Isixazululo samatshe amakhulu ezinso: Incazelo elula yokuhlinzwa kwe-PCNL (i-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)

Amatshe ezinso ayinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abangela ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki. Amatshe amancane avame ukudlula emchameni ngemva kokuphuza amanzi amaningi nokuphuza umuthi owunikezwe udokotela. Kodwa amanye amatshe makhulu kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhethekile nokuphumelelayo kakhulu odokotela abancomayo lapho kungenakukwazi ukususwa ngezinye izindlela.

Kalula nje, iyini i-PCNL?

Igama eliphelele le-PCNL yi- Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy . Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, incazelo ilula kakhulu.

• "I-Percutaneous" isho ukuthi "ngokusebenzisa isikhumba."
• Igama elithi "Nephrolithotomy" lisho "ukususwa kwetshe ngokuhlinzwa ezinso."

Kalula nje, i-PCNL inqubo lapho kwenziwa khona ukusikwa okuncane kakhulu emhlane wakho bese kususwa itshe elikhulu ezinso. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa amatshe amakhulu angazange aphathwe ngempumelelo ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengemithi, i-shock wave lithotripsy, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Ingabe i-PCNL iwukuhlinzwa okukhulu?

Yebo, i-PCNL ibhekwa njengokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Akufani nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko. Ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kuhilela ukusikwa okukhulu, okusho ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola futhi kubuhlungu kakhulu.

Kodwa i-PCNL iwukuhlinzwa "okungenasidingo kangako" . Lokho kusho ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane kakhulu, kunomthelela omncane emzimbeni wakho, izinkinga zimbalwa, futhi ungalulama ngokushesha. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kuwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kwenziwa yithimba lodokotela abangochwepheshe esibhedlela.

Ubani ngempela odinga lokhu kuhlinzwa?

Esikhathini esiningi, amatshe ezinso ayaphuma kanye nomchamo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela uzokudlulisela kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezilula. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-PCNL kwenziwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma itshe lezinso likhulu kakhulu: Le ndlela ivame ukuba ngcono kakhulu ekususeni amatshe amakhulu kuno-2 cm.
• Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli: Uma itshe lingakwazi ukususwa ngezindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-shock wave lithotripsy noma i-laser ureteroscopy, okuhilela ukudlulisa ikhamera e-urethra bese kususwa itshe nge-laser.
• Uma itshe lisendaweni eyinkimbinkimbi: Uma itshe lisendaweni enzima ngaphakathi kwenso ukuze lisuswe.

Ake sifunde isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kanjani.

Kuzoba impumuzo enkulu ukwazi kahle ngalolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuba uluhlinzwe. Ake sibheke ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani.

1. Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?

Kuzodingeka ubone udokotela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lapho:

• Isimo sakho sempilo siyahlolwa: izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo ziyalinganiswa.
• Qaphela imithi yakho: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa amavithamini kanye nemithi yamakhambi. Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i-aspirin) , kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho kuqala.
• Sitshele nge-allergies yakho: Qiniseka ukuthi usazisa uma une-allergies kunoma yimuphi umuthi, ukudla, noma yini efana ne-plaster.
• Ukuzila Ukudla: Uzokwaziswa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze lutho ngemva kwamabili ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Uma kufanele uthathe noma yimiphi imithi ebalulekile, ungayiphuza kanye nje namanzi.
• Ukuhlolwa: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze i -'CT (computed tomography) scan', i-'Ultrasound scan', noma i-'X-ray' ukuze ubone indawo eqondile kanye nosayizi wetshe lezinso.

2. Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa yithimba lodokotela abangochwepheshe, udokotela wezinzwa, kanye nabasebenzi bobuhlengikazi.

• I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, uzofakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, futhi uzolala ubuthongo obuphelele.
• Indawo: Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ulele ngesisu sakho (indawo ethambekele) embhedeni. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela izinso ngemuva.
• Ukusikwa okuncane: Uchwepheshe uzokwenza ukusikwa okuncane, okungaba yisentimitha elilodwa, emhlane wakho, lapho kukhona khona izinso zakho.
• Ukufakwa kwensimbi: Ngokusika, kufakwa ipayipi elivikelayo (umgoqo) enso. Bese kufakwa ikhamera encane (i-nephroscope) ngepayipi bese itshe elingaphakathi kwenso libukwa esikrinini.
• Ukususwa kwetshe: Uma itshe lincane, likhishwa ngethuluzi elifanayo. Uma itshe likhulu, kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser noma idivayisi ekhethekile yokudlidliza ethi ``lithotripter`` ukuphula itshe libe yizicucu ezincane nokususa lezo zicucu.
• Ukufakwa kwepayipi: Ngemva kokuba itshe selisusiwe ngokuphelele, ipayipi elincane (ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi) noma i- ureteral stent ingafakwa esinyeni ukuze kuvunyelwe umchamo negazi kuphume ezinso. Lokhu kusiza inxeba ukuthi liphilise.
• Ukuthunga: Ekugcineni, ukusikwa okuncane okwenziwe ngemuva kuvalwa ngezitishi.

Le nqubo yonke ivameKungathatha cishe amahora amabili kuya kwamane.

3. Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ngemva kokuphela kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wezinzwa uzoyeka ukunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa. Kancane kancane uzobuya uqaphile ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa.

• Igumbi Lokululama: Uzoqala uyiswe egumbini lokululama, lapho impilo yakho izoqashwa khona ngokucophelela.
• Ukulawulwa Kobuhlungu: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu ngemva kokuthola ingqondo ephinde yavuka. Abasebenzi bobuhlengikazi bazokunikeza amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu ukuze bakusize ngalokhu.
• Ukuhlala esibhedlela: Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe usuku lonke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, odokotela bazoqapha ukululama kwakho.
• Igazi emchameni: Kujwayelekile ukuba negazi elincane emchameni wakho isonto elilodwa noma amabili ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ungakhathazeki ngakho.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zokuhlinzwa kwe-PCNL?

Njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, lokhu kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane.

Izinzuzo:

• Amandla okususa cishe ngokuphelele amatshe amakhulu ezinso angenakususwa ngezinye izindlela.
• Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okunezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lempumelelo eliphakathi kuka-75% - 98%.
• Ukusikwa kuncane kunasekuhlinzweni okuvulekile, ngakho-ke inxeba liphola ngokushesha.
• Isikhathi esincane sokuchitha esibhedlela.

Izingozi:

Nakuba lezi ziyizinto ezingavamile kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuziqaphela.

• Izingozi ezihambisana nokubulala izinzwa.
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa.
• Ukopha ngokweqile.
• Ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi `(hematoma)`.
• Umonakalo othile ezinso.
• Ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukususa itshe lonke.
• Ukutheleleka okukhulu komgudu womchamo (i-Sepsis).

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zithathwe ekhaya?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ukululama ngokugcwele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umzimba wakho uphumule phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

• Gwema ukuphakamisa izinsimbi: Ungaphakamisi lutho olusinda ngaphezu kwesisindo selitha lobisi (cishe ama-4 kg) amasonto amabili .
• Ukuzivocavoca: Gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima isikhashana.
• Ukubuyela emsebenzini: Uma unomsebenzi wasehhovisi, ungabuyela emsebenzini cishe ngesonto. Kodwa-ke, uma umsebenzi wakho udinga ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, kungcono ukuthatha okungenani amasonto amabili ekhefu.

Ngidinga ukubona udokotela maduze!

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungazinaki. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.

Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho futhi emasontweni amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze ahlolwe.