Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele ngendlela engavamile ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma uzizwa ungakhululekile, sengathi wehlisa isisindo? Mhlawumbe kukhona ukuvuvukala okuncane ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, noma into efana naleyo, njengobuhlungu uma uyithinta? Ngezinye izikhathi ngemuva kwalezi zinto kungaba nenkinga ngendlala yakho yegilo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esivamile, kodwa esingaziwayo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-thyroiditis'.
Okokuqala, ake sibone, iyini le ndlala yegilo?
Kalula nje, i-thyroid gland iyisitho esincane esimise okwebhabhathane esitholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngaphambili kwentamo yethu. Siyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu ye-endocrine yomzimba wethu. Imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa komzimba, kanye nesivinini esiguqula ngaso ukudla esikudlayo kube amandla (i-metabolism), kulawulwa ama-hormone akhiqizwa yile gland encane.
Manje, iyini i-Thyroiditis ? Kuwukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwe-thyroid gland. Njengoba nje lapho sithola ukulimala endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu, indawo iyavuvukala futhi ibe bomvu, lapho i-thyroid gland yonakele ngesizathu esithile, nayo iyavuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-thyroid gland. Okusho ukuthi, iqala ukukhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu, noma ingakhiqiza amancane kakhulu.
Izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-thyroiditis yilezi:
Ezimweni eziningi ze-thyroiditis, umzimba wakho ungadlula ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko. Kufana nokusebenza efektri.
1. Isigaba sobuthi be-Thyrotoxic: Lokhu kufana nefektri ephuma ekulawuleni bese ikhipha umkhiqizo omningi kakhulu emakethe ngokuzumayo. Lapho i-thyroid gland ivuvukala, ama-hormone agcinwe ngaphakathi kuyo akhishwa ngokuzumayo egazini. Lokhu kubangela amazinga akho e-thyroid hormone akhuphuke kakhulu amasonto ambalwa noma inyanga noma ezimbili.
2. Isigaba se-Hypothyroid: Manje njengoba ifektri isikhiphe zonke izimpahla ngesikhathi esisodwa, ayisenazo izinto zokusetshenziswa zokuzenza futhi. Futhi, ngemva kokuba wonke ama-hormone esekhishwe endlaleni eya egazini, kuvela isimo lapho ama-hormone amasha engenakukhiqizwa khona. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lama-hormone e-thyroid emzimbeni wakho lehla kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Thyroiditis, isibonelo, i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, leli zinga eliphansi lama-hormone lingaba unomphela.
3. Isigaba se-Euthyroid: Lesi yisigaba sokululama. Njengoba nje imboni iqala ukusebenza futhi ikhiqiza izimpahla njengenjwayelo, indlala yegilo iyaphola futhi iqala ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ngokujwayelekile futhi. Abanye abantu bangangena kulesi sigaba ngqo ngemva kwesigaba sama-hormone aphezulu, noma bangangena kulesi sigaba ngemva kwesigaba sama-hormone aphansi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-thyroiditis?
I-thyroiditis ayisona isifo esisodwa. Yiqembu lezifo ezingabangelwa yizici ezahlukene. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-thyroiditis | Kalula nje, yilokhu okwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| I-Hashimoto's thyroiditis | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela indlala yawo yegilo. Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlala ingonakalisa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni kungancishiswa unomphela (i-Hypothyroidism). |
| I-thyroiditis ethule noma engenabuhlungu | Lesi futhi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba. Njengoba igama lisho, abukho ubuhlungu entanyeni, kodwa ungabona izigaba zokwanda nokwehla kwama-hormone. |
| I-thyroiditis yangemva kokubeletha | Lesi yisimo esingaba khona komama phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuthola umntwana. Imbangela yi-autoimmune. Esikhathini esiningi, kuba okwesikhashana. |
| I-thyroiditis ebangelwa imisebe | Kungabangelwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza noma ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe ukuze kwandiswe ama-hormone e-thyroid. |
| I-Subacute thyroiditis | Kukholakala ukuthi kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kungavela ngemva kokuba umphimbo obuhlungu noma umkhuhlane usudlulile. Kungase kube nobuhlungu obukhulu entanyeni. |
| I-thyroiditis ethelelanayo ebukhali | Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho igciwane, njengebhaktheriya, lingena endlaleni yegilo bese liyithelela. Nalapha futhi, ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nomkhuhlane kungavela. |
| I-thyroiditis ebangelwa izidakamizwa | Kungaba umphumela omubi wemithi ethile (isib. i-Amiodarone, i-Lithium, i-Interferons). Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othatha le mithi ozoyithola. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Thyroiditis?
Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwe-thyroiditis onayo kanye nesigaba (ama-hormone aphezulu noma aphansi) okuso. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingavela kulezi zigaba ezimbili.
| Izimpawu zokwanda kwama-hormone (i-thyrotoxicosis) | Izimpawu zama-hormone aphansi (i-Hypothyroidism) |
|---|---|
| Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha | Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala) |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwanda kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu |
| Ukuzizwa ulambile ngaso sonke isikhathi | Ukuqunjelwa |
| Ukungahlaliseki, ukucasuka | Ukucindezeleka noma umuzwa wokudabuka |
| Ukungalali | Isikhumba esomile |
| Ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuzizwa ushisa | Ukungabekezeleli umkhuhlane |
| Ukuthuthumela | Ubuthakathaka bemisipha |
| - | Ubunzima bokugxila |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hyperthyroidism engalashwa ingaholela esimweni esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-thyroid storm'. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-104 F), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-140 beats ngomzuzu), noma ukudideka, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) esibhedlela esiseduze nawe ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho bese ehlola intamo yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kusolwa ukuthi i-thyroiditis ibangelwa yilesi sifo, bazokuyala ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana, njengokuthi:
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-thyroid: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kukala amazinga ama-hormone i-TSH, i-T3, kanye ne-T4 egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakutshela ngqo ukuthi usesigabeni sama-hormone aphezulu noma aphansi.
- I-ultrasound ye-thyroid: Lokhu kungahlola ukuma nobukhulu be-thyroid gland, ukuthi kukhona yini amaqhubu kuyo, nokuthi ukujikeleza kwegazi kunjani.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-thyroiditis yakho ibangelwa yini yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ESR kanye ne-CRP: Lokhu nakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Lokhu kuphezulu kakhulu kwi-subacute kanye ne-acute thyroiditis.
- Ukuthathwa kwe-iodine enomsebe (ukuhlolwa kwe-RAIU):Lokhu kuhilela ukukunika inani elincane le-iodine enemisebe ukuze uphuze bese ulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-iodine emuncwe yi-thyroid gland yakho emahoreni ambalwa kamuva. Lokhu kumuncwa kuphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi sesigaba sokusebenza ngokweqile kwama-hormone se-thyroiditis.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike kuhlobo lwe-thyroiditis onayo kanye nezimpawu zakho.
Ukwelashwa kokungalingani kwama-hormone
Njengoba lesi sigaba sivame ukuba sesikhashana, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze umuthi, njenge-beta-blockers, ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuthuthumela. Umuthi uvame ukuyekiswa lapho izimpawu seziphelile.
Ukwelashwa kokuntuleka kwama-hormone
Uma unesifo esibangela ukuntuleka kwama-hormone unomphela, njenge-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza amaphilisi e-hormone ye-thyroid yangaphandle (njenge-levothyroxine). Lokhu kungadinga ukuthathwa impilo yakho yonke.
Kwezinye izinhlobo, uma ukuntuleka kwama-hormone kungokwesikhashana, la maphilisi ama-hormone anikezwa cishe izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12, bese emiswa bese kubonakala ukuthi i-gland isebenza futhi.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithile
- Kwezinhlungu: Kunikezwa ama-painkiller (ama-NSAID) ezimweni ezibuhlungu njenge-subacute thyroiditis. Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu, ukwelashwa ngama-steroid kungadingeka.
- Uma kutholakala izifo: Kunikezwa ama-antibiotic uma kutholakala izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-thyroiditis ethelelanayo ebukhali. Uma sekuvele ithumba, kungadingeka likhishwe ngenaliti.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, njenge-Riedel thyroiditis, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
Lokhu akunakuvinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela izinhlobo eziningi ze-thyroiditis, njengoba eziningi zazo zibangelwa amasosha omzimba ethu. Kodwa-ke, uma welashwa ngemisebe yesifo noma uthatha imithi engabangela i-thyroiditis, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho futhi uqaphele izingozi.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-thyroiditis, ungesabi. Lesi yisimo esingelashwa kahle, silawulwe, futhi singelapheke. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo bese ubuyela ukuzohlolwa njalo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-thyroiditis ukuvuvukala kwendlala yegilo. Akuyona umdlavuza.
- Kulesi simo, ama-hormone angakhula ekuqaleni (i-hyperthyroidism), bese ehla (i-hypothyroidism).
- Qaphela uma unezimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukungaphumuli, ubuhlungu bentamo, noma ukuvuvukala.
- Lesi simo singatholakala kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kanye nokuskena.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zezinhlobo eziningi ze-thyroiditis. Ezinye zingezesikhashana, kanti ezinye zingadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
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