Ukuminyana kwesifuba njalo, ukuntuleka kokukhuluphala... Ingabe lokhu kuyi-Cystic Fibrosis (CF)? Masiqaphele lokhu.

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ihlala inekhala elivalekile? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inika ukudla okungakanani, iba mncane ingaqapheli? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi kuzwakala sengathi inenkinga yokuphefumula? Kuvamile ngabazali ukuzizwa besaba lapho bebona lezi zimpawu. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Cystic Fibrosis (CF), okungenzeka ukuthi asikaze sizizwe kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukusazi. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngaphandle kokwesaba futhi namuhla nje.

Iyini ngempela i-cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Kalula nje, lesi yisifo sofuzo esizuzwe kubazali . Kukhona isakhi sofuzo esikhethekile esilawula ukuhamba kukasawoti (i-chloride) kanye noketshezi oludlula emaseli omzimba wethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isakhi sofuzo i-CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) . Ngakho-ke, isifo se-CF senzeka uma kukhona iphutha noma ukuguquka kwalesi sakhi sofuzo.

Kwenzekani ngenxa yalesi sici? Ngokuvamile, uketshezi olusemizimbeni yethu, njenge-mucus kanye ne-pus , luncane futhi luyashelela. Kodwa emzimbeni womuntu one-CF, lokhu ketshezi kuba lukhulu kakhulu, luqine, futhi lunamathele .

Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani lapho lo mucus ojiyile uqoqana emaphashini. Kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, amagciwane abanjwa kalula , futhi izifo ziba ziningi . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emaphashini, ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, ngisho nokufa.

Futhi, lokhu kukhishwa okujiyile kuvimbela imigudu ye-pancreas. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla asiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo awakhishwa . Ngenxa yalokho, ukungondleki kahle kanye nokukhula okubambezelekile kwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zesibindi, isifo sikashukela (`i-Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes` - CFRD) kanye nezinkinga zokuzala nazo zingavela.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, ngenxa yokwelashwa okuthuthukile, isikhathi sokuphila seziguli ezine-CF sikhuphuke ngamashumi eminyaka.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu ze-CF zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sibucayi kangakanani. Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko.

I-cystic fibrosis engavamile

Lolu uhlobo lwe-CF oluthambile. Izimpawu zivele kamuva ekuphileni. Ngezinye izikhathi isitho esisodwa kuphela esithintekayo.

Yini ebangela i-CF?

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lokhu kubangelwa yisici esikulesi sakhi sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-CFTR . Ukuze ingane ibe nalesi sifo, ingane kumele ithole ikhophi yesakhi sofuzo esingalungile kumama nakubaba .

Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, ngoba ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha futhi izinkinga ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo zingancishiswa. ESri Lanka, ezinye izibhedlela manje zihlola lokhu ezinganeni lapho zizalwa.

Izivivinyo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kokujuluka: Lolu ukuhlolwa okuthembekile kakhulu kokuthola i-CF.Lokhu kuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu kulinganisa inani likasawoti (i-chloride) ekujulukeni kwakho. Uma inani liphezulu kakhulu kunokuvamile, kuyisibonakaliso se-CF.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola izinga lekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-`Immunoreactive Trypsinogen (IRT)` egazini. Leli zinga liphezulu ezigulini ezine-CF.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo (ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA): Lokhu kuhlola ngqo amaphutha ku-gene ethi 'CFTR'.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuhlola izinkinga. Isibonelo, i-X-ray yesifuba, izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu (ama-PFT), kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-sputum kanye nendle.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-CF iyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukwelashwa kunikezwa yithimba lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nodokotela wamaphaphu, udokotela wezifo zomzimba, kanye nochwepheshe wezokudla. Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukususa amafinyila emaphashini, ukuvimbela izifo, kanye nokunikeza ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo.

Imithi

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nalokhu:

• Ama-antibiotic: Vimbela futhi welaphe izifo zamaphaphu.
• Imithi yokunciphisa amafinyila: Le inikezwa nge-inhaler noma i-nebulizer. Isiza ekunciphiseni amafinyila ajiyile futhi yenze kube lula ukukhwehlela.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Andisa imigudu yokuphefumula futhi enze ukuphefumula kube lula.
• Izithako zama-enzyme e-pancreatic: Lezi kufanele zithathwe njalo ekudleni nasekudleni okulula. Zisiza ekugayweni nasekumuncweni kwezakhamzimba.
• Ama-modulator e-CFTR: Lezi yizinhlobo ezintsha nezisebenza kahle kakhulu zemithi. Le mithi isiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwephrotheni ye-'CFTR' engasebenzi kahle ebangela ngqo lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenza ulwelwesi lube lukhuni, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, kunciphise ukukhwehlela, futhi kunciphise ngisho nokukhuluphala. `(Trikafta, Kalydeco, Orkambi)` ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zemithi.

Amasu Okususa Imigwaqo Yomoya (ACT)

Lezi yizinto okufanele zenziwe nsuku zonke, okungenani kabili ngosuku. Zisiza ekukhululeni nasekususeni ulwelwesi oluqinile olunamathele emaphashini.

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba esifubeni: Ukuba nomuntu oshaya umhlane nesifuba ngesigqi ukuze kukhululeke ulwelwesi.
• Ivesti: Leli yivesti elixhunywe emshinini okhethekile. Uma ligqokwe, ukudlidliza okuvama kakhulu kushaya isifuba, okubangela isenzo futhi kukhululeke ulwelwesi.
• Amadivayisi e-PEP: Ukuphefumula ngamadivayisi amancane afana ne-`(Flutter, Acapella)` kudala ingcindezi emaphashini futhi kusiza ekususeni amafinyila.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ezinye izinkinga zingadinga ukuhlinzwa.

• Ukufakelwa amaphaphu: Indlela yokugcina lapho lesi sifo sibi kakhulu futhi amaphaphu cishe engasasebenzi kahle ngokuphelele.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Uma isibindi sonakele kakhulu.
• Okunye: Izinto ezifana nokususa ama-polyp ekhaleni, ukufaka ipayipi lokudla esiswini ukuze kutholakale ukudla.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-CF

Uma i-CF ingelashwa kahle, kungaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

• Amaphaphu: Ukwanda okungapheli kwemigudu yomoya (`Bronchiectasis`), ukuwa kwamaphaphu (`Pneumothorax`), izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• I-Pancreatitis: Isifo sikashukela esihlobene ne-CF (`CFRD`).
• Isibindi: Ukulimala kwesibindi (i-Cirrhosis).
• Amathumbu: Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
• Uhlelo lokuzala: Ukungazali kwabesilisa kanye nokubeletha okuphuzile kwabesifazane.
• Amathambo: Ukuncipha kwamathambo (i-Osteoporosis).

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)