Ingabe nawe uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emilenzeni yakho, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba ibanga elifushane? Ingabe ubuhlungu buyaphela uma uhleli isikhashana bese uhamba futhi? Noma uzwa ukungakhululeki emilenzeni yakho, ukubanda emilenzeni yakho, noma umuzwa wokuthi ngisho nesilonda esincane kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuvaleka okuthile ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi yomzimba wakho, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni ethwala igazi liye emilenzeni yakho. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesisombululo esishintsha impilo ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlinzwa 'kokudlula'.
Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi siyini isifo semithambo yegazi.
Kalula nje, lokhu kuyinkinga ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba wethu unenethiwekhi yemithambo ethwala igazi kuwo wonke amakhona. Njengohlelo lwamapayipi oluletha amanzi endlini yethu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithambo. Imithambo ethwala igazi elihlanzekile (elinomoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba) lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo . Imithambo ethwala igazi elingcolile lisuka emzimbeni libuyela enhliziyweni ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo .
Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi 'Isifo Semithambo', izinto ezifana namafutha kanye ne-cholesterol zinqwabelana ngaphakathi kwezindonga zale mithambo, njengokugqwala okwakheka epayipini lamanzi, futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kuyancipha kancane kancane. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'Isifo Semithambo Engasogwini' (i-PAD) . Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuncipha kanje, izitho ezikude nenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi imilenze, azitholi umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezizidingayo. Yingakho izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu kanye nokungazweli zivela lapho uhamba.
Cabanga nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma othile enyathela ipayipi elinisela izihlahla engadini yakho? Amanzi avela ekugcineni kwepayipi abezoncipha, akunjalo? Kwenzeka okufanayo emithanjeni yegazi emilenzeni yethu.
Ngakho-ke kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?
Kulungile, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi iyini i-valled artery. 'Bypass' isho ukudala umzila ohlukile walo mthambo ovalekile.
Cabanga nje ukuthi kunezimoto eziningi emgwaqweni iColombo-City Road, futhi izimoto azikwazi ukuhamba. Uhulumeni wenzani-ke? Bakha umgwaqo omusha omkhulu ukuze badlule lowo mgwaqo, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa umthambo wegazi omusha noma ipayipi lokwenziwa ukuze adlule umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe, okudala indlela entsha yokuthi igazi ligeleze ngaphandle kwesithiyo.
Lo mgwaqo osanda kwakhiwa siwubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlanganiswa' . Lo 'kuhlanganiswa' kusetshenziswa kanje:
1. Umthambo ovela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho: Umthambo ovame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu umthambo we-saphenous, otholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba somlenze. Ngezinye izikhathi, umthambo ongalweni nawo ungasetshenziswa. Lena inketho engcono kakhulu.
2. Ipayipi elenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa:Ezimweni lapho umthambo ungafinyelelwa khona emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi uma umthambo wegazi okufanele udlule kuwo mkhulu kakhulu (isibonelo, i-aorta esiswini sakho), kusetshenziswa ipayipi lokwenziwa elinjengaleli.
Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlinzwa ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukuphulukisa amanxeba, futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, kukusindise engozini yokunqunywa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Lezi ziqanjwa ngokwendawo lapho umthambo wegazi ovalekile kanye nomthambo omusha kuxhumene khona. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa ezweni lethu.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Kalula nje, kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| I-Aortobifemoral Bypass | Lokhu kuhilela ukudala indlela entsha esuka engxenyeni engezansi ye-aorta esiswini iye emithanjeni emibili eyinhloko ethwala igazi liye emilenzeni (imithambo ye-femoral). Isimo sale graft sifana no-'Y' obheke phansi. |
| I-Femoral-Popliteal Bypass (i-Fem-Pop) | Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka i-bypass esuka emthanjeni we-femoral esinqeni iye emthanjeni we-popliteal ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwedolo. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuvamile okwenziwa emithanjeni evalekile emilenzeni. |
| I-Femoral-Tibial Bypass | Kulokhu, kwakheka indlela entsha kusukela emthanjeni we-iliac kuya emithanjeni ye-tibial, etholakala ngaphansi kakhulu kwedolo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa lapho ukuvaleka kungaphansi kakhulu. |
Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Yebo, impela. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi ingakanani imithambo yegazi evalekile nokuthi ingakanani.
- Inkomba Yeqakala Ne-Brachial (ABI):Lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokuhlola. Balinganisa umfutho wegazi lakho eqakaleni lakho kanye nasengalweni (brachial) bese beqhathanisa amanani amabili. Uma umfutho osemlenzeni wakho uphansi kakhulu kunomfutho osengalweni yakho, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi emlenzeni wakho.
- I-Vascular Ultrasound: Lokhu ukuskena okungenabuhlungu, okufana nalokho okwenziwa lapho unengane. Kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani emithanjeni yegazi, ukuthi kukhona yini amahlule egazi, nokuthi avalekile kuphi.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuhlola isimo senhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abanezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi emilenzeni yabo bangase babe nezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni yabo.
Kwenzekani ngosuku lokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa esibhedlela, egumbini lokuhlinzwa. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Odokotela kanye nabasebenzi abahlengikazi bazokunakekela kahle.
1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, udokotela wezinzwa uzokuhlola futhi akunike imithi edingekayo ukuze akugcine ulele ubuthongo obujulile phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-General Anesthesia' .
2. Ukuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokulala, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza izibazi eziningana ezincane esikhumbeni sakho ukuze afinyelele emithanjeni yegazi okukhulunywa ngayo. Indawo kanye nosayizi walezi zibazi kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwe-bypass olwenzayo.
3. Ukuxhuma i-bypass: Okulandelayo, udokotela uthatha 'i-graft' ekhethiwe (kungaba umthambo wakho noma ipayipi lokwenziwa) bese eyixhuma emthanjeni ophilile ngaphezulu nangaphansi kokuvaleka esebenzisa izithungo ezincane kakhulu.
4. Ukuvala izimbobo: Ngemva kokuba indlela entsha isidaliwe, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyahlolwa bese izimbobo ezenziwe esikhumbeni ziphinde zivalwe ngezithungo.
Lonke lolu hlelo lungathatha amahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha , kuye ngokuthi luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass okwenzayo.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi kulokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi nezinkinga ezingase zenzeke. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingozi zingancishiswa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwethimba lezokwelapha elinekhono. Ingozi yezinkinga iphakeme kancane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, kanye/noma isifo sikashukela.
| Izinkinga ezinkulu ezingaba khona | |
|---|---|
| Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-graft ye-bypass | Amahlule egazi angakheka ngaphakathi komgwaqo osanda kwakhiwa bese ebhajwa futhi. |
| Ukopha ngenxa yokusikeka | Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izithungo zingase zophe. |
| Izifo | Amagciwane angangena ezinsikeni noma ezifakwe kabusha. |
| Ukulimala kwemizwa | Kungase kube nokungezwani noma ubuthakathaka emlenzeni. |
| Ezinye izinkinga | Izimo ezinjengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma i-pneumonia. |
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Sinjani isikhathi sokululama?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi:
- Uzonikezwa imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu.
- Kuzonikezwa ama-anticoagulant ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka kwegazi ku-graft entsha.
- Abasebenzi bokunakekela bazohlanza futhi banakekele kahle amanxeba akho.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvuka embhedeni bese uqala ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungaba nzima kancane ekuqaleni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhamba kancane kancane, njengoba kwelulekwe udokotela wakho kanye nodokotela we-physiotherapist. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kukusize ululame ngokushesha.
Ngisho nangemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kuzodingeka ubuyele kancane kancane esimisweni sakho esivamile. Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisindayo nokwenza imisebenzi enzima okwesikhashana.
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuxazulule 'ukuhamba kwezimoto' emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Kodwa, ungakhohlwa, imbangela eyisisekelo yalesi sifo (i-Peripheral Artery Disease - PAD) isesemzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi leli yithuba lakho lesibili.
Ukuze ugcine i-graft iphilile isikhathi eside, kuzodingeka ushintshe indlela yakho yokuphila.
- Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla: Ukubhema kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokwehluleka kwe-graft.
- Lawula isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye ne-cholesterol: Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: nciphisa amafutha, usawoti, noshukela. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nemifino eluhlaza.
- Ukuzivocavoca njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho: Ngisho nokuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba nsuku zonke kuyazuzisa kakhulu.
- Yiya emitholampilo ngesikhathi: Hlangana nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo bese uhlola isimo se-graft njalo.
Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Uma ubona ushintsho olunje emlenzeni wakho... | |
|---|---|
| - Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki | - Imilenze ebandayo, ephuzi, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka |
| - Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa | - Uma izilonda zemilenze ziba zimbi kakhulu noma kuvela izilonda ezintsha |
| Uma kuvela ezinye izinkinga... | |
| - Imfiva | - Isicanucanu nokuhlanza |
| - Ubomvu nokufudumala okuzungeze izimbobo | - Uketshezi olufana nobovu oluphuma emanxebeni |
Uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu bemilenze obungazelelwe, obukhulu obuhambisana nokubanda, imilenze ephaphathekile, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vascular Bypass kuyindlela esindisa impilo edlula umthambo wegazi ovalekile futhi idale indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi.
- Lokhu kunganciphisa ubuhlungu bomlenze futhi kukusindise engozini yokunqunywa umlenze.
- Ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ikakhulukazi, kumelwe uyeke ngokuphelele ukubhema.
- Gcina isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol kulawulwa.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungesabi futhi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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