Ingabe ingane yakho iyisimungulu kwezinye izindawo? Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Selective Mutism - ake sixoxe ngayo!

Ingane yakho encane ikhuluma kakhulu ekhaya, ifunda njalo, futhi ikhuluma kakhulu ngisho nalapho idlala. Kodwa uma iya esikoleni, ezindlini zezihlobo, noma emaphathini, ingabe umlomo wayo ubonakala uthule ngokuphelele? Ingabe imane inqekuzisa ikhanda futhi ingakhulumi uma othile eyibuza okuthile? Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kungamahloni, noma inkani, noma ukubhuqa okuncane nje. Kodwa kungaba yinto ejulile, isimo sempilo yengqondo esibangelwa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka . Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Selective Mutism.'

Kuyini i-Selective Mutism?

Kalula nje, i-Selective Mutism ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ezimweni ezithile zomphakathi, ezindaweni lapho uzizwa ungakhululekile noma wesaba khona. Lokhu akuhlosiwe . Ezindaweni lapho uzizwa ujwayelene futhi uphephile, njengasekhaya, ungakhuluma ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa ezindaweni ezifana nesikole noma ezindaweni lapho kunabantu ongabazi, izwi lakho libonakala linamathele.

Lokhu kuhlukile kumuntu onamahloni nje. I-Selective mutism iyisifo sokukhathazeka. Ivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, cishe eminyakeni emi-5. Ivame ukuqashelwa yizingane zasenkulisa kanye nabafundi bebanga lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ingathinta nabantu abasebasha kanye nabantu abadala.

Kuthiwa lesi simo sivame kakhulu emantombazaneni kunabafana. Kodwa lokho kungase kube ngenxa yemibono yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Sithinta abantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayi-100.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-selective mutism?

Igama elithi "ukukhetha" egameni lisikisela ukuthi lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezikhethiwe . Okusho ukuthi, ungakhuluma ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezimweni lapho uzizwa ukhululekile khona. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho uzizwa ungakhululekile noma wesaba khona, kuba nzima kakhulu, uma kungenzeki nhlobo, ukukhuluma.

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu abakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo, kanti abanye bakhuluma ngendlela elinganiselwe nelinganiselwe.

Isimo sokungakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukusondela kuso

Lokhu kuhilela ukugwema ukukhuluma ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ukukuyeka ngokuphelele. Kungabukeka kanje:

• Uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukukhuluma. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ingqondo yakho ilukhuni ngenxa yokwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokweqile. Ngisho noma kungase kubonakale sengathi awufuni ukukhuluma, lokhu akuyona into oyenzayo ngamabomu, kuyenzeka nje.
• Umzimba wakhe uqinile futhi ubukeka sengathi ukhandwe ngamatshe. Njengenyamazane ebanjwe ekukhanyeni futhi yesaba.
• Kukhona ubuso obungenalutho .
• Igwema ukubheka emehlweni.
• Ugwema noma akahlanganyeli ekuxhumaneni nabantu . Cabanga nje, lapho uthisha ebuza okuthile ekilasini, lo mntwana ubheka phansi kuyilapho abanye abantwana bephendula.
• Abaceli izinto abazifunayo. Isibonelo, bangase baye endlini yangasese esikoleni ngaphandle kokubuza kuthisha, futhi bangase bacele nokuthile okusezingutsheni zabo.Kukhona nezikhathi lapho kufanele uchame khona .
• Uziphatha ngendlela ephazamisayo ngamabomu ukuze agweme ukukhuluma (isib., ukuzabalaza, ukukhala).

Ukuxhumana okungekhona okwamazwi

• Esikhundleni samagama , basebenzisa imisindo eqondwa yiwo wonke umuntu, njengokuthi "Uu huun" (yebo) kanye nokuthi "Ah ah" (cha).
• Ukuze bagweme ukukhuluma , babhala izinto phansi futhi benze izinto ezifana nokukukhombisa okuthile encwadini .
• Usebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba kanye nesimo sobuso esikhundleni samagama (isib. ukunqekuzisa ikhanda, ukukhomba).

Ukukhuluma okuncane noma okulinganiselwe

• Sekuyisikhathi sokuphendula.
• Baphendula ngegama elilodwa noma amabili noma basebenzisa imisho emifushane kakhulu.
• Bayakhuluma kancane, bayangithintitha, noma bakhulume kancane kakhulu futhi behlebeza.
• Ukhuluma ngezwi elishintshiwe (isib., njengerobhothi, noma ngokushintsha iphimbo lezwi lakhe elijwayelekile).

Kungani lokhu kukhetha i-mutism kwenzeka?

Ochwepheshe abakaqondi ngokugcwele imbangela eqondile yalokhu, kodwa bacabanga ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezingadlala indima.

Ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo

I-Selective mutism ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo. Lezi akuzona zodwa izimbangela, kodwa abantu abanalezi zimo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-selective mutism.

• Isifo Sokukhathazeka Komphakathi: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-mutism ekhethiwe. Ochwepheshe bathi abantu abaphakathi kuka-75% no-100% bangaba nakho kokubili.
• Ukwesaba: Ukwesaba ngokweqile izinto ezahlukene.
• Ezinye izinkinga zokukhathazeka.
• Isifo se-Autism Spectrum.
• Ukukhathazeka Ngokuhlukana: Ukwesaba ngokweqile ukuhlukaniswa nabazali.
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD): Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo okwenzeka ngemva kwesenzakalo esibuhlungu.

Umlando womndeni noma ithonya lezakhi zofuzo

Izinkinga zokukhathazeka zingase zivele emindenini. Umuntu one-selective mutism cishe unesihlobo esiseduze (umzali, umfowabo, ingane) esinalesi simo noma esinye isifo sokukhathazeka.

Ezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma

Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nesifo sokungaqondi kahle ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngendlela ezikhuluma ngayo noma ubunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo (isib., ukuphazamiseka kokucubungula izindlebe , ukubambezeleka kokufunda).

Kungabangelwa futhi ubunzima bokukhuluma, njengokuphazamiseka kokukhuluma kahle . Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nesifo sokungakhulumi kahle ngoba azithandi izwi lazo noma zesaba ukuthi lizwakala kanjani uma zikhuluma.

Izici zomphakathi

Ezinye izici zomphakathi zingabangela nokuthi izingane zibe nesifo sofuba esikhethekile.

• Ukuxhashazwa abanye.
• Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu kakhulu noma ukuhlukunyezwa.
• Izinkinga zomndeni (isib., ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo, ngamazwi, noma ngokomzimba ekhaya).
• Ukuthuthela ezweni noma esifundeni lapho kukhulunywa khona olunye ulimi olukhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-selective mutism?

Lesi simo singaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho ngezindlela ezahlukene.

• Ukungakhululeki emphakathini, isizungu, noma ukuzihlukanisa.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izimo noma izimpawu ezihlobene nokukhathazeka.
• Umthelela emisebenzini yezemfundo noma ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi .

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

I-Selective mutism ivame ukuhlonzwa uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Odokotela Bezifo Zolimi Lwenkulumo noma Ochwepheshe Bezokwelapha Inkulumo bangasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ezinye izimo futhi benze ukuxilongwa.

Udokotela uhlonza lesi simo ngokubheka izimpawu kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha. Bazokubuza imibuzo (noma ingane yakho) mayelana nalezi zenzakalo kanye nezinye izici ezingase zibe nomthelela kulokhu.

Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa imibuzo kanye nohlu lokuhlola ukuze anqume ukuthi unalesi simo. Ngokusho kwe -DSM-5 ye-American Psychiatric Association (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uhlelo lwesihlanu lombhalo ovuselelwe™) , ukuze utholakale une-selective mutism, kufanele uhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezinhlanu:

1. Ukungakhulumi njalo ezimweni zomphakathi lapho kulindeleke ukuthi ukhulume khona, kodwa akukho nkinga yokukhuluma ngezinye izikhathi.

2. Ukungakhulumi kuthinta impilo yomphakathi, yezemfundo, noma yomsebenzi .

3. Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.

4. Ukungakhulumi akukhona ukuthi awukwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda ulimi oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa abanye.

5. Ubunzima bokukhuluma abunakubangelwa esinye isifo sokukhuluma, njengokungingiza . Futhi, abunakuhlotshaniswa kuphela ne -autism spectrum disorder , i-schizophrenia spectrum disorders, noma ezinye izimo zengqondo .

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha? Ingabe ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngokwelashwa, ubukhali bezimpawu kanye nokuvama kwazo kungancishiswa. Uma ziqashelwa futhi zelashwa kusenesikhathi, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bephelele izimpawu.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

Ukwelashwa kwempilo yengqondo

Ukwelashwa ngempilo yengqondo (ikakhulukazi i-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy noma i-CBT)) ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kokuqala okusetshenziswayo. Futhi yikona okukhiqiza imiphumela eminingi. Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kukusiza ukuthi uqonde futhi ubhekane nokukhathazeka kanye neminye imizwa ecindezelayo ebangela i-selective mutism. Kukusiza futhi ukulawula ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okungahambisana nalesi simo.

Uma welapha izingane ngale ndlela yokwelapha, kubalulekile ukubandakanya abanakekeli bazo (abazali, abanakekeli). Ukusekela kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo

Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuhilela ukusebenza nochwepheshe wezokukhuluma. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma kukhona i-mutism ekhethiwe kanye nenkinga yokukhuluma.

Imithi

Uma ukwelashwa ngempilo yengqondo noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma kuphela kungasebenzi, imithi ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa.

Imithi evame kakhulu ye-selective mutism yi -SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . Nakuba le mithi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka, ingasiza nasezinkingeni zokukhathazeka ezifana ne-selective mutism. Eminye imithi ingasiza futhi. Udokotela wakho (noma udokotela wengane yakho) angakutshela okwengeziwe ngalezi futhi akusize ukhethe efanele wena.

Kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi yemithi.

Kwenzekani uma mina noma ingane yami ine-mutism ekhethiwe?

Uma ingane inalesi simo, singathinta umsebenzi wayo wesikole, indlela exhumana ngayo nabangani, kanye nekhono layo lokwenza abangane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane zingase zilingeke ukuba zithule, ngisho nasezimweni ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Uma une-distim ekhethiwe njengomuntu omdala, ingaqhubeka nokuba nemiphumela emibi. Kungenza kube nzima ukwenza abangane nokwakha ubudlelwano (bezenhlalo, bobungcweti, bothando). Kungathinta nezifundo zakho nomsebenzi wakho.

Kwabaningi, izimpawu zibonakala ziphela njengoba bekhula. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka futhi zingafana nezinye izinkinga zokukhathazeka (ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka komphakathi).

Uma kuqashelwa futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, imiphumela iba mihle kakhulu. Uma kuqashelwa futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, abantu abaningi bangakuqeda lesi simo noma babhekane naso futhi baphile naso. Khona-ke ngeke kube nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabo.

Kodwa-ke, uma kushiywa kungaqashelwa futhi kungelashwa, imiphumela ayimihle kangako. Lesi akusona isimo esiyingozi, kodwa imiphumela emibi ingaba nkulu.

Ingabe i-mutism ekhethiwe ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, i-selective mutism ayinakuvinjelwa. Ochwepheshe abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu, ngakho ayikho indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthi kwenzeke.

Ngingamsiza kanjani ingane yami uma ine-mutism ekhethiwe?

Ungase uzizwe ukhungathekile lapho ingane yakho ingakhulumi ezimweni ezithile, nalapho uthi, "Khuluma, khuluma," kodwa yona ingakhulumi. Lokhu kukhungatheka kungaba kukhulu nakakhulu lapho ingane yakho ilwela ukugwema ukukhuluma, njengokukhala.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-selective mutism iyisimo sempilo yengqondo. Akuyona into ingane yakho engayilawula. Kodwa, ungayilawula isimo sengane yakho nendlela osabela ngayo ezimpawini zayo.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ongazikhumbula:

• Yenza ingane yakho izizwe ikhululekile futhi iphephile. Ungayicindezeli noma uyiphuthumise ezindaweni lapho ingase izwe khona isaba noma ikhathazekile. Akuyona futhi umqondo omuhle ukukhuluma ngale nkinga phambi kwayo, ngoba ingayenza izizwe inamahloni futhi yesaba nakakhulu.
• Nciphisa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka, bese uqhubeka. Qala ngokukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi iziveze ngezindlela ezizizwa ikhululekile ngazo. Okokuqala, kancane kancane izethule ekuxhumaneni nabantu, bese uyisiza ikhulume.
• Yiba nesineke futhi unike ingane yakho isikhathi sokukhuluma. Uma uyikhulumela, ingase izizwe sengathi yenza iphutha. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ngayo ukunqoba ukwesaba kwayo nokukhathazeka ngokukhuluma. Zisize ziqonde ukuthi kuhle ukucabanga ngaphambi kokuba ziphendule, futhi zizinike isikhathi sazo.
• Mncome ngemizamo yakhe. Uma ingane yakho ikhuluma, mncome ngalokho. Mnike umvuzo (ngamazwi) ngalokho akwenzile. Menze azizwe kahle ngokukhuluma.
• Ungazami ukubakhuthaza ngokubajezisa. Izingane ezesaba ukujeziswa uma zingakhulumi zingase zikuthole kunzima ukukhuluma ngoba zizokwesaba kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinto "ezibangela" i-selective mutism?

"Izimbangela" zokuvuvukala kwemizwa yizimo noma izizathu ezenza umuntu onalesi simo angakwazi ukukhuluma. Ezinye izibonelo ezivamile yilezi:

• Kuzwakala sengathi abanye abantu basondelene kakhulu, kuzwakala sengathi bangena emingceleni yabo .
• Abanye bakhuluma kakhulu futhi baziphatha kabi.
• Abantu ongabazi, abantu abasha.
• Izici zomzimba zabanye, isibonelo , abantu abade kakhulu futhi abanokubukeka okukhulu.
• Izenzo noma ukuziphatha kwabanye, isib., abantu ababonakala bekhathazekile, bengenabungane, noma abenza izenzo ezimbi .
• Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nomsindo omningi.
• Izindawo ezihlotshaniswa nezinkumbulo ezidabukisayo nezingathandeki.
• Izindawo engingakaze ngizivakashele ngaphambili.
• Kusha ngokuphelele, noma izimo lapho ingane ike yaba nesipiliyoni esingaphumelelanga ngaphambilini.

Lezi ezinye nje zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimbangela ezihlukile neziqondile kakhulu kunalezi. Izimbangela nazo zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe i-selective mutism uhlobo lwe-autism?

Cha, i-Selective Mutism kanye ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-autism banamathuba amaningi okuba ne-selective mutism.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Selective mutism yisimo lapho ingane ingakwazi ukukhuluma ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka. Ngokuvamile iqala isencane kakhulu esikoleni, kodwa ingathinta nentsha kanye nabantu abadala. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izingane ezinalesi simo azinankani noma aziphenduli. Akuyona futhi into ezingayilawula zodwa.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba ne-selective mutism, khuluma nodokotela wezingane noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, futhi uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, umphumela uba ngcono. Ngokukhuthazwa nokusekelwa kwakho, ingane yakho ingafunda ukuzikhulumela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizwi layo ngenxa yokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka.

Ukukhetha ukungakhulumi, ukungakhulumi, impilo yengqondo yezingane, ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba abantu, ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, ukuziphatha kwezingane