Ingabe unesibazi esincane, esiyindilinga, mhlawumbe esicwile kancane engalweni yakho, ngaphansi nje kwehlombe? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wasibona lesi sibabazi ezandleni zikamama wakho, ubaba, noma ogogo nomkhulu. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isibazi esidala nje. Kodwa empeleni kukhona indaba enkulu ngemuva kwaso. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi sibabazi somuthi wokugomela i-smallpox.
Iyini ngempela inxeba lokugomela i-smallpox?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi ugonyelwe i-smallpox. Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuba yindilinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imiphetho ingaphakanyiswa kancane. Kungabuye kucwile kancane futhi kube phansi kunesikhumba esizungezile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi yokugoma ezibangela lesi sibazi:
- I-ACAM2000™: Lona umuthi wokugoma osetshenziswa njengamanje ukuvikela i-smallpox. Kodwa-ke, awunikezwa wonke umuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-smallpox isisusiwe emhlabeni ngenxa yezinhlelo zokugoma ezaqalwa ngaphansi kobuholi be-World Health Organization, manje inikezwa kuphela amaqembu akhethekile, njengezisebenzi zaselabhorethri ezisebenza nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane kanye nabasebenzi bezempi kwamanye amazwe.
- I-Dryvax®: Lona umuthi wokugoma owawusetshenziswa ngaphambi komjovo we-ACAM2000. Lo muthi wokugoma wanikezwa izigidi zabantu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise neSri Lanka, maphakathi nawo-1900. Lo muthi wokugoma wamiswa ukusetshenziswa emphakathini ngo-1972. Ngemva kwalokho, wanikezwa abantu ababalulekile kuphela, njengabasebenzi bezempilo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma unalesi sibazi esandleni sakho, cishe wathola umuthi wokugomela i-Dryvax® emashumini eminyaka edlule.
Kungani lo muthi wokugoma ubanga isilonda esingaka?
Isizathu salokhu siyathakazelisa. Umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox ushiya isilonda ngoba umuthi wokugomela udala ngamabomu ukutheleleka okuncane, okulawulwayo esikhumbeni sakho. Amasosha omzimba wakho alwa nalesi sifo futhi asinqobe. Yilapho "ukulwa" kwenzeka khona, futhi yilapho lesi silonda esincane sishiywa khona.
Nakhu ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani:
Uma udokotela efaka umjovo, usebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile enesihloko esihlukaniswe kabili. Le naliti ifakwe oketshezini lomjovo bese ihlatshwa izikhathi eziningana esikhumbeni sengalo yakho engenhla.
Le ndlela ibangela ukutheleleka okuncane kuleyo ndawo. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, yilokhu okufanele kwenzeke. Lokhu kutheleleka "kuqeqesha" amasosha omzimba wakho, kuwenze alungele ukulwa negciwane langempela le-smallpox uma livela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela ngeke ukukunike i-smallpox. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuthi wokugomela awunalo igciwane elibangela i-smallpox (igciwane le-variola). Esikhundleni salokho, uqukethe igciwane elihlobene nalo kodwa elingenangozi elibizwa ngokuthi i-vaccinia virus. Lapho imizimba yethu ithola amandla okuzivikela kuleli gciwane lokugomela, lawo mandla okuzivikela asivikela futhi egciwaneni langempela le-smallpox.
Zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-3-4 zokuthola umuthi wokugoma, indawo izoba bomvu, ivuvuke kancane, futhi ilume. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuthatha." Kusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usebenza kahle.
- Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, leli phuzu elibomvu liphenduka i-blister egcwele ubomvu.
- Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba yi-10, lokhu kuzoqala ukoma kancane.
- Okulandelayo, kwakheka uqweqwe kuleyo ndawo.
- Lolu hlobo lwesikhumba luzowa ezinsukwini ezingu-14-21, lushiye isibazi esincane esishonile.
Lesi sibazi siyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi umzimba wakho uphumelele ekwakheni amasosha omzimba wokulwa ne-smallpox.
Kungani ngingenalo leli nxeba? Ingabe umuthi wokugoma awuzange usebenze?
Uma usanda kunikezwa umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox (isibonelo, ngomsebenzi okhethekile) futhi ungazange ube nokuvuvukala, kungenzeka ukuthi umuthi wokugomela awukawuthathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awukaphenduli. Kodwa udokotela uzokubona lokhu ngaphambi kokuba wenze kanjalo.
Udokotela uvame ukuhlola indawo ukuthi ayinamabala yini phakathi nesonto lokuqala ngemva kokugonywa. Uma kungekho zimpawu ezinjalo ezibonakala, kunganconywa ukugonywa okuphindaphindiwe.
Kulabo abathole umuthi wokugoma kudala, izibazi zingase ziphele kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuvamile.
Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalesi sibazi kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-mpox osanda kukhulunywa ngawo?
Yebo, kukhona ukuxhumana. I-smallpox kanye ne-mpox (eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-monkeypox) zombili zibangelwa umndeni ofanayo wamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, umuthi wokugomela i-smallpox ungahlinzeka ngesivikelo esithile ku-mpox.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi yokugoma esetshenziswa ukuvikela isimungumungwane. Omunye umuthi wokugoma we -ACAM2000™ esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. Ngokuqinisekile ubanga isilonda.
Omunye umuthi wokugomela ubizwa ngokuthi i-JYNNEOS® . Unemiphumela emibi embalwa, ngakho amazwe amaningi ayawusebenzisa ku-mpox. Ukuthi umuthi wokugomela i-JYNNEOS® ubanga ukuqubuka noma cha kuncike endleleni yokuphathwa. Ake sibheke lezi zindlela ezimbili ngale ndlela.
| Indlela yokuphatha umuthi wokugomela | Incazelo kanye nokuvela kwezibazi |
|---|---|
| Indlela ye-intradermal | Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka umuthi wokugoma ngaphakathi kwebunzi lakho. Umuthi wokugoma ufakwa phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili eziphezulu zesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis kanye ne-dermis). Isikhumba siqukethe amangqamuzana amaningi omzimba, ngakho-ke umthamo omncane ungaveza impendulo enkulu.Le ndlela ingabangela izibazi kwabanye abantu. |
| Indlela engaphansi kwesikhumba | Lona umjovo ongalweni engenhla. Umuthi ufakwa engxenyeni ejulile yesikhumba (i-"hypodermis"). Le ndlela ngokuvamile ayishiyi isibazi. |
Ake sifunde futhi ngezibazi ze-keloid.
Uma inxeba lesikhumba liphola, abanye abantu baba nesibazi esikhulu, esivuvukile, nesijiyile kunesibazi esivamile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isibazi se-keloid . Abantu abake baba nezibazi ze-keloid ngaphambili banamathuba amaningi okuthola isibazi esifanayo futhi uma benikwa umjovo we-Intradermal. Ngakho-ke uma unomlando onjalo, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu yokujova.
Ingabe ukuba nesibazi se-smallpox kusho ukuthi uvikelekile ku-measles?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Impendulo ithi, "Angikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile, udinga ukucela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuqinisekise."
Ukuba nesibazi kunganikeza izinga elithile lokuvikelwa, kodwa ukuthi leso sivikelo siqine kangakanani kuncike ezintweni eziningana:
- Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani kusukela wagonywa? (Amasosha omzimba aqala ukuncipha ngemva kweminyaka emi-3-5).
- Uthole muphi umuthi wokugoma?
- Injani impilo yakho iyonke?
Kodwa nansi enye into ebalulekile. Akuzona zonke izibazi eziyindilinga esandleni sakho eziyizibazi zokugomela i-smallpox. ESri Lanka, umuthi wokugomela i-Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), ovame kakhulu kithi ukulwa nesifo sofuba, nawo ubangela isibazi esifanayo. Izibazi ze-BCG zivame ukuba sengalweni engenhla kwesobunxele. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi unesibazi se-smallpox noma isibazi se-BCG esandleni sakho.
Ngakho-ke, ungabheki nje isilonda bese ucabanga ukuthi uvikelekile ku-Mpox. Udokotela womndeni wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokwazi umlando wakho wokugoma kanye nesivikelo esiqondile osidingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuqubuka komjovo we-smallpox kuwuphawu lokuthi umzimba wakho uphumelele ekwakheni amasosha omzimba ngokumelene ne-smallpox.
- Lesi sibazi sakha njengempendulo yomzimba ekuthelelekeni okulawulwayo okubangelwa umuthi wokugomela esikhumbeni.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi isilonda esisesandleni sakho sivela emgomeni we-smallpox noma emgomeni we-BCG, okuyinto evame kakhulu eSri Lanka.
- Nakuba ukuba khona kwesici emgomeni omdala we-smallpox kungase kukuvikele ekuhlaselweni yi-mpox, ungathembeli ngokuphelele kuyo.
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nomlando wakho wokugoma, umlando wokugoma, noma ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezifana nesimungumungwane, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
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