Ingabe ingane yakho isencane? Njengomama nobaba, kudingeka sikhathazeke kakhulu ngabantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kosuku lwabo lokuzalwa. Sinakekela konke ngabo. Sidinga kakhulu ukuqaphela kakhulu ukubona kwabo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo samehlo esingaba khona ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa esingalapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-Retinopathy of Prematurity , noma i-ROP ngamafuphi.
Kuyini i-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity (ROP)?
Kalula nje, i-ROP yisimo samehlo esithinta ezinye izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-31. Sibangelwa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi okungavamile ku -retina yeso lomntwana.
Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini i-retina. Iyi-membrane ebaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kwamehlo ethu. Kufana nefilimu ekhamera. I-retina iguqula ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni esizibonayo kube izimpawu zikagesi bese izithumela ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho bube sebusebenzisa lezo zimpawu ukudala isithombe esisibonayo. Ngakho-ke ungabona ukuthi le ngxenye ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni, akunjalo?
Le mithambo yegazi engavamile ekhula ku-ROP ivame ukuba yingozi. Akukho ukwelashwa okukhethekile okudingekayo, futhi odokotela bayayiqapha nje. Cishe ama-90% ezinsana ezine-ROP alulama ngaphandle kokwelashwa futhi aphinde abone ngendlela evamile.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sisongele umbono wengane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuvimbela umonakalo ohlala njalo emehlweni kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Uma ingelashwa, i-ROP enzima ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono ngokuphelele, okungaholela ngisho nasekungaboni.
Yingakho odokotela bencoma ukuhlolwa kwezingane ezisengozini ngokushesha nje lapho zizalwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-ROP nokuthi ingabe iyadinga ukwelashwa. Uma ingane yakho isengozini ye-ROP, udokotela wakho uzokutshela. Uzokutshela nokuthi kufanele uyihlole nini ingane yakho. Ukuze uvikele umbono wengane yakho, kubalulekile ukulandela isheduli yokuhlolwa udokotela wakho akunikeza yona.
Kungani i-ROP yenzeka? Izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-ROP ukuphazamiseka kokukhula okuvamile kwemithambo yegazi ku-retina yengane.
Cabanga nje, ukuze ingane yethu ibone umhlaba kahle, idinga i-retina enempilo kanye nokutholakala kwegazi okuhle. Le mithambo yegazi ikhula kuso sonke isibeletho sikamama. Kodwa ayikhuli ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho isondele ekubelethweni. Ngakho-ke, imithambo yegazi e-retina yezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ayikhuli ngokuphelele. Le mithambo iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingakhula ngendlela engavamile, ngendlela engalungile. Yilapho-ke i-ROP ivela khona.
Akuwona wonke umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ozokhula abe ne-ROP, kodwa abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izici ezithile zandisa ingozi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi nakanjani uyiyise ingane yakho iyohlolwa amehlo njengoba kunconywe udokotela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zici eziyingozi zikhona noma cha.
Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zengozi ye-ROP.
| Isici Sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi | Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-31 okukhulelwa. Uma ingane izalwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yokuba ne-ROP iyanda. |
| Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa | Izingane ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-1500 (1.5 kg) lapho zizalwa zisengozini enkulu. |
| Isifo Sokucindezeleka Kokuphefumula | Izingane ezazinenkinga yokuphefumula zisencane futhi zidinga ukwelashwa nge-oxygen zingase zibe sengozini. |
| Ukopha Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda | Izingane eziye zopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho nazo zisengozini enkulu. |
| Ezinye izifo kanye nezimo zezokwelapha | Ukutheleleka okukhulu noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo ezenzeka esemncane nakho kungandisa ingozi ye-ROP. |
Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ukuze ahlole izimpawu ze-ROP lapho ezalwa.
I-ROP ihlolwa kanjani?
I-ROP ngokuvamile ayinazo izimpawu zangaphandle abazali abangazibona lapho bebheka ingane yabo. Ingatholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile ngudokotela wamehlo .
Ngokuvamile, udokotela wezinsana uhlonza ingane esengozini yokuthola i-ROP ngenkathi ingane isesesibhedlela ngemva kokuzalwa. Ube esedlulisela ingane kudokotela wamehlo.
Le nqubo yokuhlola ihilela:
1. Amaconsi amehlo: Udokotela uzofaka amaconsi ambalwa emithi emehlweni engane. Lokhu kuzovula imbobo, kukuvumela ukuthi ubone kangcono ngaphakathi kweso.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwengaphakathi leso: Udokotela wamehlo ube esesebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ingaphakathi leso, ikakhulukazi i-retina nemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izithombe zedijithali zengaphakathi leso nazo zingathathwa.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala kuvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Kuye ngesimo somntwana, udokotela angakucela ukuthi uphinde lokhu kuhlolwa njalo ngemva kwesonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu . Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyekwa kuphela uma udokotela eqiniseka ukuthi imithambo yegazi e-retina ikhule ngokugcwele futhi akukho bungozi.
Izigaba ze-ROP
Uma udokotela ethola ingane yakho ine-ROP, uzoyihlukanisa ngezigaba ukuze anqume ukuthi ingakanani nokuthi ingabe kudingeka yini ukwelashwa. Lezi zigaba ziqala ku-1 kuya ku-5. Isigaba sesi-5 yisona esinzima kakhulu.
| Isiteji | Isimo |
|---|---|
| Izigaba 1 no-2 | Lezi yizimo ze-ROP ezithambile kuya kweziphakathi. Esikhathini esiningi, ziba ngcono ngokwazo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Udokotela umane uyaqaphela. |
| Isigaba 3 | Kulesi sigaba, ukwelashwa kungadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ku-retina noma ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal. |
| Isigaba 4 | I-ROP Enzima. Ingxenye ye-retina ihlukanisiwe. Idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. |
| Isigaba 5 | Isigaba esinzima kakhulu. I-retina iyahlukana ngokuphelele. Idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa ngisho nangokwelashwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokulahlekelwa umbono noma ukuba yimpumputhe ngokuphelele. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase uzwe amanye amagama anjengelithi "Plus Disease," okuyisimo esibi lapho imithambo yegazi ku-retina ivuleka futhi ijijeke ngendlela engavamile.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ROP?
Uma i-retina yengane yakho isengozini yokuhlukana, noma isivele ihlukene, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka. Udokotela wamehlo uzonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwelapha ngokusekelwe esigabeni se-ROP kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha:
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Laser: Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa umsebe we-laser emaphethelweni angaphandle e-retina, okudala iphethini yokusha okuncane. Lokhu kusha kuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engavamile. Ukwelashwa nge-laser kuphumelele cishe ngo-90%.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-Anti-VEGF: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka umuthi esweni lomntwana. Lo muthi uvimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile.
Udokotela wamehlo uzochaza kahle ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu enganeni yakho, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Uma i-retina yengane yakho ihlukanisiwe (isigaba sesi-4 noma sesi-5), kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okuvela kuchwepheshe we-retina. Isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa okufana ne -vitrectomy kunganconywa.
Kufanele ngimnakekele kanjani umntwana wami?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekile ongayenza njengomzali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyiyisa ingane yakho kukho konke ukuhlolwa okunconywe udokotela wamehlo ngosuku nesikhathi esihleliwe.
Lezi zivivinyo ziyindlela kuphela nengcono kakhulu yokuthola i-ROP kusenesikhathi nokuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela enganeni yakho. Ngakho-ke, ungayeqi lezi zivivinyo nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
Izingane ezelashwa nge-ROP zizodinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebuntwaneni ngoba kubalulekile ukuhlola ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Futhi, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwe-ROP zidinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo ngoba zisengozini enkulu yokuthola ezinye izifo zamehlo esikhathini esizayo. Isibonelo:
- I-Amblyopia noma iso elivilaphayo
- I-Strabismus noma amehlo ahlanganisiwe
- I-Glaucoma
Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi amehlo engane yakho kufanele ahlolwe kangaki, bese usebenza ngokuvumelana nalolo hlelo.
Okokugcina, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile, ukhathazekile, futhi wesaba lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga yamehlo. Lokhu kucindezeleka kungaba kukhulu nakakhulu uma ingane yakho inezinye izinkinga zempilo. Khumbula, udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakhona ukukusiza kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ephepheni bese uyiletha nawe lapho udokotela wakho ehlangana khona. Thola lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze ugcine ingane yakho iphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ROP (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity) yisifo samehlo esenzeka ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Isikhathi esiningi (cishe u-90%) lesi simo sincane futhi siphela ngokwaso ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
- Azikho izimpawu zangaphandle abazali abangazibona lapho bebheka ingane yabo. Kungatholakala kuphela ngokuhlolwa udokotela wamehlo.
- Kubalulekile ukuya kuzo zonke izivivinyo zamehlo ezinconywe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuze uvikele ukubona kwengane yakho.
- Ubumpumputhe bungavinjelwa ngokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwe-ROP enzima.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukwesaba onakho.
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