Wake waba nokulimala okuncane? Mhlawumbe unqume isandla sakho ngommese, noma uwele ndawana thize. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Isizathu salokhu inqubo emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Lokho ukujiya kwegazi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ayisebenzi kahle. Kuphakathi kokuthi igazi lithatha isikhathi eside kunalokho okufanele, noma kwenzeka ngokushesha kunalokho okufanele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, sikhuluma ngokuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu okwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi igazi lakho lijiya ngokushesha kangakanani. Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Prothrombin Time, noma i-PT/INR test.
Kalula nje, iyini le test ye-PT/INR?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PT/INR kuwukuhlolwa okuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese kulinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi lijiye. Cabanga ngakho, uma unesilonda, amaprotheni emizimbeni yethu (abizwa ngokuthi izinto ezijiya igazi) asebenza ndawonye ukwakha ijiye legazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha. I-Prothrombin ingenye iphrotheni eyenziwa yisibindi sethu futhi ibalulekile enqubweni yokujiya kwegazi.
Imiphumela yalolu vivinyo inganikezwa ngemizuzwana, noma ivame ukunikezwa ngesibalo esikhethekile esibizwa ngokuthi ``INR - International Normalized Ratio''. INR isilinganiso esijwayelekile esingahlukani kusukela elabhorethri kuya elabhorethri emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ngodokotela ukuqonda imiphumela.
Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzokwenza olunye ukuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) kanye nalolu vivinyo lwe-PT. Luhlola ukuthi ezinye izici ezisiza ukujiya kwegazi zisebenza kahle yini.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kwenziwa khona lolu vivinyo lwe-PT/INR?
Odokotela benza lolu vivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igazi lakho lijiya kahle. Cabanga nje, uma igazi lakho lijiya kancane, ungopha kakhulu ngisho noma ulimale kancane. Ngokufanayo, uma igazi lakho lijiya ngokushesha kakhulu, amajiya angabhajwa emithanjeni yegazi yakho futhi abangele izimo eziyingozi.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza udokotela wakho enze lolu vivinyo:
- Qaphela umthamo wakho we-warfarin: I-Warfarin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Coumadin®, iyi-blood thinner. Inikezwa ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni. Isibonelo, lo muthi unikezwa abantu abasengozini yamahlule egazi emithanjeni yemilenze (Deep Venous Thrombosis) noma amahlule egazi emaphashini (Pulmonary Embolism). Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-PT/INR kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umthamo we-warfarin owuthathayo ulungile, uningi kakhulu, noma awanele.
- Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igazi lakho liyawa ngokwejwayelekile yini. Lokhu kuzosiza odokotela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho bungozi bokuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
- Thola izinkinga zokopha kanye nokuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi: Uma unemivimbo engachazeki, ukopha impumulo njalo, noma ubunzima bokuvimba ukopha ngisho nasenxebeni elincane, lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela.
- Uma usola isifo sesibindi: Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi i-prothrombin yenziwa yisibindi. Ngakho-ke, uma kunenkinga ngale phrotheni, kungasho ukuthi kunesifo sesibindi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PT/INR kungenye yezivivinyo eziningana ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi.
Ingabe kukhona ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukulungiselela okuncane. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu. Ngokuvamile, kungaba into efana nale:
- Yeka eminye imithi okwesikhashana: Eminye imithi, njengemithi elwa namagciwane, ingakhuphula i-PT/INR yakho. Imithi yama-hormone, njengemithi yokuvimbela inzalo, nayo inganciphisa leli nani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo. Kodwa khumbula, ungalokothi uyeke imithi yakho ngaphandle kokuba udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi uyeke.
- Nciphisa ukudla kwakho i-Vitamin K: I-Vitamin K iyisithako esisiza ukujiya kwegazi. Ngakho-ke uma uthatha amaphilisi e-Vitamin K, noma udla ukudla okuningi okunothe nge-Vitamin K njengeklabishi, isipinashi, ne-broccoli, ungase ucelwe ukuthi unciphise kancane. Ngoba lokho kungathinta nemiphumela. Kodwa ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi kwalokhu, kufanele nakanjani ubuze udokotela wakho.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
Lokhu kulula kakhulu, njengokunikela ngegazi ngendlela evamile.
1. Umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe welebhu uzofaka ingaphakathi lengalo yakho ngotshwala bese ebeka ibhande elinwebekayo phezulu kwengalo yakho.
2. Bese bezokucela ukuthi uhlikihle isandla sakho. Bese uzobona imithambo kahle.
3. Inaliti isetshenziswa ukudonsa igazi elivela emthanjeni lingene ebhodleleni elincane. Uzozwa umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inaliti ifakwa.
4. Uma igazi likhishwa, uzocelwa ukuthi ubeke iplasta encane noma ucezu lukakotini phezu kwenaliti bese uyibamba endaweni yayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abathatha i-warfarin, kufanele benze ukuhlolwa njalo, ngakho-ke kufanele bathathe ithonsi legazi ezinzwaneni zabo. Kukhona futhi nama-test kit asekhaya. Uma ufuna elilodwa, udokotela wakho uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani nokuthi ungabika kanjani imiphumela kudokotela wakho.
Imiphumela noma indlela yokuqonda imiphumela?
Uma uthola imiphumela yakho, ake sibone ukuthi izinombolo zisho ukuthini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha i-warfarin.
| Uhlobo lomphumela | Ibanga Elijwayelekile |
|---|---|
| Isikhathi se-Prothrombin (ngemizuzwana) | Phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-11 neyi-13.5. |
| INR (yomuntu ophilile) | Phakathi kuka-0.8 no-1.1. |
| INR (i-Warfarin - okuhloswe ngayo umuntu othatha i-Warfarin) | Phakathi kuka-2.0 no-3.0. (Kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, leli nani eliqondiwe lingase libe phansi noma liphezulu. Lokhu kuzonqunywa udokotela wakho.) |
Isho ukuthini imiphumela engavamile?
Uma inani le-PT noma inani le-INR liphezulu:
Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho lithatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile ukuze lijiye.
- Uma ungayisebenzisi i-warfarin, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yesifo sokopha, inkinga yesibindi, noma ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin K.
- Uma uthatha i-warfarin futhi i-INR yakho iphakeme kune-target (isb., ingaphezu kuka-3.0), usengozini yokopha. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:
- Umthamo wakho we-warfarin uphakeme kakhulu.
- Ngenxa yomunye umuthi owuthathe ngaphandle kokutshela udokotela (amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu, umuthi womkhuhlane).
- Ukusebenzisana kwe-Warfarin nezinto ezifana nesipinashi, i-kale, ijusi le-cranberry, noma utshwala.
Uma inani le-PT noma inani le-INR liphansi:
Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho liqina ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Uma umuntu othatha i-warfarin enenani le-INR elingaphansi kwenani eliqondiwe (isib., ngaphansi kuka-2.0), kusenengozi yokuthi igazi liqina.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yakho imiphi, ungesabi futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Uzothola imbangela futhi enze okudingekayo.
Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze ngokulandelayo.
- Uma uthatha i-warfarin: Udokotela wakho uzolungisa umthamo wakho kancane ukuze abuyisele i-INR yakho ebangeni eliqondiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungadingeka ukuthi ukhuphule noma wehlise umthamo wakho kancane.
- Uma kusolwa esinye isifo: Udokotela uzocabangela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PT kanye ne-PTT ndawonye. Angase futhi akuthumelele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze axilonge lesi sifo.
Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala phakathi namahora ambalwa noma ngosuku. Ukuhlolwa kweminwe kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-PT/INR ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okukala isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze igazi lakho lijiye.
- Abantu abathatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi njengeWarfarin kudingeka bahlolwe njalo. Kuyasiza ukulawula ngokunembile umthamo womuthi.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza futhi ekuxilongeni izinto ezifana nezinkinga zokopha kanye nezifo zesibindi.
- Ungakhathazeki uma imiphumela yakho ingaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nemikhuba yakho yokudla.
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