So wɔaka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa!

Sɛ oduruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ `(Endoscopic Ultrasound)` anaa `(EUS)` nhwehwɛmu a, wubetumi ate ehu nka kakra, ɛnte saa? "Sɔhwɛ foforo bɛn na eyi yɛ?" "So ɛbɛyɛ yaw?" "Adɛn nti na wɔreyɛ eyi?" Ebia nsɛmmisa pii a ɛte saa bɛba w’adwenem. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ daa. Enti ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka saa `(EUS)` sɔhwɛ yi ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu, sɛnea wo ne w'adamfo bi bɛkasa no. Afei wubetumi anya ho ntease pa.

Enti, dɛn ne endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, EUS yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛhwɛ wo aduan mu . Oduruyɛfo bi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ aduan a wɔyam (a wɔtaa frɛ no yafunu mu ɔyaresafo) na ɔyɛ eyi.

Saa ``(EUS)`` sɔhwɛ yi de nneɛma atitiriw abien a wɔaka abom di dwuma:

1. Endoscope: Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa yiye, tenten, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw a mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi ne hann abata n’awiei biako ho. Eyi ne nea ɛma oduruyɛfo no hu wo nipadua no mu yiye.

2. Ultrasound: Wɔ endoscope no awiei, ne mfoninitwa afiri, na afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde hwɛ ultrasound (probe) ka ho. Eyi de nnyigyei asorɔkye yɛ wo mu akwaa, wo ntini, ne wo mogya ntini ho mfonini . Ɛte sɛ ultrasound scan a wo ba no nya, nanso wɔyɛ no wo nipadua mu.

Enti sɛ wɔka abien yi bom a, ɛnyɛ wo aduan mu ntini no afasu (nhyehyɛe) nko na oduruyɛfo no betumi anya mfonini a emu da hɔ yiye, na mmom akwaa afoforo a ɛbɛn no (sɛ nhwɛso no, dwensɔtwaa ne akisikuru) nso.

Henanom na wɔtaa hia EUS sɔhwɛ yi?

Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɛhia sɛ ɔnya saa ``(EUS)`` sɔhwɛ yi. Ebia oduruyɛfo bi bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nhwɛ ayaresa tebea horow bi anaasɛ wɔnsi so dua. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Sɛ wo yafunu yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa anaasɛ wo koko yɛ wo yaw a , hwehwɛ nea ɛde ba.
• Sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram bi atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo (kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo) .
• Sɛ woahu akuru, akuru, anaa nyini wɔ CT scan anaa MRI scan a atwam mu a, hwehwɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw biara wɔ wo aduan mu , sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu, anaa akyi berɛmo mu mpaapaemu.
• Gallbladder disease , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ akisikuru mu abo anaasɛ wowɔ akisikuru a ɛyɛ hyew (cholecystitis).
• Hwehwɛ ahurututu mu nyarewa bi , te sɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho nsɛm.
• Nyarewa a ɛba dwensɔtwaa muHwehwɛ ho nsɛm. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne tebea horow te sɛ dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram, dwensɔtwaa mu akisikuru, ne dwensɔtwaa mu yare.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛmene aduan , sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ ``Barrett's esophagus''.

Ɛyɛ nsɛm a ɛte sɛ eyinom mu na EUS betumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu emu na wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Dɛn ne EUS sɔhwɛ ahorow atitiriw?

Wobetumi akyekyɛ EUS sɔhwɛ ahorow mu ayɛ no akuw atitiriw abien, a egyina baabi a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ no so.

1. EUS a ɛwɔ soro

Eyi hwɛ wo aduan mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro no . Ɛyɛ:

• Wo esophagus (aduan paipu), yafunu (yafunu), ne wo dwensɔtwaa ketewa (duodenum) no atifi fã a ɛwɔ mu.
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu, mogya ntini, akisikuru, ne akisikuru a ɛbata ho.
• Etumi nso hwehwɛ akwaa a ɛbɛn te sɛ dwensɔtwaa, akisikuru, ne mogya ntini mu.

2. EUS a ɛba fam

Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwɛ wo aduan mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ fam no . Ɛyɛ:

• Ntini a atwa akyi berɛmo no ano (anal sphincter) ho ahyia.
• Mogya ntini, ntini a ɛma mogya tu, akisikuru, ne kokoram a ɛwɔ saa beae no.
• Dwonku kɛse no fã a etwa to (rectum ne colon) no mu ade.

Oduruyɛfo no begyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne w'ahiade so asi ``EUS'' abien yi mu nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ho gyinae.

So wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo ka EUS no ho?

Yiw, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, bere a wɔreyɛ EUS no, wobetumi ayɛ adeyɛ foforo a ɛho hia. Ɛne sɛ, Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) .

Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ edin tenten, nanso ɛyɛ eyi ara kwa: Bere a oduruyɛfo no de ``(EUS)`` rehwɛ mu no, obetumi ahwɛ ultrasound mfonini ahorow no, de ade a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye afa endoscope no mu, na wafa ntini anaa nsu ketewaa bi afi baabi a ɛyɛ hu . Wɔfrɛ eyi ``(FNA)``, na nnipa binom nso frɛ no ``(biopsy)``.

Afei wɔde nhwɛsode no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi, na ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa biara a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa. Eyi boa ma wohu sɛnea yare no te ankasa .

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ ansa na wɔayɛ EUS sɔhwɛ no?

Sɛ wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛyɛ EUS nhwehwɛmu a, wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ da a edi kan no ho. Ɛho hia sɛ wudi wɔn akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ sɔhwɛ a edi mu . Mpɛn pii no, wɔde nneɛma te sɛ:

• Ɛfa nnuru a wonom ho: Sɛ worenom nnuru a wɔde sa nneɛma te sɛ asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, anaa komayare, titiriw nea ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw aSɛ worenom nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw (e.g., Coumadin®, Plavix®) anaa insulin a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo . Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ ɔsesa nnuru no dodow anaasɛ ogyae nnuru no nom nna kakraa bi.
• Aduan ne Nsã: Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nnidi anaa nnom biribiara nnɔnhwerew pii ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no (mpɛn pii no nnɔnhwerew 6-8). Ɛho hia sɛ wunya yafunu da mpan na ama sɔhwɛ no mu ada hɔ.
• Bowel prep: Sɛ wowɔ EUS a ɛba fam a, wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛkyerɛw nsuo soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ``bowel prep'' de asiesie wo colon. Eyi bɛma woahu wo dwonku no mu yiye.
• Afotu foforo: Ebia wɔbɛma wo afotu pɔtee bi. Tie ne nyinaa yiye na di akyi.

Dɛn ankasa na ɛba wɔ EUS a ɛwɔ soro no mu?

Mpɛn pii no, EUS a ɛwɔ soro no yɛ ayaresa a wɔde kɔ ayaresabea. Wɔremfa wo nkɔ ayaresabea mma saa oprehyɛn yi. Nanso esiane sɛ wɔbɛma wo aduru a ɛma obi dwo (anesthesia) wɔ saa oprehyɛn yi mu nti, wubehia obi a ɔde wo bɛka kar akɔ fie wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi. Ɛyɛ papa nso sɛ wobɛma obi aka wo ho da mũ no nyinaa. Upper EUS nhyehyɛe no taa gye bɛyɛ simma 60 .

Nneɛma a edidi so yi si wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu:

1. Wɔbɛdane wo akɔ benkum na wɔama woada.

2. Ɔyarehwɛfo bi de kankyee ketewaa bi bɛhyɛ ntini bi mu wɔ wo basa mu na wama wo aduru a ɛma wo dwo afa mu. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woagye w’ahome na woante sɔhwɛ no nka.

3. Mebɛpete aduru bi a ɛbɛma wo menewa ayɛ mmerɛw.

4. Wɔde plastic bi a wɔde siw ano bɛhyɛ w’anom na amma wo sẽ ansɛe na woanwe endoscope no.

5. Afei oduruyɛfo no de nkakrankakra de ultrasound endoscope no bɛhyɛ w’anom, akɔ wo menewam, akɔ wo yafunu mu, na afei ɔde akɔ wo dwensɔtwaa ketewaa no atifi (duodenum). Worente ɛyaw biara nka wɔ saa bere yi mu . Wubetumi ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ.

6. Oduruyɛfo no hwɛ ultrasound mfonini ahorow wɔ monitor so na ɔhwehwɛ wo aduan mu ntini a ɛwɔ soro, akwaa a atwa ho ahyia, akuru, ne akisikuru mu.

7. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔyɛ `(FNA)` a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛfa ntini mu nhwɛsode no, saa bere yi.

8. Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no wie a, oduruyɛfo no de nkakrankakra beyi endoscope no afi hɔ. Wobegyae aduru a ɛma obi dwo no. Afei wɔde wo bɛkɔ dan bi a wɔde wo ho atɔ wo mu na wɔatwɛn sɛ nkakrankakra wobɛsan anya w’adwene.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a EUS a ɛba fam no?

Subtotal ultrasound (EUS) no ne supratotal ultrasound yɛ pɛ, na ɛyɛ da koro sɔhwɛ. Wɔbɛma wo aduru a ɛma obi dwo nso, enti ebehia sɛ obi de wo kar kɔ fie.

Mpɛn pii no, sɔhwɛ yi gye nea ennu simma 60.Ɛno ne nea ɛrekɔ so. Wɔ `(EUS)` a wɔyɛ wɔ honam ani no ho no, `(FNA)` no sua kakra.

Eyi ne nea ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no:

1. Wɔbɛdane wo akɔ benkum na wɔama woada.

2. Wɔbɛma wo aduru a wɔde da denam IV so na aboa wo ma woagye w’ahome.

3. Oduruyɛfo no de ultrasound endoscope no fa wo hwene ne wo akyi berɛmo mu na ɔkyerɛ kwan fa wo dwensɔtwaa mu. Worente ɛyaw anaa ɔhaw biara nka bere a woreyɛ saa oprehyɛn yi . Wubetumi ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ.

4. Oduruyɛfo no hwɛ ultrasound mfonini ahorow a ɛwɔ monitor no so no na ɔhwehwɛ wo aduan mu ntini a ɛwɔ fam, akwaa a atwa ho ahyia, ne akuru biara mu.

5. Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no wie a, wobeyi endoscope no nkakrankakra na wɔagyae aduru a ɛma obi dwo no. Wobɛsan anya n’adwene bio nkakrankakra.

Wote nka dɛn wɔ EUS sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Mpɛn pii no , nnuru a wɔde dwudwo wo a wɔde maa wo no nkɛntɛnso no sɛe wɔ simma 30 kosi dɔnhwerew biako mu . Ɛno akyi no, ebia wubenya ɔhaw nketenkete bi te sɛ:

• Sɛ wowɔ EUS a ɛba fam a, ebia wubenya: gas, wo ho popo, anaasɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo .
• Sɛ woyɛ EUS a ɛwɔ soro a: menewa mu yaw .

Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yera koraa wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 mu , enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw adwene.

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhome da no nyinaa wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Wubetumi asan afi wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no ase da a edi hɔ no.

Asiane anaa nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ EUS nhwehwɛmu mu?

Mpɛn pii no wobu EUS sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom kɛse . Nanso, sɛnea ɛte wɔ aduruyɛ biara mu no, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ nsɛnnennen betumi aba, a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Eyinom bi ne:

• Ade a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho.
• Biribiara a ɛsɛe aduan mu nneɛma anaa mogya a ɛbɛtɔ.
• Wɔ EUS a ɛwɔ soro mu no, nsu a efi ano anaa yafunu mu kɔ ahurututu no mu (lung aspiration).
• Pancreas no mu ɔfe (pancreatitis) (eyi betumi asi titiriw bere a wɔayɛ upper endoscopy (EUS) ne needle biopsy akyi).
• Tokuru (perforation/tear) a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa no fasu mu.

Saa nneɛma yi ntaa nsi , nanso eye sɛ wobɛma w’ani ada hɔ. Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, oduruyɛfo no bɛsa no sɛnea ɛfata.

Bere bɛn na mehu nea efii EUS sɔhwɛ no mu bae ?

Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no ara pɛ a, oduruyɛfo no bɛma woanya nea wohuu wɔ EUS bere no mu no ho adwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Nanso, sɛ woyii ntini bi (biopsy) fii FNA no mu na wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu a, ebetumi agye adapɛn pii ansa na wɔanya amanneɛbɔ no nyinaa . Sɛ saa amanneɛbɔ no ba wie a, oduruyɛfo no de wo bɛsan aba na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ nhwehwɛmu no akyi a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara anaa kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo:

• Sɛ mogya wɔ nsu mu (`mogya wɔ nsu mu`).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo anaa ɛyɛ wo yaw bere a worekɔ tiafi no a.
• Sɛ wowɔ atiridii anaa sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanya ɔyare no (te sɛ awɔw ne nipadua mu yaw).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛmene aduan a.
• Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru ne ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa a.
• Yafunu mu yaw anaa koko mu yaw a wontumi nnyina ano, a emu yɛ den, ɛkɔ so daa.
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa.

Sɛ wowɔ saa nneɛma yi a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛnkyɛ.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya adwene pa wɔ `(Endoscopic Ultrasound - EUS)` sɔhwɛ no ho.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) yɛ ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom na etu mpɔn yiye a wobɛfa so ahwɛ wo aduan mu. Ebetumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu nea ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba, titiriw aduan mu haw, kokoram, ne kokoram a ɛtrɛw. Sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi agye ntini nhwɛsode (biopsy / FNA).

Eyi yɛ ``minimally invasive`` sɔhwɛ, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no a wɔantwitwa kɛse na wubetumi akɔ fie da koro no ara. Enti, sɛ oduruyɛfo bi ka kyerɛ wo sɛ nya ``(EUS)`` a, nsuro ho a ɛho nhia. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.

` Endoscopic ultrasound, EUS, aduan mu nhyehyɛe, endoscopy, ultrasound, biopsy, kokoram nhwehwɛmu