Ungayithola kanjani inani eliqondile lezibuko zamehlo? Ake sixoxe nge-Retinoscopy!

Wake wahlolwa amehlo? Uma uya, udokotela uyakubuza, "Ingabe lokhu kucacile?", "Ingabe lokhu kungcono kunangaphambili?" Inani lezibuko zethu linqunywa yizimpendulo esizinikezayo. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi ungazithola kanjani izibuko eziningana zengane encane engakwazi ukukhuluma kahle, noma zomuntu olahlekelwe yinkumbulo yakhe ngenxa yokuguga? Yingakho ukuhlolwa esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-'Retinoscopy', kubaluleke kangaka.

Kalula nje, iyini i-'Retinoscopy'?

I-retinoscopy iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuvumela udokotela wamehlo ukuthi alinganise ngokunembile amaphutha okukhanya emehlweni akho. Basebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile eliphathwa ngesandla kanye nokukhanya okuboniswa emuva kusuka ku-retina ngaphakathi kweso.

Ngisho noma ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile futhi kunezinye izindlela zokulinganisa amaphutha amehlo, le ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Retinoscopy' isathandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Cishe kuyinto okumele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile.

Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola amehlo alabo abangakwazi ukukhuluma kahle ngokungakhululeki kwabo. Cabanga nje, uyinika kanjani ingane encane izibuko? Ayiqondi ukuthi iyakwazi ukubona izinhlamvu noma cha. Futhi, ngisho nakumuntu ongakwazi ukukhuluma, onokukhubazeka kwengqondo, noma onenkinga yokuxhumana ngenxa yokuguga nezifo zobuchopho, le ndlela ingathola inani elinembile kakhulu lezibuko.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa!

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuhlolwa kwe-'Retinoscopy' silula kakhulu. Kuncike endleleni ukukhanya okungena ngayo esweni lakho, kudlule ilensi kanye ne-cornea, bese kushaya i-'Retina' ngemuva kweso bese kuboniswa emuva.

Ukuze kube sobala, lapho ukukhanya okwanele kukhanya ngqo esweni, umfundi ubonakala ekhanya ngenxa yokukhanya okuvela ngaphakathi kweso. Cishe uke wabona amehlo ekati ekhanya ebusuku. Yilokho okufana nakho. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-fundus reflex noma i-red reflex.

Ngokuvamile, kumuntu obona kahle, okungukuthi, umbono ongu-20/20, imisebe yokukhanya ebonakala kwi-retina engaphakathi kweso kufanele iphume esweni ihambisane. Kodwa uma unephutha lokubona, le misebe yokukhanya igobile ngezindlela ezahlukene ngenxa yalelo phutha. Khona-ke ayiphumi ihambisana.

Ekuhlolweni kwe-'Retinoscopy', udokotela ubeka amalensi anamandla ahlukene phambi kweso lakho bese ebheka ukuthi iyiphi ilensi ebuyisela imisebe yokukhanya esweni. Amandla elensi oyitholayo aba inombolo kadokotela wezibuko zakho.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza futhi ekuxilongeni ezinye izimo zamehlo, isibonelo:

• I-Amblyopia (iso elivilaphayo): Ukubona kwelinye iso kubuthakathaka kunelinye.
• I-Presbyopia (ukubona eduze okuhlobene nobudala): Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto eziseduze ngokucacile njengoba ukhula.
• I-Strabismus (amehlo ahlangene): Ukungakwazi ukugcina amehlo womabili ebheke ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ingabe udinga ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Esikhathini esiningi, awudingi ukwenza noma yini ekhethekile ukuze ulungiselele i-retinoscopy. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungadingeka wenze okuthile okukhethekile. Uma kukhona, udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma ugqoka amalensi okuxhumana, bazokutshela nokuthi mangaki amahora ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okudingeka uwakhiphe.

Ngaphambi kokwenza i-retinoscopy ejwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzofaka amaconsi akhethekile emehlweni akho. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi imithi ye-cycloplegic. Lawa maconsi avimba amehlo akho ukuthi angagxili ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma engagxili, amehlo akho azogxila ngokuzenzakalelayo, okwenza kube nzima ngodokotela ukuthola inombolo efanele yezibuko zakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela ezokwenza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-'dynamic retinoscopy', khona-ke lawa maconsi amehlo '(cycloplegic)' ngeke asetshenziswe. Ngoba lokho kuhlolwa kuncike ekhonweni lemvelo lokugxila kwamehlo akho.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-`retinoscopy`, uzohlala esihlalweni ekamelweni elimnyama. Udokotela uzohlala ebhekene nawe. Ithuluzi eliyinhloko elisetshenziswa kulokhu yi-`retinoscope`. Lena idivayisi ephathwa ngesandla ebukeka njengethoshi elincane elinelensi enkulu enamathiselwe. Ukukhanya kanye nelensi yokubuka kuklanyelwe ukuze udokotela akwazi ukukhanyisa iso lakho ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi alibuke eduze.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukusebenzisa amalensi anamandla ahlukene ukuze ubone ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela ngaphakathi kweso kushintsha kanjani. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• I-'Phoropter': Lona umshini omkhulu ofana novemvane onezimbobo ezimbili zamehlo akho. Uma wake wahlolwa amehlo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile lokhu. Ngokushintsha amalensi ahlukene nezilungiselelo kuwo, udokotela angahlola ngokushesha izinombolo ezahlukene.
• Amalensi aphathwa ngesandla:Lezi zingafika ngesimo "sekhadi lelensi," okusho ukuthi amalensi amaningi anamandla ahlukene afakwa ekhadini eliyisicaba. Noma, amalensi ngamanye angagqokwa ngalinye phambi kweso (amalensi akhululekile).

Uma udokotela ekhanyisa iso lakho ngalezi lensi, uzonaka kakhulu izinguquko eziningana ekukhanyeni kokukhanya ngaphakathi kweso.

Ngale ndlela, udokotela uhambisa ukukhanya phezulu, phansi, kwesobunxele, kwesokudla, nangokuphambene izikhathi eziningana. Okwamanje, ushintsha amalensi ahlukene. Angenza le nqubo izikhathi eziningana, ame phakathi nendawo, ashintshe ukukhanya ku-'retinoscope', futhi abhale amanothi encwadini. Konke lokhu kuyizingxenye ezivamile zokuhlolwa.

Indlela ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Dynamic Retinoscopy'

Lena enye indlela ekhethekile yokuhlolwa kwe-'Retinoscopy'. Lokhu kubheka kakhulu ikhono lamehlo akho 'lokugxila' ezintweni eziseduze nawe. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi 'indawo yokuhlala'.

Phakathi nalolu vivinyo lwe-'dynamic retinoscopy', awufaki amaconsi amehlo akho njengoba usushilo kakade. Kunalokho, udokotela wakho ukucela ukuthi ubheke izinto ezikude ezahlukene. Ezinye izinto zingase zibe phakathi kwakho nodokotela, kanti ezinye zingase zibe ngemuva kukadokotela. Ngesikhathi ubheka lezi zinto, udokotela wakho ubheka amehlo akho nge-'retinoscope'. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokubheka indlela ukukhanya okunyakaza ngayo ngaphakathi kweso lakho, anganquma ukuthi ikhono lamehlo akho lokugxila (ukwamukela) lisebenza kahle yini.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Uma unikezwe amaconsi amehlo e-cycloplegic esivivinyweni sakho, abafundi bakho bazovuleka isikhashana ngemva kwesivivinyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amehlo akho azovuleka kancane. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze imiphumela yala maconsi iphele siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingakanani.

Futhi, ungase unikezwe isivikelo sesikhashana, njengezibuko zelanga, ongazigqoka uma uphuma. Ngoba la maconsi amehlo avimbela ama-blackhead akho ukuthi akhule futhi anciphe ngokwawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awakwazi ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya okungena emehlweni akho uma usesendaweni ekhanyayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amehlo akho angase azizwe sengathi ayasha.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalolu vivinyo?

Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwe-`Retinoscopy` kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu engenazo izingozi noma imiphumela emibi .

Amaconsi eso abizwa ngokuthi i-cycloplegic eye angabangela imiphumela emibi emincane, kodwa ngokuvamile awabi yingozi. Futhi, ezinye izingxenye zokuhlolwa zingaba nzima kumuntu ozwela ukukhanya okukhanyayo (i-photophobia). Uma unomuzwa onjalo wokukhanya, tshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela emibi yamaconsi eso, ungabuza udokotela wakho ngayo.

Yimiphi imiphumela engizoyithola? Ngenzenjani ngokulandelayo?

Ngemva kokuba udokotela eqede i-retinoscopy, uzobala umuthi wakho (noma wothandekayo wakho) wokubona. Le nombolo ifana nenombolo oyitholayo ngokubuza imibuzo. Udokotela uzochaza ukuthi le nombolo isho ukuthini, nokuthi ikuthinta kanjani.

Uma imiphumela iqinisekisa ukuthi awunawo umbono ongu-20/20, kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?

Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngezinketho zokulungisa umbono ezingcono kakhulu kuwe. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu yizibuko noma ama-contact lens . Abanye abantu bangase bahlinzwe ngokulungiswa kombono njenge-LASIK.

Izibuko ezinhle zifana nesudi elungiselelwe wena. Udokotela wamehlo owenza i-retinoscopy ufana nomthungi onekhono, othunga ngesandla umthungo ngamunye uze ulingane kahle. Le ndlela ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 ubudala, kodwa isasetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwamehlo okuvamile nanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma othandekayo wakho nihlolwa, ungaqiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uzokuthola izibuko ezinhle kakhulu kuwe.