Wake wezwa 'ngomkhuhlane wegazi'? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ezindabeni lapho kukhulunywa ngezifo eziyingozi njenge-Ebola. Ngisho nokuzwa leli gama kukwenza wesabe kancane, akunjalo? Lesi yisihloko sonke okudingeka sisiqaphele. Kalula nje, i-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) igama elivamile elinikezwa iqembu lezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokho okwenziwa yilawa magciwane ukulimaza imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, ukuphazamisa inqubo yemvelo yokujiya kwegazi, futhi kubangele ukuba umzimba wophe igazi ngokungalawuleki.
Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zemikhuhlane yokopha (ama-VHF)?
Izifo eziningi ziwela kulesi sigaba esibizwa ngokuthi i-VHF. Ezinye zincane kakhulu, kodwa ezinye zingaba yingozi empilweni. Umkhuhlane we-dengue, owaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwethu, nawo ungowalesi sigaba.
Lezi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-VHF ezibonakala:
- Isifo Segciwane Le-Ebola (EVD)
- Isifo Segciwane iMarburg (MVD)
- Izimo ezibangelwa yi-Hantavirus
- Umkhuhlane we-Dengue - Lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu kithi eSri Lanka, akunjalo?
- Umkhuhlane weLassa
- Umkhuhlane Ophuzi
- Umkhuhlane Wokopha Obangelwa Yigazi eCrimea-Congo (CCHF)
Zikuphi lezi zifo ezivame kakhulu?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo ze-VHF lubonakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Lokhu kuvame ukubikwa:
- Kuvela emazweni ase-Afrika: ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga nase-Afrika Ephakathi.
- Kusuka eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu.
- Ezivela emazweni ase-Asia: E-Asia, lapho sihlala khona, izifo ze-VHF ezifana ne-dengue nazo zivamile.
- Kusukela eziQhingini zasePacific.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo azivamile ukubonwa emazweni anjengeMelika, iCanada, neYurophu. Kulawo mazwe, ukutheleleka kwe-Hantavirus kuphela okubikwe kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona zalezi zifo zomkhuhlane?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu zalesi sifo kungaba nzima ukuzihlukanisa nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile wegciwane. Kodwa kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu izimpawu ezivela lapho isimo sibucayi.
| Icala lesifo | Izimpawu ezingabonakala |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuqala (ukubonakala kokuqala) |
|
| Izimpawu ezenzeka lapho isimo siba sibi kakhulu |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu kanye nomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha .
Kungani la magciwane ebanga ukopha?
Lena indaba eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kalula nje, uma la magciwane e-VHF engena emizimbeni yethu, enza izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ilimaza imithambo yegazi: Leli gciwane lilimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi ethambile emizimbeni yethu. Bese igazi liqala ukuvuza kuleyo mithambo yegazi.
2. Kuphazamisa ukujiya kwegazi: Ngokuvamile, lapho sithola isilonda emzimbeni wethu, igazi liyayeka ukuphuma kwegazi ngenxa yenqubo yokujiya kwegazi. Leli gciwane liphazamisa amangqamuzana (ama-platelet) namaprotheni ahilelekile kuleyo nqubo. Khona-ke, ngisho nokopha okuncane akukwazi ukumiswa.
Kulapho lezi zizathu ezimbili zihlangana khona lapho ukopha kuqala ukugeleza ngokungalawuleki ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba.
Yimiphi imindeni yamagciwane ebangela lokhu?
Amagciwane abangela i-VHF angahlukaniswa ngemindeni emine eyinhloko:
- Ama-Arenavirus
- Ama-Filovirus (i-Ebola ne-Marburg zingabakwalo mndeni)
- Ama-Bunyavirus
- Ama-flavivirus (umkhuhlane we-dengue kanye nomkhuhlane ophuzi kungokwalo mndeni)
Lezi zifo zidluliselwa kanjani?
Izindlela lezi zifo ezidluliselwa ngazo ziyahlukahluka. Akuwona wonke ama-VHF adluliselwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko lezi zifo ezingadluliselwa ngazo.
- Ukulunywa omiyane: Yile ndlela izifo ezifana ne-dengue kanye ne-yellow fever ezisakazeka ngayo.
- Ngokulunywa yizikhakhane: Izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane waseCrimea-Congo zidluliselwa yizikhakhane.
- Ngokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onegciwane:Uma igazi lesiguli, umchamo, indle, amathe, ubisi lwebele, isidoda, noma uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kungena emzimbeni ngokusikeka, inxeba, noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomuntu ophilile (izifo ezifana ne-Ebola zingadluliselwa ngale ndlela).
- Ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lwezilwane ezinegciwane: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-VHF zingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana nomchamo nendle yezilwane ezincane ezifana namagundane, izinkawu, namalulwane.
Ziphathwa kanjani lezi zifo?
Ngeshwa, ayikho "ikhambi" eliqinisekile lezifo eziningi ze-VHF. Zimbalwa izifo, njenge-Ebola, esezisanda kwethula ukwelashwa okulwa namagciwane.
Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuvame ukunikezwa, okusho ukusiza ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba wesiguli.
- Ukunikeza umzimba inani elidingekayo loketshezi: Usawoti (i-IV fluids) unikezwa ngemithambo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo.
- Umoya-mpilo: Uma kunobunzima bokuphefumula, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo. Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi kuxhunywe ekuphefumuleni komshini.
- Ukulawula izimpawu: Imithi inikezwa ukulawula izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu, nokuhlanza.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Uma uphuma igazi kakhulu noma unenani eliphansi lama-platelet, kungadingeka ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi noma ama-platelet.
Esibhedlela, lezi ziguli zivame ukwelashwa ngokwehlukana nezinye futhi kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ezibekiwe. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwabanye.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zifo? (Ukuvimbela)
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzivikela kulezi zifo eziyingozi. Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze senze lokho.
- Ukugonywa: Kunemithi yokugomela izifo eziningana, njenge-yellow fever, i-dengue, kanye ne-Ebola. Kodwa-ke, le mithi yokugomela ayitholakali kuwo wonke amazwe. Uma uya ezweni lapho lezi zifo zivamile khona, kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane: Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze uzivikele komiyane kanye namakhizane.
- Gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wonke.
- Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane.
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha omiyane.
- Uma kukhona izindawo zokuzalela omiyane be-dengue eduze, zibhubhise.
- Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane: Gwema ukuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezingathwala lezi zifo, ikakhulukazi amagundane namalulwane.
- Landela izinqubo zokuphepha: Uma unakekela isiguli esinjengalesi (isib. isisebenzi sezempilo), qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) ezifana namagilavu, izibuko zamehlo, kanye namamaski. Gwema noma yikuphi ukuthintana ngqo noketshezi lomzimba wesiguli.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, usanda kuya kwesinye, noma unezinye izici eziyingozi, futhi uba nezimpawu zokuqala ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nomkhuhlane, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu , iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazisa abasebenzi ukuthi usola ukuthi ungaba ne-VHF uma uya esibhedlela.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, entanyeni, noma esiswini
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo esingenakunqandwa
- Ukuba nokuquleka
- Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
- Ukopha okungalawuleki okuvela noma kuphi emzimbeni
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) iyiqembu lezifo eziyingozi ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingabangela ukopha okungalawuleki.
- Umkhuhlane we-dengue, esivame ukuhlangana nawo eSri Lanka, nawo uyisifo esikuleli qembu le-VHF.
- Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kuzwakale njengomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, lapho isimo siba sibi kakhulu, kungase kube nezimpawu eziyingozi ezifana nokopha kwezinsini nokuhlanza igazi.
- Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezifo eziningi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
- Lezi zifo zingavinjelwa ngokuzivikela ezinambuzaneni ezifana nomiyane, ukuzigcina uhlanzekile, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma uya ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezifo.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi ukopha) kanye nomkhuhlane, ungalibali ukubona udokotela wakho noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
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