Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa unesiyezi ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu? Ingabe uyaluma kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugeza okushisayo? Ingabe uzwa ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho? Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile futhi sizishaye indiva. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu ezincane, kungase kube nesimo esingakazwa kakhulu ngaso futhi okufanele sikhathazeke ngaso. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esisodwa esinjalo. Leso yi -Polycythemia Vera , noma i-PV ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, iyini i-polycythemia vera (PV)?
Kalula nje, i-polycythemia vera (PV) iyisifo segazi emizimbeni yethu. Ibangela imizimba yethu ukuthi ikhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu . Manje ungase ucabange, "Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu alungele umzimba, ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma sikhiqiza amaningi kakhulu?" Yileyo inkinga.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kukhona umgwaqo ongathwala inani elithile lezimoto. Bekungenzekani uma ubeka izimoto eziningi ngokuphindwe kayinkulungwane kulowo mgwaqo kunalezo ezingathwala? Umgwaqo wonke ubuzovinjwa, futhi izimoto ngeke zikwazi ukuhamba, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Uma kunamaseli egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu, igazi lethu liyaqina . Njengento okufanele ibe njalo amanzi ayaqina njengoju.
Lokhu kuqina kwegazi kubangela ukuthi igazi ligeleze kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi . Uma lokhu kuqhekeka kwegazi kuhamba liye enhliziyweni, kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, futhi uma kuhamba liye ebuchosheni, kungabangela isifo sohlangothi. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa kungabangela nezimpawu ezicasulayo ezifana nokulunywa okuqhubekayo, ukukhala ezindlebeni, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, kanye nokungaboni kahle.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi yisimo esingamahlalakhona, esihlala isikhathi eside esingenakwelashwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungalawula lezi zimpawu, unciphise izingozi zakho, futhi uphile impilo ejwayelekile.
Ingabe lo mdlavuza ngempela? Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke?
Lo mbuzo uyinto abantu abaningi abanayo. Yebo, i-polycythemia vera uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi. Ngokwezokwelapha, siwubiza ngokuthi i-Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) .
Manje, uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," sesaba kakhulu. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa kudingeka siqonde ukuthi akuwona wonke umdlavuza ofanayo. Eminye ikhula ngokushesha futhi inolaka. Kodwa i-PV uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula kancane kakhulu . Lokho kusho ukuthi ayibi nolaka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo sitholakala ngemva kweminyaka engama-60.
Esikhundleni sokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo ngokwaso, ingozi inkulu ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi olubangelwa amahlule egazi, esixoxe ngakho ekuqaleni. Futhi, akuvamile kakhulu, lesi simo singaphenduka sibe olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olubi kakhulu. Kodwa lokho kwenzeka emaphesentini amancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, yize kubizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza," lesi yisimo esingaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele.
Lesi sifo siyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu futhi yiziphi izingozi?
Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwanda kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuthinta kanjani izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wethu.
- Ukujiya kwegazi: Lena inkinga eyinhloko. Lapho igazi lijiya, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Futhi, ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yomzimba ethambile kuyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitho zethu nezicubu zithola umoya-mpilo omncane .
- Ukusebenza Kakhulu Kwe-Spleen: Omunye wemisebenzi yesitho somzimba wethu esibizwa ngokuthi i-spleen ukuhlunga amangqamuzana egazi amadala, onakele. Manje, lapho kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kangaka, i-spleen iyagcwala ngokweqile. Kufana nokuzama ukuhlunga ukungcola okuningi ngesihlungi esisodwa bese sivaleka. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi i-spleen ivuvuke. Sikubiza ngokuthi i-spleenmegaly . Khona-ke ungase uzizwe usinda futhi ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesisu sakho.
Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izingozi nezinkinga eziyinhloko zalesi simo se-PV.
| Ingozi/Inkinga | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Amahlule egazi | Lena ingozi enkulu nesheshayo . Uma ihlule legazi liya ebuchosheni, lingabangela isifo sohlangothi, uma liya enhliziyweni, lingabangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, futhi uma libhajwa emaphashini, lingabangela i-pulmonary embolism. |
| Izimo Zesibili | Uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazi eqhekeka kakhulu , amazinga e-uric acid emzimbeni ayanda. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu bamalunga njenge-gout namatshe ezinso. Kungandisa ne-acid esiswini futhi kubangele izilonda zesisu. |
| Ukuguqulwa kube eminye imidlavuza yegazi | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kwabanye abantu (iphesenti elincane), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lesi simo singaba umdlavuza wegazi ongathi sína njenge-myelofibrosis noma, ngokungavamile kakhulu, i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). |
Ziyini izimo zalesi sifo?
I-PV ivame ukukhula kancane kancane ezigabeni eziningana.
1. I-PV yokuqala: Kulesi sigaba, abantu abaningi abanazo nhlobo izimpawu . Noma banezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, njengesiyezi nokukhathala. Ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala ngengozi lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesinye isimo.
2. Ukuthuthuka kwe-PV: Izimpawu ziyanda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu ezinjengokulunywa, ukwehla kwesisindo, kanye nokungakhululeki kwesisu ngenxa yokwanda kwe-spleen zingase zivele phakathi nalesi sigaba.
3. Isigaba sokugcina ("Isigaba Esichithwayo"): Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, amangqamuzana angajwayelekile abangela lesi sifo asakazeka kuwo wonke umongo wethu wamathambo, alimaza umongo wamathambo. Umongo wamathambo ufana nefektri lapho kwenziwa khona amangqamuzana ethu egazi. Lapho le fektri yonakele, kwakheka izicubu zesilonda kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amangqamuzana egazi anempilo awakwazi ukwenziwa. Ngokumangazayo, lesi sifo esaqala ngokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu ekugcineni siholela esimweni lapho kungekho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele, okuyi-anemia .
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonakala?
Izimpawu ze-PV zivame ukukhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu bangahlala iminyaka bengenazo izimpawu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izici ezivamile ezivelela kuqala | |
| Izinkinga ezivamile | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukukhathala okukhulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubona okufiphele. |
| Izici ezithile ezingase zivele kamuva | |
| Izinguquko zesikhumba | Ukulunywa okukhulu, ukubomvu, kanye nokuvuvukala kwezandla nezinyawo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokugeza ngamanzi ashisayo . |
| Ezinye izici | Ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku, ubunzima bokuphefumula (ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi), ukuphuma kwegazi emakhaleni kanye nokopha kwezinsini, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki. |
| Izimpawu ezenzeka nezinkinga | |
| I-splenomegaly | Ubuhlungu engxenyeni engenhla kwesobunxele yesisu, ukuqunjelwa, ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane. |
| Ihlule legazi (DVT) | Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, ubuhlungu engalweni noma emlenzeni. |
| I-Gout | Ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokuvuvukala emalungeni, ikakhulukazi uzwane olukhulu. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo esitokisini esiyinhloko emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Kufana nomugqa owodwa wekhodi ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ohamba kabi. Bese lonke uhlelo luphela.
Kunezakhi zofuzo ezitshela amangqamuzana ethu egazi ukuthi akhule. Iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-90% ze-PV zinezakhi zofuzo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-JAK2 . Ngenxa yalesi siqondiso esingalungile, umnkantsha uthola umyalo othi, "Qhubeka wenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ungayeki." Ngakho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhiqizwa ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
Okubalulekile, lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo akuvamile ukutholwa njengefa . Okusho ukuthi, akudluliswa kusuka kumama kuya kuyise. Lokhu kuguquka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila, ngesizathu esingaziwa.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Bese ekwenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), kumele kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso ezintathu ukuze kutholakale i-PV.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu. Kuhlola ukuthi inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazini liphezulu kakhulu yini.
- Amazinga aphezulu e-hemoglobin .
- Ukwanda kwe -hematocrit (iphesenti lamaseli abomvu egazini).
2. I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampula encane kakhulu yomnkantsha ethanjeni lesinqe bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana angajwayelekile emnkantsha.
3. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo noma amazinga ama-hormone:
- Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuguquka kofuzo lwe-JAK2 .
- Noma, babheka izinga le-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin (EPO), ekhiqizwa yizinso. Le hormone inika uphawu kumongo wethambo ukuze wakhe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ku-PV, umzimba uyayeka ukukhiqiza le hormone ngoba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwa wona. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga e-EPO aphansi kakhulu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelapha i-PV. Eyokuqala ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi, kanti enye ukulawula izimpawu ezikhathazayo.
- Ukususwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu. Njengokunikela ngegazi, inani elincane legazi (ngokuvamile cishe iphayinti) lisuswa emzimbeni wakho ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kunganciphisa ubuningi begazi lakho kanye nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi.
- I-aspirin ephansi: Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uthathe iphilisi le-aspirin ephansi nsuku zonke ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungase kungabi yinto efanele uma unezinkinga ezifana nezilonda zesisu.
- Imithi yokwehlisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi: Uma isifo sibi kakhulu noma uma ukumpontshelwa igazi kuphela kunganele, kunikezwa imithi enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-hydroxyurea kanye ne-interferon alfa .
- Ukwelashwa kokuluma: Ama-antihistamine noma eminye imithi ethile inganikezwa ukulawula ukulunywa okukhulu.
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ufuna ukwelashwa kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
Ngingaphila kanjani kahle nalesi sifo?
Uma usuwazi ukuthi unalesi sifo, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uphile naso.
- Bona udokotela wakho njalo: Yiya emitholampilo ngesikhathi, uhlolwe igazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho aqaphe isimo sakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca okulingene kungasiza ekugcineni ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kunciphisa imithambo yegazi, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Gwema izindawo ezinezinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo: Izindawo eziphakeme njengeziqongo zezintaba zinezinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo. Gwema ukuya ezindaweni ezinjalo.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi: Ukugcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo kungasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungandisa ukujiya kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, phuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke.
Nakuba i-PV ingumdlavuza, abantu abaningi baphila kahle amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuxilongwa ukuthi banalesi sifo. Usongo olukhulu yizinkinga ezivela ekuqhekekeni kwegazi, kunokuba kube umdlavuza uqobo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina ubuhlobo obuvamile nodokotela wakho nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kubaluleke njengokwelashwa kwalesi sifo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Polycythemia vera (PV) umdlavuza wegazi okhula kancane obangela ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu.
- Ungesabi igama elithi "umdlavuza." Ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enempilo amashumi eminyaka.
- Ingozi enkulu nesheshayo yalesi sifo amahlule egazi, abangelwa ukuqina kwegazi. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukulunywa okukhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo, kanye nesiyezi ngemva kokugeza ngamanzi ashisayo.
- Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukususwa kwegazi (i-phlebotomy) ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nemithi yokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi uthole izivivinyo nokwelashwa okufanele.
- Ukugwema ukubhema, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni lesi sifo.
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