Ingabe inhliziyo ayitholi igazi elanele? Ake sifunde nge-NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uqinile esifubeni sakho, umuzwa ongajwayelekile, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula? Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yesifo sohudo. Kodwa akuhlali kunjalo. Kungaba yinkinga yenhliziyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo olunjalo, okuyisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-NSTEMI.

Kuyini i-NSTEMI? Kalula nje...

I-NSTEMI uhlobo lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yenhliziyo yakho ingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Cabanga nje, njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu, inhliziyo idinga umoya-mpilo egazini ukuze isebenze. Kulapho lokho kunikezwa komoya-mpilo kuphazamiseka khona lapho izinkinga ziqala khona.

Ithola igama layo ngoba, njengolunye uhlobo olukhulu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, i-STEMI, akukho shintsho olukhulu olusobala emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo oluvela ku-ECG. Kodwa-ke, kuseyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela impilo . Ngakho-ke uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlela noma ushayele i-ambulensi ngokushesha. Ukuhlehlisa ukwelashwa kungabangela ukulimala kwenhliziyo okungapheli noma ngisho nokufa.

Kungani lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-NSTEMI?

Ngokwezokwelapha, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kubizwa ngokuthi ``Myocardial Infarction''. ``Infarction'' kusho ukuthi ingxenye yomzimba ilahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi bese leyo ngxenye iqala ukufa. ``Myocardial'' kusho okuthile okuhlobene nemisipha yenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ingatholi igazi elanele, leyo ngxenye iqala ukungasebenzi kahle.

Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yethu ungabonakala kalula ngokuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi ``Electrocardiogram'' noma ``ECG''. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile, ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukunamathisela izinzwa ezincane ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Lokhu kukhombisa isimo segagasi likagesi lenhliziyo ephepheni noma emonitha. Kunezingxenye ezahlukene zalesi simo segagasi, eziqanjwe ngamagama anjengo-P, Q, R, S, T.

Ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo yi-STEMI, ingxenye yalolu hlobo lwe-wave olubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba se-ST" ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamazinga ajwayelekile. Lokhu kuyichaza ngokusobala njenge-STEMI. I-STEMI ivame ukwenzeka lapho umthambo omkhulu wenhliziyo ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni uvalekile ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, ku-NSTEMI, akukho ukuphakama okuphawulekayo kwe-`(isigaba se-ST)`. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezincane zingabonakala ku-`ECG`, kodwa akucaci kahle njengaku-STEMI. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izivivinyo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwegazi, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-NSTEMI. Kulokhu, kukhona ukuvaleka okuyingxenye komthambo wenhliziyo, hhayi ukuvaleka okuphelele, noma ukuvaleka komthambo omncane osuka emthanjeni oyinhloko.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-NSTEMI? (Izici eziyingozi)

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingaba nomthelela esifweni senhliziyo. Ezinye zazo singazilawula, kodwa ezinye asinakuzishintsha.

Izinto esingazishintsha:

Lezi yizinto ezihlobene nendlela yethu yokuphila.

• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Lokhu kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zenhliziyo.
• Ukudla:Izinto esizidlayo nesiziphuzayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunosawoti omningi (okungakhuphula umfutho wegazi), ushukela (okufaka isandla kushukela), kanye namafutha/amafutha (okubangela i-cholesterol).
• Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Lokho kusho ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni: Ikakhulukazi izinto ezivuselelayo, njenge-amphetamines ne-cocaine, ezithinta inhliziyo.

Izinto esingenakuzishintsha:

• Ubudala: Ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo senhliziyo kunabesifazane. Ingozi iyanda kwabesilisa ngemva kweminyaka engu-45, kanti kwabesifazane ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-50 (noma ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini).
• Umlando womndeni: Uma ubaba noma umfowenu enesifo senhliziyo noma ehlaselwe yinhliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-55, noma umama noma udadewenu ehlaselwe yinhliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-65, nawe usengozini enkulu.
• Izimo zokuzalwa noma zofuzo: Ezinye izifo zofuzo noma izimo zokuzalwa nazo zingandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Ivame kangakanani i-NSTEMI?

Empeleni, i-NSTEMI, eyingxenye yeqembu lezifo zenhliziyo elibizwa ngokuthi `(Acute Coronary Syndrome)`, yisimo esivame ukubonakala emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nasezweni lakithi eSri Lanka. Ngokwezibalo zaseMelika, ama-70% kuphela eziguli ezitholakale zine-`(Acute Coronary Syndrome)` ayiziguli ze-NSTEMI. Lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka sikhathazeke ngalokhu.

Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi se-NSTEMI?

I-NSTEMI ingenye yezinkinga ezikulesi sigaba esibanzi esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Acute Coronary Syndrome." Ezinye izinkinga kulesi sigaba zifaka phakathi i-STEMI kanye ne-"Unstable Angina" (i-angina engazinzile - ubuhlungu besifuba obuvela ngisho nalapho uphumule, kodwa obungebukhulu njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo).

Uma inhliziyo ingatholi igazi elidingekayo, kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Ischemia". Kalula nje, ingxenye yenhliziyo entula igazi iqala ukufa. Ngokungafani neminye imisipha, amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo awakwazi ukuphinda avuseleleke uma esefile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba ukugeleza kwegazi kubuyiselwe ngokushesha, umonakalo uhlala unomphela.

Kungaba nezimbangela eziningana eziqondile nezingaqondile ze-NSTEMI.

Izimbangela ezinciphisa ngqo ukunikezwa kwegazi enhliziyweni:

• Ukwakheka kwe-plaque: Lokhu kuyizinto ezifakwe i-wax ezenziwe nge-cholesterol egazini lethu. Njengoba nje i-drain evalekile inciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, i-plaque ingavimba imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye enhliziyweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho i-plaque iqhuma, kwakheka i-blood clot phezu kwayo, ivimbe i-artery ngokuqhubekayo noma ngokuphelele phakathi nemizuzu noma amahora.
• 'I-Vasospasm':Imithambo yethu yegazi inesendlalelo semisipha ebushelelezi ngaphakathi esilawula ukunwebeka nokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi. Njengomsipha onyakazayo emlenzeni, lesendlalelo semisipha emithanjeni yenhliziyo singaqina futhi sinciphe ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-vasospasm". Lokhu kungavimba ukuhamba kwegazi futhi kubangele ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa lokhu kuyinto engavamile.
• I-Coronary Embolism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheke kwenye indawo libhajwa emthanjeni enhliziyweni. Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu.

Ukulimala noma ukulimala kwenhliziyo:

Ngisho noma inhliziyo iphephile ngaphakathi kwesifuba sethu, ngezinye izikhathi ingalimala.

• I-Myocarditis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuthinta imisipha yenhliziyo.
• Ubuthi: Obunye ubuthi bungalimaza imisipha yenhliziyo futhi bubangele ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Isibonelo ubuthi be-`(Carbon Monoxide)`.
• `Ukuqunjelwa Kwenhliziyo`: Lokhu kuyinhliziyo elimele. Lokhu kungenzeka engozini enkulu, njengengozi yemoto. Lokhu futhi akuvamile.

Izizathu ezingaqondile:

Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima, ngakho-ke idinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, kodwa ayikwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo owanele.

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu (`Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu` noma `Isimo Esiphuthumayo Somfutho wegazi`) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu (`Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu`): Uma umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze ipompe igazi. Uma umfutho wegazi uphezulu kakhulu, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ngenxa yokumelana emithanjeni yegazi. Kuzo zombili izimo, inhliziyo idinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.
• I-Tachycardia: Uma inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu, ayipompi igazi kahle. Imisipha yenhliziyo idinga nomoya-mpilo owengeziwe ukuze isebenze ngaleso sivinini.
• I-Aortic Stenosis: Lokhu kuwukuncishiswa kwevalvu eyinhloko ethwala igazi liphume enhliziyweni (ivalvu ye-aortic). Uma lokhu kuba nzima, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi ngevalvu encishisiwe.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi libhajwa emthanjeni wegazi oholela emaphashini. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi lifinyelele emaphashini bese libuyela enhliziyweni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-NSTEMI?

Umuntu onesifo senhliziyo angase abe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esifubeni (i-Angina): Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi isifuba sakho siyaqina, siyasinda, noma sinciphile.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Kungase kuzwakale sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula noma ukuminyana.
• Isicanucanu, ukucasuka kwesisu: Abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu besisu noma i-gastritis.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Ungase uzizwe umuzwa ongavamile njengokungathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, yeqa ukushaya, noma ima ngokuzumayo.
• Isiyezi(Ukudinwa), ukuquleka, uzizwa sengathi usuzoquleka.

Okubalulekile: Lezi zimpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nophawu olulodwa kuphela, kanti abanye bangase babe neziningana. Ubukhulu bobuhlungu bungahlukahluka.

Izimpawu ezizwakala kakhulu ngabesifazane:

Nakuba abesifazane nabo bengase babe nezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi baphambanise ukungakhululeki okuphakathi kwesifuba sabo ne-gastritis. Baphinde babike nezimpawu ezengeziwe ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukuqwasha ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ubuhlungu busakazekela emhlathini, entanyeni, emahlombe, ezingalweni (ikakhulukazi engalweni yesobunxele), emaphakathi nomhlane, noma esiswini.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

Udokotela uxilonga i-NSTEMI ngokuhlanganisa izivivinyo eziningana nolwazi oluvela esigulini. Ku-NSTEMI, izimpawu kanye nezinguquko ze-ECG azicaci njengaku-STEMI, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubheka konke lokhu ndawonye.

Okokuqala, udokotela uzokuxilonga, alalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho, bese ehlola umfutho wegazi lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazobuza "ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha," njengendlela yakho yokuphila, umlando womndeni, kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.

Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-NSTEMI:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG): Lolu ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu kokuthola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ku-STEMI, ingxenye ye-ST iphakeme. Nakuba kungekho shintsho olukhulu kangaka ku-NSTEMI, izinguquko ezilandelayo zingabonakala (kodwa hhayi njalo):
• `(I-ST-elevation yesikhashana)`: `(Ingxenye ye-ST)` iyaphakama isikhashana bese ibuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.
• `(ST-depression)`: `(ST segment)` iba ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile.
• `(Ukuguqulwa okusha kwe-T-wave)`: I-`(T-wave)` (igagasi elivame ukugoba phezulu) ku-`ECG` libonakala ligobile phansi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Uma amangqamuzana emisipha yenhliziyo onakele, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(Troponin)` (Troponin) ikhishwa egazini. Ukulinganisa izinga `(Troponin)` egazini kuyindlela ethembekile kakhulu yokuthola noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (kufaka phakathi i-NSTEMI). Kodwa-ke, kungathatha amahora amaningana (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-6) ukuthi izinga `(Troponin)` egazini lifinyelele ezingeni elihlolwayo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kungadingeka kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma ezinye izivivinyo zingaphelele, lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwezithombe nazo zingasiza.
• I-Echocardiography: Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kuwusizo kakhulu emakamelweni ezimo eziphuthumayo ngoba kungenziwa eceleni kombhede.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Lokhu kusebenzisa ama-X-ray ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ngokujova uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi idayi yokungafani. Lokhu kungabonisa ngokucacile ama-plaque deposits kanye nokuvinjelwa emithanjeni yenhliziyo.
• Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI):Izithombe ezicacile kakhulu zenhliziyo zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa insimu enamandla yamagnetic.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-NSTEMI?

Ukwelapha noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuwumjaho ophikisana nesikhathi. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi okusheshayo kubuyiselwa emthanjeni wegazi ovinjiwe, kulapho umonakalo omncane uzokwenzeka enhliziyweni.

• Umoya-mpilo: Uma izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini liphansi, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo.
• Ukungenelela Kwenhliziyo Okuhamba Ngesicubu (PCI): Yilokhu abantu abaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "i-stent." Kule nqubo, udokotela wenhliziyo ufaka ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) ngomthambo omkhulu engalweni noma emlenzeni wakho bese elifaka emthanjeni ovalekile enhliziyweni yakho. Bese kuba khona ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwethubhu elivuvukele ukuze kwandiswe indawo evalekile. Ngokuvamile, kufakwa i-stent (idivayisi efana ne-mesh) ukuze kuvinjwe indawo evalekile futhi. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle.
• Imithi: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi enikezwa umuntu onesifo senhliziyo (eminye inikezwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unesifo).
• I-aspirin noma eminye imithi yokulwa nama-platelet: Lokhu kuvimbela ama-platelet egazini ukuthi angahlangani futhi akhe ama-blood clots. Lokhu kuvimbela i-clot ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu.
• Ama-Anticoagulant: Lawa avimbela nokujiya kwegazi, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile.
• Izithibi ze-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE): Le mithi ivimba ukukhiqizwa kweprotheni ekhulisa umfutho wegazi. Lokhu kwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi inikezwe abantu abanesifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, izinkinga zezinso, noma isifo sikashukela.
• Ama-Beta-blocker: Lawa anciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi anciphise amandla inhliziyo ephampa ngawo. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo elidingwa yinhliziyo ngoba umsebenzi enhliziyweni uyancipha. Kodwa-ke, lawa angase angafaneleki kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophansi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma ezinye izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo (arrhythmias).
• I-Nitroglycerin: Lo muthi usebenza ngokwandisa imithambo yegazi nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, usebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlungwini zesifuba.
• Ama-statin: Lawa anciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini futhi anciphisa ingozi yokunqwabelana kwama-plaque emithanjeni yenhliziyo.
• Ukufakelwa Kwemithambo Yenhliziyo Enemithambo Yenhliziyo (i-CABG): Ngezinye izikhathi, uma imithambo engaphezu kweyodwa enhliziyweni yakho ivalekile kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile". Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo uthatha umthambo wegazi kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (njengomlenze wakho noma ingaphakathi lesifuba sakho) bese ewuhambisa kabusha uzungeze umthambo ovalekile enhliziyweni yakho. Igazi lingabe selidlula indawo evalekile.

Singakwazi yini ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Yebo, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma okungenani ukukuhlehlisa.Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe ngokuphelele ngokwezokwelapha/ukuvakashelwa impilo enhle.

Izifo eziningi, njengomfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo sikashukela, azibonisi izimpawu kuze kube yilapho sezithuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele, lezi zimo ziyaqhubeka nokulimaza inhliziyo kanye nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimo zingabonakala kalula kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okulula okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa konyaka. Uma kukhona inkinga enjalo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza iseluleko nesiqondiso esidingekayo.

Ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yilezi:

• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo (udokotela wakho angancoma ukudla okukufanele, isibonelo, ukudla kwaseMedithera).
• Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba (okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzilolonga ngamandla aphakathi ngesonto).
• Gcina izimo zakho zezokwelapha ezikhona (njengomfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol) zilawulwa. Uma uthatha imithi yazo, zithathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Uma usebenzisa ugwayi (kufaka phakathi ugwayi, ama-beedis, ama-cigarettes, kanye ne-vaping), ukuyeka ugwayi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Ngeshwa, abanye abantu basenokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini enkulu ngenxa yomlando womndeni noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, ungalibazisa ukuqala kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unciphise ubukhali bayo uma unayo. Futhi, ukuhlala uphilile kungenza kube lula ukululama ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Kuzodingeka ngihlale isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela?

Ubude besikhathi ozohlala esibhedlela buxhomeke ezintweni eziningana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubukhali bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa olutholile. Ngokuvamile ungase uhlale izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ukwelashwa okufana ne-PCI (ukufakwa kwe-stent) kungathatha isikhathi esincane, kanti ukuhlinzwa kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Uzozizwa ungcono nini?

Izimpawu zakho kufanele ziqale ukuthuthuka njengoba uthola ukwelashwa. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhathele futhi bebuthakathaka kancane ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kodwa lokhu kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi udinga ukuphumula okungakanani nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze akusize ululame.

Iyini imbono ngemva kwe-NSTEMI?

Indlela ozozizwa ngayo ngemva kwe-NSTEMI incike ezintweni eziningana. Ubunzima bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nempilo yakho iyonke kuzodlala indima enkulu. Udokotela wakho angachaza kangcono ukuthi yini ongayilindela, yini okufanele uyiqaphele, nokuthi yini okufanele uyigweme.

Yini enye ongayilindela ngemva kwe-NSTEMI?

Uma wake waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye, amathuba akho okuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ayanda. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvimbele okunye ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo,Ukunakekelwa okulandela njalo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-`(imaging)`: Ukuqapha indlela inhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimbela okunye ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwenhliziyo: Lezi izinhlelo ezikusiza ukuthi uthuthukise impilo yakho ngokuzilolonga, okuqondiswa odokotela. Ochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengochwepheshe bezokudla kanye nabafundisi bokuzivocavoca, bayakusiza.

Imisebenzi evamile ingaqhubeka nini?

Ukuthi ungabuyela nini emsebenzini, ushayela, noma uvivinya umzimba ngokuvamile kuzohluka kuye ngempilo yakho. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu. Khuluma naye ngemigomo yakho nokuthi ungaqala nini ukwenza izinto. Kungcono ukuqala kancane kancane, njengoba esho.

Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Okuningi kwalokho okwashiwo ngaphambilini ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Ukuvimbela" kusebenza nasekunakekeleni impilo yakho ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca njalo , ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukuphuza imithi efanele yezinye izifo, nokubona udokotela wakho ngesikhathi.

Kufanele umshayele nini udokotela ucingo?

Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngezinkinga okufanele uzilindele, okufanele ukhathazeke ngazo, nokuthi kufanele ukhulume nini naye. Futhi, uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma uma uphawu olukhona lushintsha (ikakhulukazi uma luvela ngokuzumayo noma luqala ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke), khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele uye nini esibhedlela noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma ngokuzumayo uba nezimpawu ezihlobene nenhliziyo futhi, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi ngokungalindelekile, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezibonisa isidingo sokwelashwa okuphuthumayo yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina) noma ubuhlungu obusakazekela ezindaweni eziseduze zomzimba (intamo, umhlathi, umhlane, izingalo, amahlombe, noma isisu).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu (vertigo), ukuquleka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma ngidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, kufanele ngishayele ngiye esibhedlela ngedwa?

Lutho neze! Uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, ukuzishayela esibhedlela kungaba yingozi hhayi kuwe kuphela kodwa nakwabanye abasemgwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, shayela u-1990 (Suvaseriya) noma enye insizakalo ye-ambulensi ngokushesha. Kunezinzuzo eziningana zokuhamba nge-ambulensi:

* Abasebenzi be-ambulensi bangahlola isimo sakho bese beqala ukwelapha izimpawu zakho endleleni eya esibhedlela. Ulwazi abaluqoqayo lusiza ukonga isikhathi esibalulekile kodokotela esibhedlela abenza ukuxilongwa.

* Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo endleleni, ngeke ube sengozini noma ulinyazwe abanye ngoba uhamba nge-ambulensi.

* Abasebenzi be-ambulensi bangakuhambisa ngqo eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo (ER). Uma uhamba wedwa, kungase kube nokubambezeleka njengoba ungena ngegumbi lokwamukela izivakashi.

Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zingaba yinto eyesabekayo nedidayo. Ngenhlanhla, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, ukuhlonza nokwelapha ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuthuthuke kakhulu. Izindlela zokwelapha, imithi, kanye nokuqonda kwesayensi kwenhliziyo kuyaqhubeka kuthuthuka. Lokho kusho ukuthi amathuba akho okuthola umphumela omuhle ayanda njalo. Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho nizwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, sicela ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Bangani abathandekayo, kufanele nginitshele ukuthi i-NSTEMI uhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okungafanele siluthathe kalula.

• Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, ungacabangi nje ukuthi "kubangelwa yisisu." Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• Ukwenza izinguquko ezilula endleleni yokuphila (ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, nokugwema ukubhema) kunganciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulalela okushiwo odokotela, wenze izivivinyo, uphuze imithi njengoba uyalelwe, bese uzama ukuphila impilo enempilo. Inhliziyo yakho iyakufanelekela lokho!

I- NSTEMI, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, i-ECG, isifo senhliziyo, ukwelashwa kwenhliziyo, impilo yenhliziyo