Cabanga nje ukuthi imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke ifana nenethiwekhi yemigwaqo edolobheni. Kukule migwaqo lapho igazi lihamba khona, lithwele umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingwa yiwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, lokhu kuhamba kwezimoto kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Kodwa kwenzekani uma kungazelelwe isithiyo esikhulu, njengetshe elikhulu, sivimba lo mgwaqo omkhulu? Ukuhamba kwezimoto kuyema ngokuphelele, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo uma kwakheka ihlule legazi (i-thrombus) komunye wemithambo yethu yegazi. Lokhu kuyeka ukuhamba kwegazi, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu esithweni esinikezwa yilowo mthambo, futhi kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Namuhla sikhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwa ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo esimweni esiyingozi kangaka.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Thrombectomy?
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Thrombectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa yokususa ihlule legazi elingene emthanjeni wakho wegazi (kungaba umthambo noma umthambo). Kufana nokususa iqhubu elisepayipini lamanzi bese uliphinda ligeleze. Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlinzwa ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile okuvinjwe yiqhubu legazi.
Lawa mahlule egazi angakheka ezindaweni ezahlukene emizimbeni yethu. Okuvame kakhulu yile:
- Emilenzeni
- Ezandleni
- Amathumbu
- Ebuchosheni
- Emaphashini
- Enhliziyweni
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlinzwa kudingeka kwenziwe zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, ngoba uma kungenziwanga kahle, kunethuba elikhulu lokulahlekelwa yilungu noma ngisho nokuphila.
Ubani ngempela odinga lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Uma une-clot yegazi, udokotela wakho uzoqala azame ukuyelapha ngemithi. Isibonelo, unganikezwa ama-anticoagulant noma ama-thrombolytics. Kodwa-ke, uma le mithi ingalawuli i-clot, noma uma i-clot inkulu futhi esimweni esiphuthumayo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwenza i-thrombectomy.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa yilezi:
- Vimbela izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila: Uma kwenzeka ihlule legazi emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi oholela ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni, lingabulala.
- Misa unomphela umonakalo wezitho zomzimba: Uma igazi elingangeni noma emlenzeni linqamuka, izicubu ezikuleso sitho zizoqala ukufa. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kungabuyiselwa ngokushesha, isitho singase singasebenzi noma kudingeke sinqunywe.
- Vimbela i-embolus: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheke endaweni ethile liphuka, lihamba negazi, bese libhajwa kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, isibonelo, emaphashini. Lesi futhi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Ingabe zikhona izizathu zokungahlinzwa nge-thrombectomy?
Yebo, akuwona wonke umuntu ongenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Kwezinye izimo, umonakalo wokwenza lokhu ungase ube ngaphezu kwezinzuzo. Uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukungakwenzi lokhu kuhlinzwa:
- Uma ihlule legazi lisendaweni okunzima kakhulu ukuyifinyelela ngokuhlinzwa.
- Uma ihlule legazi lisemzimbeni wegazi omncane kakhulu , ukufaka izinto ezisetshenziswayo endaweni enjalo ukuze kususwe ihlule kungalimaza umthambo ngokwawo.
- Uma ungakwazi ukulawula ukujiya kwegazi lakho kahle ngemithi .
- Uma unesifo segazi esivele sikhona.
- Uma kukhona ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho (ukuvuza kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho) .
- Uma une- high blood pressure lokho akunakulawulwa ngisho nangemithi.
- Uma ihlule legazi lingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ubudala futhi lihlala isikhathi eside .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela kuphela ohlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho sezokwelapha onganquma ukuthi udinga ukuhlinzwa kwe-thrombectomy noma cha.
Izimo eziyinhloko eziphathwa nge-thrombectomy
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa izimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isimo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ukwakheka kwehlule legazi emthanjeni ojulile emzimbeni (ngokuvamile emlenzeni). |
| I-Acute Limb Ischemia | Ukuvaleka okungazelelwe kwegazi eliphuma emthanjeni wegazi elihambisa igazi engalweni noma emlenzeni. |
| Isifo sohlangothi | Ukulimala kwengxenye yobuchopho ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi okuvalela umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni. |
| Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo (Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo Okungapheli) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni ngehlule legazi. |
| I-Pulmonary Embolism | Ihlule legazi elakheke kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuvamile emlenzeni) liyaqhekeka bese lihlala emthanjeni emaphashini. |
| I-Acute Mesenteric Ischemia | Ukuvaleka okungazelelwe komthambo ohambisa igazi emathunjini. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwe-thrombectomy?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
| Ukuhlinzwa / Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Thrombectomy Okuvulekile | Ukususwa Kwe-Thrombectomy Engangeni Kancane/Engena Kancane |
|---|---|
| Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo usika isikhumba phezu komthambo lapho kukhona khona ihlule legazi, avule umthambo wegazi, bese esusa ihlule legazi ngqo. Ngokuqondile, umthambo wegazi uyasikwa, kufakwa ithuluzi elincane elifana nebhaluni kuwo, bese kukhishwa ihlule legazi. Umthambo ube usuthungwa ndawonye. | Lokhu akuhileli ukusikwa okukhulu. Kwenziwa imbobo encane esikhumbeni, bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter emthanjeni wegazi. Bese kuthi, kusetshenziswa amasu okuthwebula izithombe njenge-X-ray, leli payipi liqondiswe endaweni lapho igazi liqhekekile khona. Lapho, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile ukuphula igobolondo legazi libe yizicucu noma ukulimunca njengesihlanzi se-vacuum. |
| Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. | Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokunikeza isiguli umuthi wokudambisa (ukudambisa). Akudingeki umuthi omkhulu wokubulala izinzwa. |
Yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenziwa njengokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, ngakho-ke ungase ungabi nesikhathi sokulungiselela. Kodwa-ke, uma kuwukuhlinzwa okuhleliwe, udokotela wakho uzokutshela okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Bangase ba-ode ukuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-CT scan ukuze babone usayizi oqondile nendawo lapho igazi liqhekekile khona.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukubhema kungabangela izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuyeka imithi ethile: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa amavithamini kanye nemithi yamakhambi. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Le nqubo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo. Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo lapho igazi liqhekekile khona, inqubo ingathatha ihora noma amahora amaningana. Ngokuvamile, yilokhu okwenzekayo:
1. I-Anesthesia/Ukudambisa: I-Anesthesia noma umuthi wokudambisa uzofakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu.
2. Ukusikwa/ukubhoboza: Ekuhlinzweni okuqondile, isikhumba siyasikwa lapho kukhona khona umthambo wegazi. Ngendlela yokusikwa okuncane, kwenziwa imbobo encane esikhumbeni iye emthanjeni.
3. Ukuhlanza (Indlela Ehamba Ngohlangothi): I-cannula (i-catheter) kanye nezintambo kufakwa emthanjeni ngembobo bese kuqondiswa endaweni lapho igazi liqhekekile khona ngenkathi kubhekwe ukuskena.
4. Ukususa ihlule legazi: Ekuhlinzeni okuqondile, ihlule likhishwa nge-cannula yebhaluni. Ngezinye izindlela, ihlule liyachotshozwa, lincibilikiswe, noma likhishwe ngamathuluzi akhethekile.
5. Ukuvalwa: Ekuhlinzweni okuqondile, umthambo wegazi osikiwe kanye nesikhumba kuyathungwa ndawonye. Kwenye indlela, i-cannula iyasuswa bese imbobo ivalwa ngenkani noma kusetshenziswe idivayisi ekhethekile (idivayisi yokuvala imithambo yegazi) ukuvala imbobo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Futhi yiziphi izingozi?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa ewadini yokuqapha futhi izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile (umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, njll.) zizoqashwa ngokucophelela. Abanye abantu bangaya ekhaya ngalolo suku. Kodwa abanye abantu kuzodingeka bahlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kuya ngesimo sakho.
Endleleni yakho eya ekhaya, udokotela uzokutshela ngalezi zinto:
- Indlela yokunakekela indlela yokusika.
- Imithi okufanele uyithathe nokungafanele uyithathe.
- Umsebenzi ojwayelekile ungaphinde uqale nini?
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa, i-thrombectomy inezingozi ezithile, kodwa lezi zingozi ngokuvamile zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nomonakalo obangelwa ukuba nehlule legazi.
Ake sibheke izinzuzo nezingozi eziyinhloko.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukusindisa izimpilo. | Ukulimala komthambo wegazi noma ukucinana kwawo (stenosis). |
| Ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa yilungu, njengengalo noma umlenze. | Ukopha ngokweqile. |
| Ukunciphisa ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa yizimo ezifana nokukhubazeka. | Ukuqongelela kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (iHematoma). |
| Buyisela ngokushesha ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi umise umonakalo ezithweni zomzimba. | Izimo ezithathelwanayo. |
| Ihlule legazi liyaqhekeka bese libhajwa emaphashini (pulmonary embolism). | |
| Okunye ukugoba kwegazi. |
Izimo eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukuvakashela udokotela
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya uvela ekuhlinzweni, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala . Noma, uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ukopha: Uma kukhona ukopha okuvela endaweni yokuhlinzwa.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba ngokuzumayo noma ukuqina.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Uma uzizwa unenkinga yokuphefumula ngokuzumayo.
- Ukudideka: Uma uzizwa unesizungu noma unekhanda elibuhlungu, noma uma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ingqondo.
- Ukuzungeza noma ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi: Uma uzizwa uzungeza futhi unenkinga yokuhamba.
- Umkhuhlane: Uma unomkhuhlane, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka.
- Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni.
- Kuphuma uketshezi olufana nobovu oluvela endaweni yokusikwa.
Lezi zimpawu zingaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu, ngakho ungazinaki.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukususwa kwe-Thrombectomy kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha esindisa impilo esusa ngokuhlinzwa ihlule legazi elibhajwe emthanjeni wegazi.
- Akuwona wonke amahlule egazi adinga lokhu kuhlinzwa. Iningi lawo lingelashwa ngemithi. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo nezibucayi.
- Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa (ukuhlinzwa okuqondile kanye nokuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu). Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela (imithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila) ngqo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi futhi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zivele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma kuvela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezinjalo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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