishisiwe.
• Kuqeda ingozi yamatshe ezinso.