Ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza obizwa ngokuthi i-Yolk Sac Tumor (isimila se-endodermal sinus).

Uma sizwa igama elithi umdlavuza, sonke siyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa kukhona nezinhlobo zomdlavuza esingakaze sizwe ngazo, futhi ezingavamile kakhulu. I-Yolk Sac Tumor ingenye yazo. Leli gama lingase libe lisha kuwe. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalo mdlavuza, ongakhula ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala abasebasha, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini ngempela i-Yolk Sac Tumor?

Kalula nje, i-Yolk Sac Tumor uhlobo lomdlavuza. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Endodermal Sinus Tumor. Ivela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lweseli emzimbeni wethu. Okusho ukuthi, emaselini aba yisidoda kumuntu wesilisa, kanye nakumaseli aba amaqanda kowesifazane. Kwezokwelapha, lawa maseli siwabiza ngokuthi amaseli egciwane. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungokwesigaba se-Germ Cell Tumor.

Lezi zimila zivame ukuvela emaqanda kwabesifazane noma emasendeni kwabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi zivele ngaphandle kwalezi zitho zokuzala, isibonelo esifubeni, esiswini, noma ebuchosheni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi lo mdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha futhi ungasakazeka ngokushesha . Ngakho-ke, uma ungelashwa, ungasongela impilo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, singelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza?

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lo mdlavuza ungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi uvelaphi.

• Izimila ze-yolk sac zamasende: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wamasende. Luvame kakhulu kubafana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 kanye nakubantu abasha abaseminyakeni yabo yama-20 kanye neyama-30 . Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungatholakala kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba kusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubenza babe namathuba amaningi okuphulukiswa.
• Amathumba esibeletho samaqanda: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wesibeletho. Luhlobo olungenalo ulaka kakhulu, okusho ukuthi lungasakazeka ngokushesha. Luvame kakhulu emantombazaneni aneminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphansi . Kubikwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalabo abatholakale benalesi sifo ngamantombazane amancane angakaqali ukuya esikhathini.
• Umdlavuza okhula ngaphandle kwezitho zokuzala (amathumba e-Extragonadal germ cell):Ngezinye izikhathi, lo mdlavuza wamangqamuzana egciwane ukhula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ngaphandle kwama-ovari noma amasende. Isibonelo, ungakhula ebuchosheni, maphakathi nesifuba, ngemuva kwesisu, noma ethanjeni lomsila .

Zingaba yini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu ze-Yolk Sac Tumor zincike ekutheni isimila sikuphi emzimbeni. Isibonelo, umama angase athole iqhubu elincane esithweni somntwana ngesikhathi egeza. Noma intombazane encane ingase ibe nokuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.

Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuthola izimpawu ezivamile kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza utholakala kuphi.

Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kodwa uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, abacwaningi bezokwelapha abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-Yolk Sac Tumor. Njengamanye ama-cancer, lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kuma-gene, noma i-DNA, kumaseli . Lezi zinguquko zibangela ukuthi amaseli ahlukane ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la maseli angakhula ndawonye abe yinqwaba. Uma engelashwa, la maseli omdlavuza angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka mayelana nokuthi kungani lezi zinguquko zofuzo ziqala kwasekuqaleni.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, kufanele nibone udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela uzoqala enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba bese ebheka noma yiziphi izigaxa noma ukuvuvukala okungajwayelekile esiswini noma emasendeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazonibuza ngezimpawu zenu.

Kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho bese kuhlolwa iphrotheni ekhethekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) . Leli zinga le-AFP egazini liphezulu kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu one-Yolk Sac Tumor. Lesi yisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sokuxilonga lo mdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuskena kwe-CT (i-Computed Tomography scans) kanye nokuskena kwe-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) yizona zivivinyo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kungabona ngokucacile izimila emzimbeni.
• Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka nge-100% ngalesi sifo. Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze asuse sonke isimila (ngezinye izikhathi sonke isitho lapho isimila sikhona). Isimila sizobe sesithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze sihlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Zinqunywa kanjani izigaba zomdlavuza?

Uma lesi sifo sesitholakele, odokotela banquma ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani, noma ukuthi 'isigaba' somdlavuza sikusiphi. Lesi sigaba sinqunywa yizici ezifana nobukhulu besimila nokuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Uma isigaba siphansi (isib. Isigaba 1), kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usesigabeni sawo sokuqala. Uma isigaba siphezulu (isib. Isigaba 3, 4), kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale kancane. Ukwazi lesi sigaba kubalulekile ekukhetheni ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Amathumba Amasende

• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza usesinqeni kuphela.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Umdlavuza ususakazeke kusukela e-testicle kuya kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba 3: Amaseli omdlavuza asakazekele kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ama-Tumors e-Ovarian

• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza ukhawulelwe ku-ovarian eyodwa noma zombili.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Amaseli omdlavuza asakazekele kwezinye izindawo ngaphakathi kwe-pelvis, kodwa awakafiki emapayipini e-fallopian.
• Isigaba 3: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node kanye nolwelwesi olungaphakathi kwesisu (i-peritoneum).
• Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kolwelwesi lwesisu uye kwezinye izicubu nezitho zomzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukususa ngokuphelele isimila somdlavuza. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha zisetshenziswa kulokhu.

1. Ukuhlinzwa: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa lonke isende (elibizwa ngokuthi i- orchiectomy ) noma i-ovary (elibizwa ngokuthi i- oophorectomy ) elithintekile umdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-vesicle esibeletho, kungadingeka futhi ukuthi asuswe.

2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase ashiywe emzimbeni angabonakali emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma isimila sikhulu kakhulu, i-chemotherapy inganikezwa futhi ukuze kuncishiswe isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Indlela yokwelashwa kwe-BEP

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuyinhloko kwe-Yolk Sac Tumor kubizwa ngokuthi i-BEP . Kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza kanye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekwelashweni, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imijikelezo eminingana ye-BEP. I-BEP iyinhlanganisela yemithi emithathu:

• I-leomycin ye- B
• I-E toposide
• I-Cisplatin ( P latinol®)

Uma le mithi emithathu ihlanganiswa, isebenza kahle kakhulu ekubhubhiseni amaseli e-Yolk Sac Tumor.

Sinjani isimo ngemva kokwelashwa? (Isibikezelo)

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi okudingeka bayazi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uma ingelashwa, i-Yolk Sac Tumor isongela ukuphila. Yingakho sishilo kwasekuqaleni ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi . Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, amathuba okululama aphezulu.

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngezinto ezifana nesigaba somdlavuza, indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekwelashweni, kanye nezinga lakho le-AFP ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (uma lokhu kuphansi, umphumela uba ngcono ngokuvamile).