Ushintsho ekukhuleni kwengane yakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

Ingabe ingane yakho encane iyanqikaza kancane ukujoyina nokudlala nezinye izingane? Noma wake wazizwa sengathi ikuthola kunzima ukuveza imizwa yayo ngamazwi? Ngezinye izikhathi, njengomama noma ubaba, uma ubona izinto ezincane ezinjengalezi, kuyinto evamile ukuthi uzizwe wesaba futhi usola kancane. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.

Kuyini i-Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)?

Kalula nje, i-Pervasive Developmental Disorder , evame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi "PDD", igama elalisetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule ukuchaza ukubambezeleka okuningana kokukhula okuthinta ikhono lengane lokuzihlanganisa nabanye, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuxhumana nabanye.

Kodwa, kuhle ukwazi. Odokotela manje babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-Autism Spectrum Disorder , noma i-ASD ngamafuphi. Igama lashintsha ngo-2013. I-American Psychiatric Association (i-American Psychiatric Association) yaletha izimo ezine ezazihlukene ngaphambili ngaphansi kwesambulela esisodwa encwadini yabo yokuxilonga, i-DSM-5. Lezi zimo ezine yilezi:

• Isifo se-Autistic
• I-Asperger's syndrome
• Isifo sokuwohloka kobuntwana
• Isifo sokuthuthukiswa esisakazekile esingachazwanga ngenye indlela (PDD-NOS)

Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukuthi `(PDD)` manje isiyingxenye yesigaba esibanzi `(ASD)`. Kodwa-ke, kulo lonke lesi sihloko, sizosebenzisa kokubili `(PDD)` kanye `(ASD)` ukuze kube lula ngawe ukuqonda.

Izingane ezinale ``(PDD)`` zingase zibhekane nezinselele ezahlukene. Isibonelo:

• Ukuphuza ukukhuluma, noma ukuba nobunzima bokuveza imibono.
• Uma kukhona ushintsho oluncane endleleni yabo yokuphila yansuku zonke, kungaba yindlela yabo yokuphila noma indawo abahlala kuyo, kungaba nzima ngabo ukujwayela. Cabanga nje, uma ubayisa esikoleni ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo abavame ukuyihamba, bangase bacasuke.
• Ubunzima bokuxhumana nabanye nokuqonda imizwa yabo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo se-PDD?

Eqinisweni, i-PDD ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu esigabeni se-ASD. Kuphela ama-47% alabo abatholakale bene-ASD kuthiwa bawela kulesi sigaba.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-PDD?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezingane ezine-PDD ubunzima bokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabanye . Zingase zibhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukwenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe: Izinto ezifana nokuvayiza izingalo zakho, ukunyakazisa umzimba wakho emuva naphambili, noma ukudlala ngethoyizi elifanayo ngendlela efanayo.
• Ubunzima bokuveza imibono ngolimi:Ezinye izingane zinobunzima bokubhala amagama, kanti ezinye zithatha isikhathi eside ukuqala ukukhuluma.
• Kungaba nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko emikhubeni yansuku zonke: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zingaba nomthelela omkhulu kuzo.
• Ukugwema ukubheka emehlweni: Ukubheka eceleni noma ukungabheki emehlweni uma ukhuluma.
• Ubunzima bokuhlanganyela engxoxweni: Ukuphuza ukuphendula lapho othile ebuza umbuzo, noma ukuba nobunzima bokuqala noma ukuqhubeka nengxoxo.
• Ubunzima bokulawula imizwa yakho: ukuthukuthela kalula, noma ukuzizwa udabuke noma ukhathazekile.
• Ukushintsha kwephimbo: Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhuluma ngezwi elifanayo ('izwi eliyisicaba'), noma ukukhuluma ngezwi eliphakeme kakhulu.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezine-PDD ezifanayo. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zingase zithinteke kakhulu. Iningi labantu liwela phakathi nendawo.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-PDD?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eyodwa ye-PDD. Kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi ibangelwa yinhlanganisela yezici. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kwe-PDD. Kodwa basazama ukuthola ukuthi kanjani ngqo. Abantu abaningi abane-PDD banezinguquko ezithile ezakhi zofuzo zabo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-gene mutations . Eqinisweni, ososayensi bathole izakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kwe-100 kuma-chromosome ahlukene axhumene ne-ASD ngandlela thile. Kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-PDD onezinguquko ezifanayo kuzo zonke izakhi zofuzo zakhe. Futhi, ezinye zalezi zinguquko zingatholakala kubantu abangenayo i-PDD. Iningi labacwaningi manje liyavuma ukuthi izinguquko ezithile zezakhi zofuzo zingabangela izimpawu ezithile noma zilawule ukuthi lezo zimpawu zinzima kangakanani. Okungenani, lezi zinguquko zingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-PDD.

• Izici Zemvelo: Ake sithi unesifo sofuzo sokuthuthukisa i-PDD. Khona-ke, ukuchayeka ezicini ezithile zemvelo kungandisa le ngozi. Isibonelo, uma une-mutation ethile yezakhi zofuzo, unesifo, noma ubhekene nobuthi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-PDD.

• I-Biology: Abacwaningi basabheka izici zebhayoloji ezingase zandise ingozi ye-PDD. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izimo ezithinta i-metabolism yakho, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, noma izingxenye ezithile zobuchopho.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-PDD?

Isici esiyingozi yinto ekhulisa amathuba okuba nesimo esithile. Ochwepheshe bathole izici eziningana ezinjalo eziyingozi ze-PDD:

• Ukuba nomfowenu noma udadewenu one-PDD noma olunye uhlobo lwe-ASD.
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo, njenge -X syndrome ebuthakathaka noma i-Down syndrome .
• Iminyaka yabazali ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 (ikakhulukazi iminyaka kamama - 'iminyaka yomama ethuthukile').
• Ukuzalwa unesisindo esincane kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-PDD?

Nakuba wonke umuntu one-PDD enezinselele zakhe ezihlukile, ubukhulu bezimpawu bungahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izingane ezine-PDD zingakhuluma ngendlela evamile, kanti ezinye zingase zingakhulumi lutho. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi hlobo luni losizo ingane yakho eludingayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zengane yakho.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-PDD?

Akukho ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuqondile noma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okungaxilonga i-PDD. Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela babheka ukuziphatha komuntu futhi babheke umlando wokukhula kwakhe.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics incoma ukuthi zonke izingane zihlolwe i-ASD phakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-18 nezingu-24 ubudala. Odokotela abaningi benza lokhu kuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabo okuvamile kokukhula kanye nokuphila kahle. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma futhi adlale nengane yakho. Bazokubuza nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingane yakho iziphatha kanjani, ikhuluma kanjani, futhi ihamba kanjani ekhaya.

Nakuba lokhu kuxilonga kuvame ukwenziwa ebuntwaneni, odokotela bangakwazi ukuxilonga i-PDD kanye ne-ASD ezinganeni ezindala, intsha, kanye nabantu abadala. Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba ne-PDD noma isimo esihlobene, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakuhlola noma akuthumele kuchwepheshe we-ASD.

Iphathwa kanjani i-PDD?

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ukwelapha i-PDD. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo
• Imithi
• Imithi eyengeziwe

Izinketho zokwelapha zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Okusebenza komunye umuntu kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Izidingo zawo wonke umuntu zihlukile. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nawe oluzokusiza wena noma ingane yakho ukuthi ithole usizo eludinga kakhulu.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-PDD ukunakekelwa okusekelayo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lokukhulumisana nokuqonda amagama.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kusiza ekuqiniseni ukuhlangana komzimba nokufunda imisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokugeza, ukugqoka, nokuxubha amazinyo.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okunyakaza komzimba, ukufunda ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokwandisa amandla.
• Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusebenzayo (i-ABA): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha yokuziphatha ezama ukwandisa ukuziphatha okuhle nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi.

Imithi

Ayikho imithi engayilapha ngqo i-PDD. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abane-PDD banezinye izimo, njenge -ADHD , ukukhathazeka , kanye nokucindezeleka . Ezimweni ezinjalo, imithi ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo.

Imithi eyengeziwe

Imithi eyengeziwe ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezingezona ezendabuko kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile. Lokhu kungafaka izinto eziningi, njenge:

• Ukwelapha ngobuciko
• Ukwelashwa ngomculo
• Ukuhlikihla
• Ukwelashwa nge-acupuncture
• I-Yoga
• Ukuzindla

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezengeziwe ezingathuthukisa impilo yakho yonke kanye nenhlalakahle yakho.

Ingabe i-PDD ingavinjelwa?

Cha. Akukho ongakwenza ukuvimbela i-PDD noma esinye isimo esiwela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-ASD. Ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninayo akusho ukuthi nenze noma yini engalungile. Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza abantu babe ne-PDD, futhi akukho neyodwa yazo engaphansi kolawulo lwakho. Futhi, abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi ukugonywa kwabantwana kubangela i-PDD noma i-ASD.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha i-PDD ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukungenelela kusenesikhathi . Kodwa akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala ukwelashwa, njengoba ukwelashwa kungaba wusizo kunoma yimuphi ubudala.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ine-PDD noma isimo esifanayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokukhula. Uzokutshela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho kuyinto evamile yini nokuthi udinga ukubona uchwepheshe ukuze ahlolwe okwengeziwe.

Uma ungumuntu omdala futhi ucabanga ukuthi unesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-PDD noma i-ASD, cela usizo kudokotela womndeni wakho noma kudokotela wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko. Njengoba ulwazi oluningi nge-ASD selukhulile, kunezinsiza eziningi nokusekelwa okutholakalayo namuhla kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule. Akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuthola ukwesekwa okudingayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nguwe noma ingane yakho, ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokukhula kungaba yinto eyesabekayo—njengokungena ezweni elisha. Noma kungaba impumuzo ekugcineni ukuthola impendulo yombuzo obulokhu uzibuza wona isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho ukhona ukuze akusize. Ochwepheshe bazi okuningi nge-ASD namuhla kunaseminyakeni eyishumi noma emibili edlule.

Ngamafuphi, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Abantu abane-ASD babona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile kancane – kodwa lokho akuyona into embi. Ukudala isakhiwo esithile, noma ukuhleleka, empilweni yakho yansuku zonke kuyindlela enhle yokuzisekela. Kuyindlela enhle futhi yokubonisa ingane yakho ukuthi uyayithanda ngendlela eyiyo.

Ungakhathazeki. Awuwedwa. Uma usola ukuthi une-PDD noma i-ASD, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikusasa lengane yakho. Khumbula, yonke ingane iyigugu, futhi singasiza yonke ingane ukuthi ifinyelele amandla ayo aphelele.

Isifo Sokuthuthuka Esisakazekile, i-PDD, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, i-ASD, iNtuthuko Yengane, iNtuthuko Yobuchopho, Amakhono Okuxhumana, Ubunzima Bokuxhumana, Amathonya Ezakhi Zofuzo, Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha