Wake waya kudokotela unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, nomphimbo obuhlungu wabe usunikwa umuthi ofana ne-"Amoxicillin"? Noma wake wanikezwa umuthi ofana ne-"Penicillin" wenxeba? Abaningi bethu bake bezwa ngalo muthi, kodwa asazi kahle ukuthi uyini, wenzani emzimbeni, noma ukuthi usebenza kanjani, akunjalo? Lo muthi omangalisayo ngempela oye waguqula imithi futhi wasiza ekusindiseni izigidi zabantu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-penicillin ngendlela elula kakhulu, yengxoxo.
Iyini i-Penicillin ngamagama alula?
Kalula nje, i-penicillin iyiqembu lemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibiotic . I-antibiotic umuthi obulala noma ovimba ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi angena emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngamagciwane amabi angena emizimbeni yethu njengezitha ezihlasela izwe. Khona-ke i-penicillin ifana nesosha eliqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile elibhubhisa lezo zitha.
Le penicillin ingeyeqembu elikhulu lama-antibiotic abizwa ngokuthi "ama-beta-lactam." Odokotela basebenzisa lo muthi njengephilisi, uketshezi, noma njengomjovo "we-intravenous" (IV).
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-penicillin isebenza kuphela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ayinawo umthelela emikhuhlaneni evamile kanye ne-flu, ebangelwa amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi usebenzise lezi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Yiziphi izifo odokotela abazisebenzisela i-penicillin?
I-Penicillin iyi-antibiotic ebanzi engasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi ezahlukene. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-penicillin ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokutheleleka onalo. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ngazo.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu | Umphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa amagciwane. |
| Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (i-Otitis media) | Ukutheleleka kwendlebe kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. |
| Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs) | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane omgudu womchamo. |
| Inyumoniya | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okuthinta amaphaphu. |
| Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba (ukutheleleka kwe-Staph) | Izimo ezinjengokutheleleka kwamanxeba nokwakheka kwamathumba. |
| I-Meningitis | Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla. |
| Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane ezimpandeni zamazinyo noma izinsini. |
| Ezinye izifo | Iphinde isetshenziswe ezifweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, kanye nesifo se-Lyme. |
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-penicillin?
Yebo, kunamalungu ahlukene omndeni we-penicillin. Angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana amakhulu ngokusekelwe endleleni enziwa ngayo kanye nezinhlobo zamagciwane angawabulala.
- Ama-penicillin emvelo: Lezi yizinhlobo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, njengasesihlahleni. Ososayensi bayawahlanza bese bewenza imithi. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo yi-Penicillin G kanye ne-Penicillin V.
- Ama-penicillin enziwe ngendlela engavamile: Lawa yiwona esiwabona njalo. Ososayensi bathatha i-penicillin yemvelo bese beshintsha isakhiwo sayo kancane elabhorethri ukuze ithuthuke kakhulu futhi ibe namandla kakhulu. Imithi efana ne-Amoxicillin, i-Ampicillin, ne-Dicloxacillin ingeyalesi sigaba.
- Imithi ehlanganisiwe:Ngezinye izikhathi amabhaktheriya anamandla kakhulu. Athola izindlela zawo zokuphunyuka ku-penicillin. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuze andise amandla e-penicillin nakakhulu, anezela omunye umuthi osizayo. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngomuthi ``(Augmentin)``. Une-``(Amoxicillin)`` kanye nomunye umuthi ``(clavulanic acid)`` ongeziwe kuwo.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi igciwane ngalinye linodonga oluqinile lweseli lokuzivikela. Njengoba nje sinodonga oluzungeze indlu yethu. Ngaphandle kwalolu donga, amagciwane awakwazi ukusinda.
Lokho okwenziwa yi-penicillin ukuthi iqonda ngqo ekuvimbeleni amabhaktheriya ekwakheni udonga . Kufana nokungavumeli usimende ungene uma wakha udonga. Uma udonga lungakhi kahle, luyaba buthaka, luthole imigodi, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana luyaphuka futhi luwe. Uma udonga seluphelile, amabhaktheriya awakwazi ukuphila, ayafa. Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo.
Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini ukuthi 'ukumelana nemithi'?
Uma bebhekene nohlobo olufanayo lokuhlaselwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanye amabhaktheriya aba nobuqili kakhulu. Bafunda izindlela ezintsha zokubalekela lokhu kuhlaselwa yi-penicillin. Isibonelo:
- Zikhiqiza ama-enzyme (njenge-beta-lactamase) abhubhisa i-penicillin.
- Noma bashintsha uhlobo lodonga lwabo lokuzivikela, ukuze i-penicillin ingangeni.
Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukumelana nama-antibiotic . Lena yinkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni namuhla. I-MRSA (i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elimelana nezinhlobo eziningi ze-penicillin.
Kufanele ngithathe i-penicillin isikhathi esingakanani? Iyini imiphumela emibi?
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi udinga ukuthatha i-penicillin isikhathi esingakanani. Kuzoncika ohlotsheni kanye nobukhali bokutheleleka onakho. Ngokuvamile kungaba kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7 kuya emavikini amaningana.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule lapha ukuphuza umuthi izinsuku eziphelele ozinikezwe udokotela. Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, ungayeki ukuwuthatha. Uma uyeka, amabhaktheriya anamandla kakhulu asele emzimbeni azojwayela lo muthi futhi ngeke asebenze ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uwunikeza. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okumelana nama-antibiotic.
Imiphumela emibi evamile
Njengayo yonke imithi, i-penicillin ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki kubantu abaningi, futhi uma kwenzeka, ngokuvamile akukubi kangako.
- Isicanucanu
- Ukuhlanza
- Uhudo (ukuphazamiseka kwesisu)
- Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuvele ukuqubuka okuncane kwesikhumba.
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukushintsha komuzwa wokunambitha/wephunga
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
Ngokuvamile, ukuthatha umuthi ngemva kokudla kunganciphisa ukungakhululeki esiswini njengesicanucanu.
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele uma usebenzisa i-penicillin
Ngisho noma kunemiphumela emibi emincane, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezingozi ezinkulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
1. Ukungezwani komzimba ne-penicillin
Lena ingozi enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa empeleni, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangezwani ne-penicillin. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bangezwani ne-penicillin, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi akunjalo. Kodwa kumuntu ongezwani ne-allergy, lokhu kungaba yingozi.
- Izimpawu: ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Okufanele ukwenze: Uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuhlanza, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo ngemuva nje kokuthatha umuthi, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
2. C. ukutheleleka kwe-diff
Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Sinebhalansi yamabhaktheriya amahle namabi emathunjini ethu. Ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin ngezinye izikhathi abulala amanye amabhaktheriya amahle kanye namabhaktheriya amabi. Lokhu kuvumela amabhaktheriya amabi, abizwa ngokuthi i-Clostridium difficile (C. diff), ukuthi aphindaphindeke ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Lokhu kungabangela uhudo olunzima, olunamanzi, izinhlungu zesisu ezinzima, kanye nomkhuhlane .
| Nini ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho |
|---|
|
| Isikhathi sokuya esibhedlela ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) |
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Ubani othole lesi sidakamizwa esiyisimangaliso?
Lokhu kuyinto emangazayo kakhulu futhi eyenzekile ngengozi. Ngo-1928, usosayensi ogama lakhe lingu- Alexander Fleming waya eholidini ngaphandle kokuhlanza kahle izitsha zikaPetri elabhorethri yakhe. Lapho ebuya, wabona ukuthi izitsha zazikhule isikhunta, hhayi amagciwane, kodwa ezifile. Waqaphela ukuthi lesi sikhunta sasikhipha uhlobo oluthile lwekhemikhali olubulala amagciwane.
Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa into ebulala amagciwane kuleyo sikhunta, ukuyihlanza, nokuyenza umuthi. Kodwa ekugcineni yaphumelela, futhi yaqala ukusetshenziswa emphakathini ngo-1946. Lokho kutholwa kwaba ukuqala kwama-penicillin esiwasebenzisa namuhla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Penicillin iyi-antibiotic enikezwa kuphela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane . Ayisebenzi emikhuhlaneni ebangelwa amagciwane.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise imithi efana ne-penicillin wedwa ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela .
- Qedela yonke inkambo yemithi oyinikezwe udokotela. Ungayeki phakathi ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuvuvukala kobuso ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
- Uma uphuza imithi yezinye izifo, noma uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-penicillin.
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