Ingabe unezinhlungu zesifuba ezingapheli noma ubunzima bokuphefumula? Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wachayeka ku-asbestos emsebenzini usesemncane. Namuhla sikhuluma ngomdlavuza ongavamile kodwa onzima kakhulu ongavela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva ngenxa yokuchayeka okunjalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Pleural Mesothelioma ngokwezokwelapha. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi, masiligcine lilula.
Iyini ngempela i-Pleural Mesothelioma?
Kalula nje, kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane, njengesimbozo, oluzungeze udonga lwangaphakathi lwamaphaphu ethu kanye nomgodi wesifuba. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-pleura kwezokwelapha. Lolu lwelwesi lwakhiwe uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi i-mesothelium . Ngakho-ke lapho umdlavuza uvela kula maseli e-mesothelium, ubizwa ngokuthi i-Pleural Mesothelioma (noma i-malignant pleural mesothelioma).
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu ukuchayeka kumaminerali abizwa ngokuthi i-asbestos . Ungase wazi ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, amashidi e-asbestos ayesetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi ophahleni. Lapho le-asbestos ibola, iphuka, noma isetshenzwa, izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, ezingabonakali zikhishwa emoyeni. Uma lezi ziphefumulwa, ziya emaphashini bese zihlala. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi umzimba wethu awukwazi ukuncibilikisa noma ukususa lezi zinhlayiya. Ngakho-ke eminyakeni edlule, zonakalisa ulwelwesi oluzungeze amaphaphu, okubangela ukuvuvukala, futhi ekugcineni ziguqule amangqamuzana futhi ziwaguqule abe umdlavuza.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?
Yebo, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanise lo mdlavuza ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo zisakazeka ngokushesha, kanti ezinye zikhula kancane. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Epithelioid Mesothelioma | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu (cishe u-60% - 80%). Lulula kancane ukwelapha kunezinye izinhlobo. |
| I-Mesothelioma ye-Sarcomatoid | Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu (cishe u-10%). Lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kunzima ukulwelapha. |
| I-Biphasic Mesothelioma | Lolu futhi uhlobo olungavamile (cishe u-10% - 15%). Lunengxube yamaseli avela kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezingenhla. |
Uma udokotela wakho esenqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo onaso, uzokwazi ukukunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele kangcono nokuthi ikusasa liphetheni.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Inkinga eyodwa ngalokhu ukuthi izimpawu zivela kancane kakhulu . Kungathatha iminyaka engama-20, engama-30, noma ngisho nengama-50 ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-asbestos ukuze izimpawu zivele. Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile noma esinye isifo esincane, ngakho abantu abaningi abazinaki kakhulu. Kuphela uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu lapho beya khona ukuyobona udokotela.
Izimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba obuqhubekayo
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabona lezi zimpawu:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhosha
- Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia)
- Ubuhlungu obuphansi emhlane
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso nezandla
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ukujuluka ebusuku
- Ukukhathala
- Umkhuhlane okwenza uzizwe ubuthakathaka
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimbangela ngaphandle kwe-asbestos?
Ukuchayeka ku-asbestos kuyimbangela yama-70% amacala atholakale. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, abantu abangazange bachayeke ku-asbestos nabo bangaba nalo mdlavuza. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu. Ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona yilezi:
- Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba ngaphambilini.
- Izinguquko zofuzo ezizuzwa njengefa (isibonelo, ukungabikho kwe-gene BAP1).
- Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-carbon nanotubes (manje asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezifana nezimoto nemishini yezemidlalo).
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akukho bungozi bokufakwa kwamashidi e-asbestos ophahleni. Ingozi ivela kuphela lapho izinto ziphuka, zibola, noma zisuswa, zikhipha izinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaye bavezwa yi-asbestos iminyaka eminingi ngemisebenzi yabo. Iningi lalaba bantu selithathe umhlalaphansi (abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala). Babesebenza emisebenzini ehlobene ne-asbestos besebancane, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukusebenza imithetho ephathelene nezingozi ze-asbestos.
Ngisho naseSri Lanka, labo abenza imisebenzi enjalo basengozini enkulu:
- Abantu abenza umsebenzi wokwakha nokubhidliza izakhiwo
- Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokukhiqiza imikhumbi
- Abantu abasebenza emagaraji nasemafektri
- Abakhiqizi nabafaki bezinto zokuvikela ukushisa
- Abacishi bomlilo
- Abaphangi
- Abavukuzi
Ngaphezu kwalokho,
- Abantu abahlala endlini efanayo nomuntu osebenza nge-asbestos nabo basengozini, ngoba lezo zinhlayiya zingangena endlini zivela ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni zabo.
- Abantu abahlala eduze kwemayini ye-asbestos noma lapho kuchithwa khona izakhiwo ezindala ezine-asbestos nabo basengozini.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, futhi ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi wakho kanye nokuchayeka okungenzeka ku-asbestos. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase batuse ezinye izivivinyo, ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba ingabheka izinguquko emaphashini, ukuqina kwe-pleura, noma uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu (i-pleural effusion). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungacelwa i -MRI, i-CT scan, noma i-PET scan ukuze kubonwe ukuthi isimila sikuphi nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka amazinga aphezulu ezinto ezithile ezihlotshaniswa nalo mdlavuza (njenge-fibulin-3 kanye nama-peptide ahlobene ne-mesothelin ancibilikayo) egazini.
- I-Thoracentesis: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu bese luhlolwa ukuze kutholakale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqina kwesifuba kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy:
Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolubaluleke kakhulu. Indlela kuphela yokuqiniseka nge-100% ukuthi une-mesothelioma yini ukwenza i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezizungeze amaphaphu bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona nokuthi, uma kunjalo, hlobo luni.
Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza?
Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, uhlukaniswe ngezigaba 1 kuya ku-4 kuye ngokusabalala kwesifo. Ukwelashwa kuhlelwe ngokusekelwe kulesi sigaba.
| Isiteji | Isimo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 1 | Umdlavuza uvalelwe olwelwesini oluzungeze amaphaphu (i-pleura). Kuleli qophelo, kungase kuzanywe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele umdlavuza. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Umdlavuza ususakazeke kancane ngale kwe-pleura, kodwa usasondele lapho waqala khona. |
| Isigaba 3 | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni zomzimba eziseduze kanye nasezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph. |
| Isigaba 4 | Umdlavuza ususakazeke (wasakazeka) ezithweni ezikude (njengesibindi, amathambo). |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
I-Pleural mesothelioma iwumdlavuza okunzima ukuwulapha ngoba ungasakazeka kalula ngemizwa, imithambo yegazi, kanye nezicubu. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza bavame ukuhlela ukwelashwa besebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukususa lonke iphaphu elinomdlavuza (i-extrapleural pneumonectomy - EPP) noma ukususa izicubu ezinomdlavuza kanye ne-pleura kuphela (i-pleurectomy ene-decortication - P/D).
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukunciphisa izimpawu (njengobuhlungu besifuba).
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ewavimba ukuba akhule. I-Pemetrexed, i-carboplatin, kanye ne-cisplatin yimithi esetshenziswa kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Lena indlela entsha yokwelapha evuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuthi abone futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukunakekelwa Kokuphulukisa: Umgomo awukona ukwelapha umdlavuza. Kunalokho, ukulawula izimpawu zesiguli (ubuhlungu, ukuphelelwa umoya) nokwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe ntofontofo futhi ingabi nobuhlungu ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo: Lezi yizifundo ezihlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, njengokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungahlanganyela yini kolunye lwalezi zivivinyo.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokugwema lesi sifo?
Indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuvimbela i-pleural mesothelioma ukugwema ukuhogela izinhlayiya ze-asbestos. Nakuba amazwe amaningi manje esekuvimbile ukusetshenziswa kwe-asbestos, kungenzeka ukuthi isekhona ezakhiweni ezindala nasezimotweni ezakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1980. Ungenza okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:
- Uma une-asbestos endala ekhaya lakho, yihlole ngochwepheshe onolwazi ngaphambi kokulungisa noma yikuphi.
- Uma ususa i-asbestos, phathisa inkampani eqeqeshiwe lo msebenzi. Ungalokothi uzame ukuzenzela wena.
- Uma ubhekene ne-asbestos ngesikhathi somsebenzi wakho, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifanele kanye nama-face mask. Qaphela ukuthi ungathwali izinhlayiya ekhaya ezingutsheni noma ezicathulweni zakho uma uya ekhaya ngemva komsebenzi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Pleural mesothelioma ingumdlavuza ongavamile kodwa onzima wamaphaphu, obangelwa kakhulu ukuhogela izinhlayiya ze-asbestos.
- Izimpawu (ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula) zivela eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuvezwa.
- Uma unomlando wokuchayeka ku-asbestos futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingenhla, ungalibali bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nokwelashwa kwesimanje kungalawula izimpawu, kwandise ukusinda, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu ukuzivikela othulini lwe-asbestos.
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