Ingabe unelungu lomndeni noma umngane onesifo sikashukela? Wake wezwa ngesimo esiphuthumayo lapho izinga likashukela egazini lomuntu lehla khona ngokuzumayo noma liphezulu kakhulu? Bangase bangakwazi ukuzinakekela ngalesi sikhathi. Ungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yabo. Ngakho-ke, uma othile omaziyo enesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukukhuluma naye ngalokho okufanele akwenze esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Kuyini isimo esiphuthumayo sesifo sikashukela?
Kalula nje, isimo esiphuthumayo sesifo sikashukela silapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela enezinga likashukela egazini eliphansi noma eliphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima futhi kube yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi zimo.
| Uhlobo lwesimo esiphuthumayo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Hypoglycemia | Izinga likashukela egazini eliphansi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "i-insulin shock." |
| I-Hyperglycemia | Amazinga kashukela egazini angaba phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-DKA noma i-HHS. |
Izinguquko ezinkulu kangaka emazingeni kashukela egazini zingaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni umzimba wethu osebenza ngayo, ngakho-ke zidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Isimo esiphuthumayo esibangelwa ushukela ophansi egazini - "Ukushaqeka kwe-insulin"
Lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoglycemia enzima. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga kashukela egazini ehla aze abe ngaphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-60 mg/dL. Nakuba kubizwa ngokuthi "i-insulin shock," lokhu kungenzeka hhayi kuphela kubantu abathatha i-insulin, kodwa nakubantu abathatha imithi ethile yesifo sikashukela (isib., ama-sulfonylureas).
Kungani lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo?
Cabanga ngakho, ubuchopho bethu budinga i-glucose (ushukela) ukuze busebenze. Uma amazinga kashukela ehla kakhulu, asikwazi ukucabanga kahle futhi singaphelelwa amandla. Lokho kusho ukuthi asikwazi ukwelapha lesi simo sodwa. Uma singenaye umuntu osisizayo, kungaholela ngisho nasekufeni.
Abanye abantu abaqapheli ukuthi ushukela wabo uphansi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi “ukungazi nge-Hypoglycemia.” Bangase bangaziboni njalo izimpawu zokuqala, futhi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuzumayo.
Izizathu zokwehla koshukela
- Ukweqa ukudla.
- Ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngaphandle kokudla.
- Ukuthatha i-insulin eningi kakhulu, ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile, noma ukuyijova ngendlela engafanele.
- Ukuthatha umuthi wesifo sikashukela ngendlela engafanele.
Izimpawu zoshukela ophansi
Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuthuthumela nokuzizwa ulambile ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, uma kungelashwa, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi siholele kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukudideka.
- Umbono ofiphele.
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
- Ukuquleka.
- Ukuquleka.
- I-Coma.
Umsiza kanjani umuntu onoshukela wegazi ophansi?
Uma othile enalezi zimpawu, mtshele ukuthi ahlole amazinga kashukela egazini lakhe. Okulandelayo, msize alandele "umthetho we-15/15."
1. Nikeza amagremu ayi-15 ama-carbohydrate agayeka ngokushesha:
- Amaphilisi e-glucose angu-3-4.
- Amamililitha ayi-120 (cishe uhhafu wenkomishi) wejusi yezithelo noma isiphuzo esinoshukela (i-soda evamile).
- Isipuni soju noma ushukela.
2. Linda imizuzu eyi-15: Bese uhlola ushukela wakho wegazi futhi. Uma usephansi, nikeza enye ingxenye yama-carbohydrate ayi-15 amagremu.
Qaphela: Uma umuntu equlekile, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ungalokothi unike ukudla noma isiphuzo ngomlomo - kungaminyanisa. Uma umuntu eqeqeshwe, mnike umjovo we-glucagon. Ikhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini. Akuyona i-insulin! Bese ushayela u-1990 ngokushesha bese umyisa eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU).
Izimo eziphuthumayo ezibangelwa ushukela ophezulu egazini
Ukwanda okungalawuleki kwamazinga kashukela egazini kungaholela ezimweni ezimbili eziphuthumayo ezinkulu.
1. I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Uma i-insulini ingekho eyanele yokusebenzisa i-glucose (ushukela) ukuze ithole amandla, imizimba yethu iqala ukushisa amafutha ukuze ithole amandla. Le nqubo ikhiqiza amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-ketone . Lapho la ma-ketone eqoqana egazini, igazi liba ne-asidi futhi lingaba yingozi emzimbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-DKA. Lokhu kuyinkinga evame ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kodwa ingenzeka nakubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Kungani i-DKA iyisimo esiphuthumayo?
Lesi yisimo esisongela impilo. I-DKA iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela.
Izimbangela ze-DKA:
- Izinkinga ze-insulin: ukuntuleka kwemithamo ye-insulin, ukusebenzisa i-insulin ephelelwe yisikhathi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwephampu ye-insulin.
- Ukugula: Ezinye izifo kanye nezimo zezokwelapha zingabangela i-DKA.
- Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo, izimo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Eminye imithi.
| Izimpawu ze-DKA | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuqala | |
| |
| Izimpawu ezingathi sína kakhulu | |
|
Ungasiza kanjani uma une-DKA?
Uma umuntu enezimpawu zakuqala, mcele ukuthi ahlole amazinga e-ketone yomchamo wakhe nge-"ketone test kit." Uma amazinga e-ketone ephezulu, kufanele ashayele udokotela wakhe ucingo ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, uma enezimpawu ezinkulu, kufanele ayiswe ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
2. I-Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka ngaphezu kuka-600 mg/dL futhi ehlala kulelo zinga izinsuku noma amasonto. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu futhi kube yingozi empilweni.
- I-HHS ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.
- Ayikhuli ngokushesha njenge-DKA, ikhula kancane kancane ezinsukwini eziningana.
- Ku-HHS, ama-ketone awaqongelelani egazini njengaku-DKA.
Izimbangela ze-HHS:
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili esingalawulwa kahle.
- Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia kanye nezifo zomgudu womchamo.
- Izimo ezinjengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi.
- Eminye imithi.
Izimpawu ze-HHS:
Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise umlomo owomile, ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, umkhuhlane, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukudideka, izinguquko ekukhulumeni, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
I-HHS ingasiza kanjani kulesi simo?
Shayela udokotela wabo ngokushesha. Bese ubayisa e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.
I-Coma yesifo sikashukela
Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesimo esiphuthumayo sesifo sikashukela. Isimo sokungazi lutho isikhathi eside esibangelwa amazinga kashukela egazini aphezulu kakhulu (ngenxa ye-DKA noma i-HHS) noma aphansi kakhulu (ngenxa ye-hypoglycemia enzima) futhi angalashwa. Umuntu okwi-coma ngeke aphendule enkulumweni noma ekuthinteni.
Kungani i-diabetic coma iyisimo esiphuthumayo?
Lokhu kusongela ukuphila ngoba izimo ezibangela lokhu zingaholela ekufakweni ubuthi egazini, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba, ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela, ngisho nokufa.
Umsiza kanjani umuntu onesifo sikashukela?
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela engazi lutho futhi engasabeli, kungaba yi-diabetic coma.
- Shayela u-1990 noma inombolo yesevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
- Landela imiyalelo enikezwe umqhubi wocingo.
- Ungafaki lutho emlonyeni wakho (ijusi, amanzi kashukela) ucabanga ukuthi ushukela wakho ungase ube phansi. Lokhu kungabangela ukuminyana.
- Uma umuntu ehlanza, mphendulele ohlangothini lwakhe ukuze angaminzi.
Ikhithi Yezimo Eziphuthumayo Zesifo Sikashukela
Ukulungela isimo esiphuthumayo kungasindisa impilo yakho noma impilo yomuntu omthandayo. Gcina lezi zinto ziseduze, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu ekhaya lakho uyazi ukuthi zikuphi.
- I-insulin: Uma usebenzisa i-insulin, hlala ugcina umthamo omusha ongakaphelelwa yisikhathi.
- Izinto okufanele uzinike uma ushukela uphansi: ijusi yezithelo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, noma amaphilisi eglucose.
- Ikhithi ye-Glucagon: Ukuphakamisa amazinga kashukela egazini uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo. Uma unakekela umuntu onesifo sikashukela, yazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani.
- Ikhithi yokuhlola i-Ketone: Ukuhlola ukuthi i-DKA isolwa yini.
- Isongo lesexwayiso sezokwelapha: Lokhu kusiza ukukubona njengomuntu onesifo sikashukela uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
- Ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nemithi oyithathayo: Kukhona ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zocingo zalokhu manje.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angaba namazinga kashukela aphezulu noma aphansi egazini ngendlela eyingozi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izimo eziphuthumayo zesifo sikashukela.
- Qaphela izimpawu zoshukela ophansi egazini (ukuthuthumela, ukuqhaqhazela) kanye noshukela ophezulu egazini (ukoma ngokweqile, ukuphefumula okunezithelo).
- Uma umuntu equlekile, shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha (1990). Ungalokothi ufake lutho emlonyeni wakhe.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nohlelo lwakho lomuntu siqu lokuthi yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esiphuthumayo.
- Uma unomngane noma ilungu lomndeni elinesifo sikashukela, ukwazi ukuthi ungamsiza kanjani kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo.
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