Wake wawabona amagama afana ne-Cholesterol kanye ne-Triglycerides uma ubheka umbiko wegazi? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ukuthi, "I-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kancane, qaphela." Sonke siyayesaba kancane igama elithi 'cholesterol', akunjalo? Kodwa ayini ngempela lawa ma-Lipid, noma njengoba sivame ukuwabiza kanjalo, amafutha asemizimbeni yethu? Ingabe ayingozi emizimbeni yethu kuphela? Noma ingabe kukhona amahle? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla ukuze siphendule yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni.
Kalula nje, ayini lawa mafutha?
Kalula nje, ama-lipid ayiqembu lamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu anesimo samafutha noma i-wax. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi awancibiliki emanzini. Cabanga uma ufaka uwoyela kakhukhunathi engilazini yamanzi, angantanta phezulu, kodwa angahlangani namanzi, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela ama-lipid atholakala ngayo egazini lethu.
Lawa mafutha abalulekile emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafutha awamane nje 'amabi'. Kodwa njenganoma yini, izinkinga ziyavela uma ziningi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zama-lipid esivame ukuzwa ngazo kanye nezindaba zawo
Uma sikhuluma ngama-lipid, kubalulekile ukwazi ngabadlali abambalwa ababalulekile. Cishe uke wezwa la magama ngaphambili.
1. I-Cholesterol: Leli yilungu elaziwa kakhulu emndenini wama-lipid. I-Cholesterol ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze imunce amafutha namavithamini futhi ikhiqize ama-hormone.
2. Ama-Triglycerides: Lawa ayindlela eyinhloko yomzimba wethu yokugcina amandla. Amakhalori engeziwe esiwathola ekudleni esikudlayo aguqulwa abe ama-triglycerides ngumzimba futhi agcinwe kumaseli amafutha.
Kodwa kunenkinga encane lapha. Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, i-cholesterol kanye nama-triglyceride akuncibiliki emanzini. Igazi lethu ikakhulukazi liyimanzi. Ngakho-ke zihamba kanjani egazini emzimbeni wonke?
Cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukuwela umfula, kodwa awukwazi ukubhukuda. Wenzani? Ungena esikebheni, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, lawa ma-lipid asebenzisa uhlobo 'lwesikebhe' ukuhamba egazini. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-lipoprotein esikebhe. Akhiwe ngamafutha namaprotheni.
Lawa ma-lipoprotein yilapho indaba ye-cholesterol 'enhle' 'nembi' esiyizwile isekelwe khona.
| Uhlobo lwe-lipoprotein | Igama esilaziyo | Lokho okwenzayo kulula. |
|---|---|---|
| I-High-Density Lipoprotein (i-HDL) | I-cholesterol "enhle" | Lokhu kufana neloli likamasipala likadoti. Liqoqa i-cholesterol engafuneki ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba bese liyiyisa esibindini ukuze ibhujiswe. Ngakho-ke, kusiza ukugcina imithambo yegazi yethu ihlanzekile. Kuhle kakhulu ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-HDL. |
| I-Lipoprotein Ephansi (i-LDL) | I-cholesterol "embi" | Yilokhu okubangela izinkinga. Lapho amazinga e-LDL enyuka, le cholesterol iqala ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi yethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunganqwabelana futhi kuvale imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yezifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. |
| I-Lipoprotein Ephansi Kakhulu (i-VLDL) | Umthwali we-triglycerides | Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthutha ama-triglyceride esuka esibindini aye emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ngemva kokuba la ma-VLDL “ebhidliza” ama-triglyceride, okusalayo yilokho okuba yi-LDL “embi” okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini. |
Ezinye izinzuzo zama-lipid emzimbeni wethu
Ngaphezu kwenkinga ye-cholesterol, amafutha anezinye izinzuzo eziningi emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthwa kwawo: Ama-Triglycerides asebenza njengendawo yokugcina amandla eyinhloko emzimbeni wethu.
- Ukuthumela imiyalezo kumaseli: Ama-hormone e-steroid awuhlobo lwe-lipid oludlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwamaseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Ukusiza ekugayweni kokudla: Usawoti we-bile, owenziwa yisibindi usebenzisa i-cholesterol, uyasiza ekugayweni kwamafutha ekudleni esikudlayo.
- Ukuvikela amangqamuzana: Iseli ngalinye emzimbeni wethu linesembozo sangaphandle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-membrane yeseli. Lokhu kwakhiwe ngamafutha. Kufana nesango lendlu. Lesi sembozo samafutha sinquma ukuthi ubani ongangena esitokisini nokuthi ubani ongaphuma.
Izifo ezenzeka lapho amazinga e-lipid ephazamiseka
Ngokuvamile, umzimba wethu ukhiqiza inani lamafutha owadingayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi leli bhalansi liyalahleka. Ngemuva kwalokho, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela.
- I-Hyperlipidemia: Lokhu ukwanda ngokweqile kwamazinga amafutha (i-cholesterol, ama-triglycerides) egazini.
- I-Hypolipidemia: Leli izinga eliphansi lamafutha egazini. Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu.
- I-atherosclerosis: Lona umphumela oyingozi kakhulu. I-LDL noma i-cholesterol "embi" inqwabelana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okubangela ukuba inciphe futhi iqine ngaphakathi. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."
- Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo: Isimo esibangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.
- I-Hypertriglyceridemia: Ukwanda kwamazinga e-triglyceride egazini.
Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezibonisa amazinga aphezulu e-lipid?
Into eyingozi kakhulu lapha ukuthi abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amazinga abo e-cholesterol egazini aphezulu kangakanani . Yingakho abanye abantu beyibiza ngokuthi "umbulali othule." Izimpawu zivela kuphela ngemva kokuba imithambo yegazi isinciphile kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- I-Xanthelasma: Amaqhubu amancane, aphuzi esikhumbeni esizungeze amehlo, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kweso.
- I-Xanthoma: Iqhubu elakhiwe ukubekwa kwamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamalunga ezitho.
- I-Corneal Arcus: Indandatho emhlophe noma empunga ezungeze i-cornea yeso. Lokhu kuvamile njengoba sikhula, kodwa uma ubona lokhu kumuntu osemusha, kungaba uphawu lwamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Ngingazi kanjani kahle ukuthi amazinga ami e-lipid angakanani?
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi amazinga amafutha emzimbeni wakho ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi iphrofayili yamafutha . Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, akudingeki udle noma uphuze lutho (ngaphandle kwamanzi) cishe amahora ayi-10-12 . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzila ukudla. Into engcono kakhulu ukungadli lutho ngemva kuka-8 ntambama bese uyokhipha igazi ngakusasa ekuseni. Ngemuva kwalokho imiphumela izoba nembambo kakhulu.
Futhi, gwema ukuthatha lolu vivinyo uma ugula noma ucindezelekile, njengoba imiphumela ingase ihluke kancane ngezikhathi ezinjalo. Tshela nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo.
Zithini izinombolo ezisembikweni?
Ngokuvamile, amanani embikweni we-Lipid Profile alandelayo (lawa amanani ajwayelekile, futhi udokotela wakho angase alungise imigomo ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sempilo):
- I-Cholesterol Ephelele: Ngaphansi kuka-200 mg/dL kungcono kakhulu.
- I-LDL Cholesterol ("embi"): Kuhle ukuthi ingaphansi kuka-130 mg/dL. Kodwa uma unesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi igcinwe ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL noma ngisho no-70 mg/dL.
- I-HDL Cholesterol ("enhle"): Ngaphezu kuka-60 mg/dL kubhekwa njengokuphephile. Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kungcono.
- Ama-Triglycerides: Ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL kuhle.
Izinto esingazenza ukulawula amazinga e-lipid
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi amazinga e-lipid angalawulwa kakhulu ngokushintsha indlela yethu yokuphila.
1. Izinguquko ekudleni
- Nciphisa amafutha agcwele: Lezi yizitha eziyinhloko ezikhulisa amazinga ethu e-LDL. Nciphisa ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngobisi lukakhukhunathi oluningi, ukudla okunamafutha, inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube), imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele (ushizi, ibhotela), kanye nokudla okusheshayo.
- Khetha amafutha amahle: Amantongomane anjengamafutha omnqumo, amafutha e-canola, ama-avokhado, amantongomane, kanye nama-cashew aqukethe amafutha anempilo.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-fiber: Faka okusanhlamvu okuningi (irayisi elinsundu, i-oats, ibhali), imifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino (ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi oluhlaza). I-fiber isiza ukususa i-cholesterol emzimbeni.
- Nciphisa ukudla okunoshukela nokunofulawa: Izinto ezifana neziphuzo ezinoshukela, amakhekhe, amabhisikidi, nesinkwa zandisa amazinga ethu e-triglyceride.
2. Ukuzivocavoca
Ngokuzilolonga njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, ungandisa amazinga akho e-cholesterol e-HDL "amahle" futhi wehlise amazinga akho e-LDL "amabi" kanye ne-triglyceride.
3. Ezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Njengoba isisindo somzimba sikhula, amazinga amafutha nawo ayanda. Ukunciphisa ngisho nesisindo esincane kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol e-HDL ("enhle") futhi kulimaze imithambo yegazi, kusheshise inqubo ye-atherosclerosis.
- Lala kahle: Ukulala ngokwanele amahora angu-7-9 nsuku zonke nakho kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni iyonke.
- Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho: Uma amazinga akho e-lipid engakwazi ukulawulwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi. Ama-statin ayisigaba semithi esisetshenziswa kakhulu. Kukhona neminye imithi efana ne -bile acid sequestrants, ama-fibrate, kanye nama-PCSK9 inhibitors . Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo njengoba kuqondisiwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-lipid awuhlobo lwamafutha olubalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze iphile. Kodwa-ke, i-LDL ephezulu ("i-cholesterol embi") kanye ne-triglycerides kuyimbangela enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.
- I-cholesterol ephezulu ayibangeli zimpawu , ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwegazi "kwe-Lipid Profile" ukuze wazi amazinga akho e-lipid.
- Amazinga e-lipid angalawulwa kahle ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo , ukugwema ukubhema, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho nokuphuza imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngendlela efanele kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela impilo yenhliziyo yakho.
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