Inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esimangalisayo. Kusukela osukwini esizalwa ngalo kuze kube usuku esifa ngalo, isebenza ngokungayeki umzuzwana owodwa. Njengephampu ehlakaniphile, ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Kunezingxenye eziningi ezincane ezisiza ukuthi isebenze kahle. Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ohlangothini olulodwa ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, ngaphandle kokugeleza emuva? Yilokho "ama-valve" enhliziyweni asiza ngakho. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-valve eyodwa ekhethekile, i-valve yamaphaphu.
Kalula nje, iyini ivalvu yamaphaphu?
Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yakho inamakamelo amane. Amabili phezulu namabili phansi. Le valve yamaphaphu ifana nesango elihamba ngendlela eyodwa phakathi kwegumbi elingezansi ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo (i-ventricle yesokudla) kanye nomthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi uye emaphashini (umthambo wamaphaphu) .
Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi "elingcolile", elisetshenziswe emzimbeni wethu futhi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi, kusukela enhliziyweni kuya emaphashini ukuze kuhlanzwe. Ngemva kokuba igazi selidlulile, leli sango liyavalwa ukuze livimbele ukuthi liphinde libuyele enhliziyweni.
Le valve yamaphaphu, kanye nevalvu ye-aorta ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenhliziyo, zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-valve e-semilunar." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amapheshana/ama-flaps kula ma-valve abunjwe njengenyanga eyingxenye. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "ivalvu yamaphaphu," okuyinto efanayo.
Isebenza kanjani le valve? Kuyamangalisa!
Indlela lo mnyango omncane osebenza ngayo iyamangalisa. Kufana nokuthi uyadansa, uvula futhi uvala ngesigqi esiphelele ngokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Isigaba se-Systolic: Lapho i-ventricle yesokudla ifinyela, igazi elingaphakathi kuyo liyakhishwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-valve yamaphaphu iyavuleka . Bese igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lingena emthanjeni wamaphaphu, oya emaphashini.
- Isigaba se-Diastolic: Lapho inhliziyo iphumula ngemva kokuba isiqedile ukuncipha, noma lapho iphumula, ivalvu yamaphaphu ivala kahle . Uma ingavali, igazi elithunyelwa emaphashini lingabuyela enhliziyweni. Le valve ivimbela lokho ukuthi kwenzeke. Kulapho le valve ivaliwe lapho i-ventricle yesokudla igcwalisa khona igazi ukuze ipompe umjikelezo olandelayo.
Kalula nje, kufana nephoyisa lomgwaqo emgwaqweni. Livumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze liye ohlangothini olulodwa futhi lilivimbe ngokuphelele ukuthi lingaphindeli emuva.
Ukusetshenziswa Okukhethekile: Inqubo kaRoss
Ngaphezu kokusebenza okuvamile kwale valve, isetshenziselwa nenye injongo emangalisayo: lapho ivalvu ye-aorta ebaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni iba nesifo, le valve yamaphaphu iyafakwa esikhundleni salokho.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inqubo kaRoss. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ivalvu yakho ye-aortic enesifo bese eyishintsha ngevalvu yakho yamaphaphu enempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ivalvu yamaphaphu enikelayo ifakwa endaweni lapho ivalvu yamaphaphu yayikhona. Ngenxa yokuthi iyizicubu zakho, ingena kahle futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta leli valve?
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga nge-valve yamaphaphu zihlobene nezimo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana angaba nalezi zinkinga lapho ezalwa. Akuvamile kakhulu, izinkinga ngale-valve zingavela kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu).
Ake siqonde lezi zimo zezokwelapha eziyinhloko kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isimo | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo... |
|---|---|
| I-Pulmonary atresia | Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ivalvu yamaphaphu ayikhuli kahle. Kufana nodonga olwakhiwe lapho kufanele kube nomnyango khona. Igazi alikwazi ukufika emaphashini. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umntwana abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (cyanosis) lapho ezalwa. |
| I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot | Lesi futhi yisifo senhliziyo esiyinkimbinkimbi esizalwa naso. Lapha, kuvela izinkinga ezine zenhliziyo ndawonye. Esinye salezo ziphazamiso ukuncishiswa kwevalvu yamaphaphu kanye ne-aorta. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisimo esibucayi, umntwana uzodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze asilungise. |
| I-stenosis ye-valve yamaphaphu | Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuba mncane. Ngemuva kwalokho inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kakhulu ukupompa igazi. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyinto ekhona lapho umuntu ezalwa. Abanye abantu bathola ukwelashwa kokwandisa ivalvu, kanti abanye kufanele bashintshe ivalvu. |
| I-valve yamaphaphu engekho | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu, esizalwa naso. Kulesi simo, amapheshana e-valve angase angabi khona noma angakhuli kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-valve inciphe futhi ingavaleki kahle, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza emuva (regurgitation). |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwevalvu yamaphaphu | Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi i-valve ayivali kahle. Ngakho-ke lapho inhliziyo iphumula, elinye igazi elimpontshelwa emaphashini libuyela emuva kwi-ventricle yesokudla. Lokhu kuncane kubantu abaningi. Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-ventricle yesokudla ingakhula futhi ibe buthaka, futhi umzimba ungagcwala uketshezi futhi uvuvuke (i-edema). |
Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-valve yamaphaphu?
Impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo ithi "cha." Ivalvu yamaphaphu iyingxenye ebalulekile yohambo lwegazi lomzimba wethu oluya emaphashini ukuze uthole umoya-mpilo. Ngaphandle kwevalvu esebenza kahle, asikwazi ukuphila.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqonde lapha ukuthi ngezokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, lezi zimo zingelashwa ngempumelelo . Uma zingelashwa, izingane kanye nabantu abadala abanesifo esibi se-pulmonary valve bangaba nesikhathi sokuphila esifushane. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nekusasa lempilo yakho.
Siyigcina kanjani le valve iphilile?
Asikwazi ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo esizalwa nazo. Kodwa kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sizivikele ezinkingeni kamuva ekuphileni nokugcina izinhliziyo zethu ziphilile ngokuphelele. Zama ukuzifaka empilweni yakho.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Zonke izinhlobo zikagwayi, hhayi ugwayi nama-vape kuphela, zimbi kakhulu enhliziyweni. Uma unenkinga yokuyeka, cela usizo kudokotela wakho.
- Yeka noma unciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Utshwala abulungele impilo yenhliziyo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela. Faka imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nokolweni ophelele ekudleni kwakho.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Njengoba kunconywa udokotela wakho, vivinya umzimba ngamandla aphakathi nendawo, njengokuhamba, okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.
- Lawula izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-cholesterol:Uma unalezi zinhlobo zezifo, sebenzisa imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke: Ngisho noma ungenazo izifo, bona udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlole impilo yakho.
- Ikakhulukazi komama abakhulelwe: Uma ukhulelwe, yiya emitholampilo efanele bese uthola iseluleko nokwelashwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa.
Ukufunda ngesakhiwo senhliziyo nendlela izingxenye zayo ezisebenza ngayo ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inesifo senhliziyo. Kungaba nzima ukuthola ulwazi oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela wakho uhlala ekhona ukukusiza nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Ungesabi ukubuza noma yini ekucabangayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incane kangakanani.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-valve yamaphaphu iyi-valve ebalulekile, eyindlela eyodwa evumela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ukuthi lihambe liye emaphashini ukuze lihlanzwe.
- Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nale valve zingaba yinto yokuzalwa nayo. Qaphela kakhulu izimpawu ezifana nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enganeni esanda kuzalwa.
- Uma unezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo noma usola ukuthi sikhona, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Ngenxa yezindlela zokuhlinzwa ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, abantu abaningi bangazelapha ngempumelelo lezi zimo futhi baphile impilo enempilo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) ingavikela impilo yenhliziyo isikhathi eside.
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