So wo nso worehyia saa ɔfe yi kɛse? Momma yensua pii fa Nsanyare ho!

Sɛ wote asɛmfua nsamanwaw a, ebia wosuro kakra, ɛnte saa? Ebia wubesusuw nneɛma te sɛ, "Oh, so me nso menya?" anaa "So eyi nyɛ yare a ɛyɛ hu?" Nanso sɛ wunim nea yare yi yɛ, sɛnea ɛkɔ so, ne nea yebetumi ayɛ wɔ ho no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, saa ehu no so bɛtew kɛse. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nsamanwaw ho asɛm, anaa `(Nsanyare – TB)`, tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ yie so.

Dɛn ne nsamanwaw? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde ba . Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔyare mmoawa ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` na ɛde eyi ba. Mpɛn pii no ɛka yɛn ahurututu . Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi aka nipadua no afã afoforo a ɛho hia te sɛ yɛn akyi berɛmo, amemene, ne asaabo nso.

So obiara nya nsamanwaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne? TB a Ahintaw ne Nea Ɛyɛ Adwuma

Ade a ɛho hia paa ni. Ɛnyɛ obiara a obenya nsamanwaw mmoawa no na obenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. So ɛno nyɛ nwonwa?

• TB a ahintaw: Nnipa binom betumi anya saa mmoawa yi wɔ wɔn nipadua mu na wɔakɔ so anya apɔwmuden a wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘TB a ahintaw’. Fa no sɛ ɔtamfo bi a ɔda wo nipadua mu. Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu yɛ den a , ebetumi adi saa mmoawa yi so na ama ada. Saa kwan yi so no, nnipa binom betumi akɔ so anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa. Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 13 na wɔwɔ United States a wɔwɔ ‘Latent TB’ a ɛte sɛɛ.
• TB a ɛyɛ adwuma: Nanso... sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw wɔ ɔkwan bi so – ebia esiane yare foforo, aduru bi a wonom, anaasɛ esiane sɛ worenyin kɛkɛ nti – saa mmoawa a wɔada no betumi asɔre na wɔayɛ adwuma. Ɛno ne bere a yare no bɛyɛ ‘active TB’. Ɛno ne bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi.

Dɛn ne TB a ɛyɛ nnam ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, so ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

• Ɔfe a emu yɛ den a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien: Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw no mu biako.
• Koko mu yaw: Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw bi wɔ wo koko mu bere a worehome anaa wofefe no.
• Phlegm anaa mogya a wobɛfe: Sɛ wofe phlegm (sputum/mucus) ka mogya kakra ho a, ɛno nso yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wode w’adwene si so.
• Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wobɛte nka na nkwa nnim (Ɔbrɛ/Mmerɛw): Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ araa ma wuntumi nyɛ adwuma biara.
• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera: Ebia wopɛ sɛ wudidi nyinaa rehwere.
• Mu duru a ɛso tew: Sɛ wo mu duru so tew mpofirim a.
• Atiridii ne Atiridii: Ɛnyɛ atiridii biara kɛkɛ, na mmom atiridii a ɛde atiridii ba.
• Anadwo fifiri: Ebia wobɛfe fifiri pii bere a woada araa ma wo mpa so ntama bɛtɔ.

Kae: Ebia wowɔ TB a ahintaw, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ worenda sɛnkyerɛnne biara adi. Nanso sɛ woyɛ TB nhwehwɛmu a, ebia ɛyɛ papa.

Dɛn na ɛde nsamanwaw ba?

Sɛnea madi kan aka no, nea ɛde eyi ba ne ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Saa mmoawa yi nam mframa mu trɛw . Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw fe, ɔfefe, ɔkasa, ɔto dwom, anaa ɔserew a, saa mmoawa yi fi hɔ kɔ mframa mu, na sɛ yɛhome saa mframa no a, etumi kɔ yɛn ahurututu mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, mmoawa a wɔhyɛn nipadua no mu wɔ saa kwan yi so no nso tumi kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.

So nsamanwaw ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, nsamanwaw titiriw ne nea ɛtaa ba ne nsamanwaw a ɛka ahurututu no. Yɛfrɛ no Ahurututu mu Nsanyare .

Nanso, saa mmoawa yi tumi ka nipadua no afã afoforo nso. Yɛfrɛ eyi nsamanwaw a ɛwɔ ahurututu akyi .

Ebia woate yare bi a wɔfrɛ no Miliary Tuberculosis nso ho asɛm . Ɛtrɛw kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa na ebetumi de tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ:

• Amemene no mu ɔfe - Yɛfrɛ eyi `(Meningitis)`.
• Akyi berɛmo mu nsamanwaw - Wɔfrɛ yei `(Pott yareɛ)` anaa `(Akyi berɛmo mu nsamanwaw)`.
• Addison yare, tebea bi a ɛfa adrenal glands ho.
• Hepatitis a ɛyɛ mmerɛbo mu yare.
• Ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu a ɛho ahonhon - Wɔfrɛ eyi `(Scrofula)`.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde nsamanwaw kɔ nnipa mu?

Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yehu no yiye. Nsamanwaw trɛw bere a obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu TB a ɛyɛ nnam no ɔfe, ɔfefe, ɔkasa, ɔto dwom, anaa ɔserew no. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛyɛ nnam wɔ wɔn ahurututu mu nkutoo na ɛtrɛw .

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wobɛkyere yare yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ yare no di nkitaho kɛse bere tenten . Ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛkyere afi obi a wubehyia no wɔ abɔnten so ara kwa no hɔ.

Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔhome TB mmoawa no wɔ tumi a wɔde ko tia mmoawa no na wɔmma ɛnnyin. Ɛno ne bere a TB a ahintaw a madi kan aka ho asɛm no ba.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya nsamanwaw?

Nnipa binom taa nya nsamanwaw mmoawa no. Momma yɛnhwɛ nnipa ko a wɔyɛ:

• Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsamanwaw betumi atrɛw akɔ nnipa a wɔte anaa wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a nnipa ahyɛ hɔ ma, te sɛ afiase, nkwakoraa ne mmerewa afie, nkwakoraa ne mmerewa afie, akwahosan ho mmeae, ne dabere mu.
• Wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ microbiology laboratories (Mycobacteriology laboratory) no fam.
• Wɔ mmeae a nsamanwaw abu so, te sɛ Latin Amerika, Caribbean, Afrika, Asia, Europa Apuei Fam, ne RussiaWɔn a wɔatena ase anaa wɔatu kwan no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔne obi a wonim no anaa wosusuw sɛ ɔwɔ nsamanwaw abɛn no fam .

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya TB a ahintaw anaa TB a ɛyɛ nnam?

Nnipa a wodi so yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ nsamanwaw a ahintaw bɛdan TB a ɛyɛ nnam:

• Wɔn a wɔde nnuru a wɔde fa ntini mu gu wɔn mu no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no fam. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nkokoaa, mmofra nkumaa, nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV, ne nnipa a wɔnom nnuru a esiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ano.
• Wɔn a wɔwɔ nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ asaabo mu yare ne asikreyare no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔayɛ wɔn akwaa foforo no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔreyɛ nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram no fam.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu nsamanwaw?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw a, sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a edidi so yi:

• Wo honam ani nhwehwɛmu anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi ne ɔkwan titiriw a wobɛfa so ahwɛ sɛ woanya nsamanwaw mmoawa no anaa.
• Lab nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ahurututu ne ahurututu mu nsu ho: Wɔfa wo ahurututu no bi na wɔhwɛ sɛ ebia mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobehu sɛ nsakrae bi aba ahurututu no mu anaa.
• CT scan: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi boa ma wonya mfonini a emu da hɔ sen X-ray.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa nsamanwaw? So wobetumi asa no yare?

Aane! Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ nsamanwaw yɛ yare a wotumi sa! Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa no yiye.

Nnuruyɛfo de nnuru pɔtee bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa TB a ɛyɛ nnam ne nea ahintaw nyinaa . Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na ɔyare mmoawa no afi hɔ koraa no, ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru ahorow pii bere koro mu.

Ɛho hia yiye: Ɛsɛ sɛ wonom saa aduru yi bere tenten – anyɛ yiye koraa no asram asia kosi akron . Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubewie nnuru no nyinaa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, a worenhwere da koro mpo. Ɛno ansa na wubetumi ayi saa mmoawa yi afi wo nipadua mu koraa.

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Sɛ woannom aduru no yiye anaasɛ wugyae nom fã a, dɛn na ɛba? Yare no betumi asan aba bio. Nea ɛyɛ hu kɛse mpo ne sɛ mmoawa no betumi asesa ma wɔatumi ako atia aduru no (nnuru a wɔko tia). Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛbɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wɔbɛsa.

Nnuru a wɔde sa nsamanwaw

Nnuru ahorow bi a ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw ama wo ni:

• `(Isoniazid)`
• `(Rifampin)`
• `(Ethambutol)`
• `(Pyrazinamide)`
• `(Rifapentine)`

(Eyinom ne nnuru ahorow a wɔtaa kyerɛw ma wo. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo tebea no na wakyerɛw nnuru ne dodow a wɔde afrafra a ɛfata sen biara.)

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na asa?

Sɛ wohyɛ aduru no ase adapɛn kakraa bi akyi a, wo ho bɛtɔ wo kakra, na wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no befi ase ano abrɛ ase. Wo ɔfe bɛbrɛ ase, na w’akɔnnɔ bɛdɔɔso. Nanso nnyae aduru no nom esiane sɛ wo ho atɔ wo nti! Ayaresa bere no nyinaa begye asram 6 kosi 9. Ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru no yiye wɔ saa bere no nyinaa mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

• Sɛ wususuw sɛ woanya nsamanwaw a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
• Sɛ wunya nsamanwaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne (ɔfe, atiridiinini, wo mu duru a ɛso tew) a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu, efisɛ wubetumi atrɛw akɔ obi foforo mu.
• Sɛ worenom nnuru a wɔde sa nsamanwaw na wote nka sɛ worenya nsunsuanso bɔne biara a efi aduru no mu (e.g., aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, nipadua mu yaw, akisikuru) a, ka ɛno nso kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de asiw nsamanwaw a ɛbɛba na atrɛw ano?

Eyi ho hia paa. Yɛn nyinaa betumi aboa ma wɔayɛ eyi.

• Fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye bere nyinaa.
• Fa wo nsateaa anaa ntini bi kata w’ano ne wo hwene so bere a worefefe anaa worefefe no. Ɛho hia nso sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛfefe anaa wobɛfefe wɔ afoforo anim bere a wowɔ abɔnten no.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, brɛ wo ne nnipa afoforo a wobɛbɛn no kɛse sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Sɛ wɔresa wo nsamanwaw yare a, fa nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no nyinaa pɛpɛɛpɛ ne bere a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam a, nsan nkɔ adwuma anaa sukuu kosi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo kwan.

Wɔ ayaresabea ahorow no, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde besiw nsamanwaw trɛw ano ne mframa pa a wɔde bɛma ne Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (te sɛ akataso) a nnuruyɛfo de bedi dwuma.

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde ko tia nsamanwaw?

Yiw, aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `(BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)`. Aman bi (wɔmfa nni dwuma kɛse wɔ aman te sɛ Amerika mu, nanso wɔde di dwuma wɔ aman te sɛ Sri Lanka mu) de di dwuma. Titiriw wɔ aman a nsamanwaw abu so no, wɔde saa aduru yi ma mmofra nkumaa de bɔ wɔn ho ban fi yare a emu yɛ den no ho.

nsamanwaw abu so dɛn?

Sɛnea Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde kyerɛ no, afe 2020 mu no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 10 nyaa nsamanwaw wɔ wiase nyinaa, na bɛyɛ ɔpepem 1.5 wuwui. Bere bi, na nsamanwaw ne ade titiriw a ɛde owu ba wɔ United States. Nanso, bere a wɔde ayaresa foforo bae no, ayarefo yi dodow so tew ntɛmntɛm wɔ 1940 ne 1950 mfe no mu. Nsamanwaw nso yɛ akwahosan ho haw titiriw wɔ Sri Lanka.

Nanso kae sɛ nsamanwaw yɛ yare a wobetumi asa, sɛ wudi nnuruyɛfo afotu akyi na wonom nnuru a ɛfata a.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ mubetumi akae nsɛm a ɛho hia sen biara no bi afi nea yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ a ɛfa nsamanwaw ho no mu.

Nsamanwaw nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, nanso ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu no adewa nso.

• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien , atiridiinini, fifiri a ɛba anadwo, ne wo mu duru a ɛso tew a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw adi nkitaho kɛse a, ka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no.
• Ayaresa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa nsamanwaw, na sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa no yiye na wɔde ma bere a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ no a, wobetumi asa no koraa.
• Sɛ mpo wo ho tɔ wo kakra bere a wufi ase nom aduru no a, nnyae nom kosi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo.
• Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubesusuw w’ankasa akwahosan ne wɔn a wɔatwa wo ho ahyia no akwahosan ho na woayɛ w’ade wɔ asɛyɛde mu.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa aban akwahosan asoɛe a ɛbɛn wo no. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Nsamanwaw, TB, ɔfe, ahurututu, ɔyare mmoawa, ayaresa, sɛnkyerɛnne