Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ngemva kokudla izithelo ezithile ezomisiwe, iwayini, noma amasoso, ngokuzumayo uzizwa sengathi uyahlanya, unenkinga yokuphefumula, futhi uzizwa ugula esiswini sakho? Mhlawumbe i-asthma yakho iya ngokuya iba yimbi ngokuzumayo. Isizathu salokhu singase sibe lula kunalokho ocabanga. Esikhathini esiningi, umuntu obangela lokhu yikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-sulfite. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu kungezwani komzimba noma ukuzwela kwe-sulfite.
Kalula nje, iyini i-sulfite?
Ama-sulfite angamakhemikhali asetshenziswa njengezilondolozi. Okusho ukuthi, anezelwa ekudleni nasemithini ukuze angaboli. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-apula elisikiwe liba nsundu ngemva kwesikhashana. Ama-sulfite asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukudla okunjalo ukuthi kungashintshi umbala nokuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi akhule futhi angonakali. Isibonelo, ama-sulfite asetshenziswe ekwenzeni iwayini amakhulu eminyaka ukuze kulondolozwe umbala nokunambitheka kwewayini. Okunye ukudla neziphuzo kungase kube nama-sulfite ngokwemvelo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule: I-Sulfite ayiyona into yokungezwani nemithi ye-sulfa. Lezi ezimbili zihluke ngokuphelele. Futhi aziyona into efana ne-sulfur, noma ama-sulfate atholakala ensipheni nasemashampu.
Kutholakale ukuthi phakathi kuka-4% no-5% wabantu abane-asthma bangase babe nalokhu kuzwela kwe-sulfite. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuzwela kwe-sulfite kuvame kakhulu kune-sulfite allergy yangempela (i-IgE-mediated allergy).
Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ne-sulfite?
Izimpawu zobuthi be-sulfite zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bazizwa bengakhululekile kangako, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zimpawu.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezivamile (ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-asthma) |
|
| Izimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu ezinzima (i-Anaphylaxis) |
Kungani lawa ma-sulfite engalungile emizimbeni yethu?
Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani imizimba yabanye abantu isabela kuma-sulfite ngale ndlela, kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa abacabanga ukuthi zingadlala indima.
- Ukuhogela igesi ye-sulfur dioxide: Uma sidla noma siphuza ukudla okuqukethe ama-sulfite, kukhiqiza igesi ebizwa ngokuthi i-sulfur dioxide. Uma le gesi ingena emigudwini yethu yomoya, ingavuselela amangqamuzana emigudwini yomoya, okubangela ukuba avuvuke futhi anciphe. Kumuntu one-asthma, lokhu kungenza i-asthma yakhe ibe yimbi kakhulu.
- Ukusabela okwenziwa yi-IgE: Isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela sinohlobo lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi i-'IgE'. Kufana nezivikeli zomzimba wethu. Umsebenzi wazo ukubona izinto eziyingozi, njengezifo, ezingena emzimbeni bese zinikeza izimpawu zokuzibhubhisa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zizivikeli zenza amaphutha. Ziphambanisa into engeyona ingozi, njenge-sulfite, nesitha esikhulu bese zithumela isexwayiso ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba. Yilapho kuvela khona izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme ye-sulfite oxidase: Lokhu kuyi-enzyme emzimbeni wethu. Kalula nje, i-enzyme iyiprotheni esiza ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Le enzyme ye-sulfite oxidase iphula i-sulfur dioxide bese iyisusa emzimbeni. Abanye abaguli be-asthma banamazinga aphansi ale enzyme emizimbeni yabo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-sulfite anganqwabelana emzimbeni esikhundleni sokuqhekeka nokususwa kahle, okubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu? Futhi ukuqaphela kanjani?
Abantu abane-asthma banamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sokuzwela i-sulfite, kanti abantu abanezinye izifo zokudla nabo bangase babe sengozini enkulu kancane.
Ingabe umuntu ongenaso isifuba angaba nokuzwela kwe-sulfite? Yebo, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Futhi akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu ongenaso isifuba abe nokusabela okukhulu kuma-sulfite.
Ukuxilongwa
Okwamanje akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okungahlonza ngokunembile ukungezwani komzimba ne-sulfite. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzohlonza lesi simo ngokukubuza imibuzo embalwa.
- Ziyini izimpawu zakho?
- Umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-asthma noma ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba
- Ngokwenza isivivinyo sokufuna ukudla
Kulolu vivinyo lwenselele yokudla , udokotela uzokuqala ngedosi encane kakhulu yama-sulfite bese eyandisa kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile inikezwa njengoketshezi noma i-capsule. Udokotela uzokuqapha ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini ukusabela. Uma kwenzeka ukusabela, umsebenzi wamaphaphu akho uzolinganiswa kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-spirometer. Lokhu kwenziwa esibhedlela esinezikhungo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwesaba.
Indlela yokwelapha nokuphatha?
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba noma ukuzwela kwe-sulfite, into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engcono kakhulu okufanele uyenze ukugwema ukudla, iziphuzo, kanye nemithi equkethe i-sulfite ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ethile yokulawula izimpawu.
- I-Cromolyn: Lona umuthi oqinisa amaseli e-mast abangela ukungezwani komzimba.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Ama-Bronchodilator: Lezi yizinhlobo ze-inhaler ezisetshenziswa abantu abane-asthma. Zivula indlela yokuphefumula futhi zenze kube lula ukuphefumula.
- Ama-Antihistamine: Lawa asiza ngezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, njengesikhumba esilumayo kanye nekhala eligobhozayo, kunezimpawu ze-asthma.
- I-Vitamin B12: Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-vitamin B12 inganciphisa ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nama-sulfite. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Ungazigwema kanjani izinto eziqukethe ama-sulfite?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukudla nemithi equkethe ama-sulfite amaningi. Yenza umkhuba ukufunda ilebula uma uthenga okuthile esitolo.
| Hlola ukuthi la magama ashiwo yini kulebula. | |
|---|---|
| I-sulfur dioxide | I-Potassium bisulfite |
| I-metabisulfite ye-potassium | I-sodium bisulfite |
| I-Sodium metabisulfite | I-Sodium sulfite |
Ukudla okungase kube namazinga aphezulu e-sulfite
| Uhlobo lokudla/lokuphuza | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izinhlobo zotshwala | Ubhiya, iwayini (ikakhulukazi iwayini elimhlophe) |
| Ukudla okomile | Izithelo ezomisiwe (amagilebhisi, ama-apricot), amazambane omisiwe |
| Iziphuzo ezilungisiwe | Ijusi likalamula elisebhodleleni, iziphuzo zezithelo, iziphuzo ezibandayo |
| Amasosi kanye ne-Gravy | Amasosi asebhodleleni, izingxube ze-gravy, ama-molasses |
| Ukudla kwasolwandle | I-shrimp, i-lobster, nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinamagobolondo |
| Imikhiqizo yebhikawozi | Ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezibhakiwe (amabhisikidi, amaphayi, i-pizza) |
Imithi engase iqukathe ama-sulfite
Eminye imithi ingase ibe nama-sulfite njengesivikelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngokuzwela kwakho kwe-sulfite uma unikezwa noma yimuphi umuthi.
Ezinye izibonelo:
- Imithi efana ne-adrenaline (Epinephrine), i-noradrenaline (Norepinephrine) (kufaka phakathi ezinye izidambisi-zinhlungu zamazinyo)
- Eminye imithi ye-corticosteroid (amafutha kanye nemijovo), njenge-dexamethasone
- Ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antifungal ezisetshenziswa endaweni ethile
- I-Dopamine
- Ama-antibiotic afana nama-aminoglycoside kanye ne -doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline )
- I-Propofol (umuthi osetshenziselwa ukubulala izinzwa)
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma uzizwa sengathi i-asthma noma i-allergies yakho ayilawulwa kahle, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Bangakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi yini ngempela ekubangelayo futhi bakunikeze iseluleko sokuthi ungazigwema kanjani.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma uba ne-asthma enzima engalawulwa yimithi yakho (isib. ama-inhaler), noma uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezimpawu ezilandelayo zokungezwani komzimba , hamba ngokushesha esibhedlela esiseduze noMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya
- Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, ubuso, noma umphimbo
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma unesizungu
- Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
Uma une-allergy ye-sulfite, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqaphele imithi okufanele uyisebenzise esimweni esiphuthumayo (isib., i-epinephrine auto-injector).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuzwela kwe-sulfite kuyisimo sangempela, ikakhulukazi esivame kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma.
- Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphelele ekungezwani komzimba nemithi "ye-sulfa".
- Ukulawula okuyinhloko ukugwema ukudla, iziphuzo, kanye nemithi equkethe ama-sulfite. Kulokhu, ukufunda amalebula okudla kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, ungaqageli bese ubona udokotela ofanelekayo ukuze akutholele ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Qaphela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokushesha esimweni esinjalo.
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