Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa thyroid kokoram ho

So woate thyroid kokoram ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia w’adamfo anaa w’abusua muni bi anya saa tebea yi. Anaasɛ ebia woahu wɔ atesɛm krataa anaa Intanɛt so. Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ hu kakra de, nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubenya ho ntease a emu da hɔ. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka nea thyroid kokoram yɛ, sɛnea ɛba, nea ɛkyerɛ, ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde yɛ no ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, misusuw sɛ eyi bɛma woanya ntease kɛse.

Dɛn ne thyroid gland ne thyroid kokoram?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, thyroid gland yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ wo kɔn ase. Ɛho hia yiye efisɛ ɛma nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ sɛnea wo nipadua de ahoɔden, anaa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no di dwuma so . Saa nkwaadɔm yi nso boa ma wɔhwɛ nipadua mu hyew , mogya mmoroso, ne koma bɔ so .

Enti, thyroid kokoram ne bere a nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ thyroid gland no mu no fi ase nyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so na wontumi nni so. Wɔabu no sɛ kokoram a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu. Nanso nea eye sen biara ne sɛ, mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ kokoram a wotumi sa yiye na wotumi sa . Nnipa dodow a wɔsa wɔn yare nso dɔɔso yiye.

Saa thyroid kokoram yi abu so dɛn?

Afei ebia woresusuw nnipa dodow a eyi ka wɔn ho. Sɛ wohwɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ United States no a, afe biara na nnipa foforo bɛyɛ 53,000 na wɔwɔ thyroid kokoram. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi saa. Nanso sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wotumi sa thyroid kokoram ahorow dodow no ara yiye . Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae nso sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ 2,000 na yare yi kunkum wɔn afe biara.

Ade foforo nso ne sɛ mmea betumi anya thyroid kokoram bɛyɛ mprɛnsa sen mmarima. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ mmea a wɔadi mfe 40 ne 50 mu, ne mmarima a wɔadi mfe 60 ne 70 mu. Mma ɛnnyɛ wo nwonwa, ɛtɔ da bi a mmofra nkumaa mpo tumi nya saa yare yi.

Dɛn ne thyroid kokoram ahorow atitiriw?

Nnuruyɛfo gyina nkwammoaa ko a kokoram no fi mu so na ɛkyekyɛ thyroid kokoram mu. Ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ:

• Papillary carcinoma : Saa kokoram yi na ɛba thyroid kokoram nyinaa mu bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 80 . Enyin nkakrankakra paa. Papillary carcinoma yɛ n’ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho, sɛ ɛtrɛw kɔ ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu mpo a. Eyi kyerɛ sɛTumi a ebetumi asa yare no dɔɔso yiye, na asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ebepira nkwa no sua koraa.
• Follicular cancer: Saa kokoram yi na ɛde thyroid kokoram bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 15 ba. Ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw akɔ nnompe ne emu akwaa ahorow te sɛ ahurututu mu. Sɛ ɛtrɛw pɛ a, ebetumi ayɛ den kɛse sɛ wɔbɛsa ( kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo ).
• Medullary cancer: Saa kokoram yi na ɛma thyroid kokoram bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 2. Nnipa a wɔwɔ medullary cancer no mu bɛyɛ nkyem anan mu biako wɔ abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔanya yare no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nsakrae na ɛde ba.
• Anaplastic carcinoma: Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den sen biara sɛ wɔbɛsa . Enyin ntɛmntɛm paa na ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm kɔ ntini a atwa ho ahyia ne nipadua no afã afoforo. Nanso, ɛntaa nsi koraa, na ɛyɛ thyroid kokoram bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 2.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu thyroid kokoram no fã ahorow?

Nnuruyɛfo de ɔkwan bi di dwuma de hwɛ baabi a kokoram atrɛw akodu, a wɔfrɛ no kokoram fã ahorow. Mpɛn pii no, bere a thyroid kokoram nkwammoaa trɛw (metastasize) kan kɔ ntini ne ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu no. Afei wobetumi atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri, akwaa, ne nnompe mu.

Thyroid kokoram no fã bi wɔ hɔ, efi biako (I) kosi anan (IV). Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dodow a dodow no dɔɔso no, dodow no ara na kokoram no atrɛw. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu eyi ho nsɛm pii a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.

Dɛn ne kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya thyroid kokoram?

Ebia wo anaa wo duruyɛfo bɛte nka sɛ wo kɔn mu ayɛ kurukuruwa anaasɛ enyin ketewaa bi. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ thyroid nodule. Nanso so ɛnsɛ sɛ akisikuru bi a ɛwɔ hɔ no ma wo ho dwiriw wo? Saa akuru yi mu dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram (ɛnyɛ bɔne) . Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, thyroid ntini 20 biara mu bɛyɛ 3 yɛ kokoram (a ɛyɛ hu).

Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo nso wɔ hɔ:

• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome anaasɛ wobɛmene .
• Ɛnne a ɛsakra, ɛyɛ dede .
• Ntini a ɛho ahonhon wɔ kɔn mu.

Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw a, dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, thyroid kokoram betumi atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo. Sɛ eyi ba a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa.
• Aduan yɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ .
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ teateaa a ntease biara nnim.

Dɛn na ɛde thyroid kokoram ba?

Abenfo nnim nea enti a nkwammoaa binom dan yare na ɛtow hyɛ thyroid ntini no so no ankasa. Nanso, wɔahu sɛ nneɛma bi ma asiane no yɛ kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mframa a ano yɛ den a wɔde di dwuma, aduan a iodine nnim pii, ne awosu mu nneɛma bi.

Asiane afoforo bi ni:

• Thyroid gland a ɛyɛ kɛse (goiter).
• Sɛ obi wɔ abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ thyroid yare anaa thyroid kokoram.
• Thyroiditis yɛ thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ hyew.
• Endocrine nyarewa fi awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) anaa type 2B (MEN2B).
• Iodine a ɛnnɔɔso wɔ aduan no mu.
• Kɛse mmoroso (Nipadua mu Nsõ Ho Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkɔ soro).
• Esiane sɛ wɔanya mframa a wɔde sa yare a wɔde sa kokoram wɔ ne ti ne kɔn mu, titiriw wɔ mmofraase nti.
• Nneɛma a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a efi nuklea akode anaa anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea akwanhyia mu ba a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya thyroid kokoram?

Sɛ wowɔ thyroid nodule a ayɛ kɛse anaa sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom betumi ahwɛ sɛnea thyroid hormone dodow te ahwɛ sɛ ntini no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.
• Biopsy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ade a wɔde twetwe nkwammoaa nketenkete bi fi thyroid ntini no mu de hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔyɛ sentinel node biopsy nso de hwɛ sɛ atrɛw akɔ lymph nodes mu anaa. Wɔde ultrasound nso di dwuma de boa ma wohu beae pɔtee a kokoram no wɔ bere a wɔreyɛ biopsy yi.
• Radioiodine scan: Eyi betumi ahu sɛ kokoram no wɔ hɔ na atrɛw anaa. Womene aduru ketewaa bi a iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive dodow a ahobammɔ wom wom. Wo thyroid ntini no twetwe iodine no wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu. Afei afiri titiriw bi susuw radioactivity dodow a ɛwɔ ntini no mu. Sɛ mmeae bi wɔ hɔ a radioactivity no sua a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo de hwɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ saa mmeae no anaa.
• Mfonini afoforo: Radioactive iodine scans, computed tomography (CT) scans, ne positron emission tomography (PET) scans tumi hu thyroid kokoram na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia atrɛw anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa thyroid kokoram?

Ayaresa no gyina akisikuru no kɛse ne sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw anaa. Ayaresa atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

• Oprehyɛn: Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so sa yare.Ɛdenam sɛnea akisikuru no kɛse ne beae a ɛwɔ so no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no betumi ayi thyroid gland no fã bi (lobectomy) anaa gland no nyinaa (thyroidectomy). Ebia wobeyi ntini a ɛbɛn baabi a kokoram nkwammoaa no atrɛw no nso afi hɔ.
• Radioiodine ayaresa: Te sɛ radioiodine scan no, eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde aduru anaa nsu a radioactive iodine wom ma. Nanso, dodow a wɔde ma no dɔɔso sen nea wɔde ma sɛ wɔmfa nyɛ scan no. Saa iodine yi twetwe thyroid ntini a ɛyare ne kokoram nkwammoaa no na ɛsɛe. Saa ayaresa yi yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho koraa. Thyroid ntini no twetwe iodine no fã kɛse no ara, na ɛma nipadua no fã a aka no nya mframa kakraa bi pɛ.
• Mframa a wɔde sa yare: Mframa kunkum kokoram nkwammoaa na ɛmma wontumi nnyin. Wɔ abɔnten so mframa a wɔde sa yare mu no, afiri bi kyerɛ mframa a ano yɛ den kwan kɔ kokoram no so tẽẽ. Wɔ mframa a wɔde sa yare a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu mu no, wɔde aba nketenkete a ɛma mframa bɔne gu kokoram no mu anaa ne ho.
• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare: Nnuru a wɔde sa yare, a wɔde fa ntini mu anaa wɔnom no kunkum kokoram nkwammoaa na ɛmma kokoram no nnyin. Nanso, nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ thyroid kokoram no nhia nnuru a wɔde sa wɔn yare.
• Hormone therapy: Saa ayaresa yi yɛ adwuma denam hormone ahorow a ɛboa ma kokoram no trɛw anaasɛ ɛsan nyin no a wogyae no so.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ thyroid kokoram mu?

Thyroid kokoram betumi atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo te sɛ mmerɛbo, ahurututu, anaa nnompe. Sɛ wohu kokoram no na wɔsa no ntɛm a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ eyi bɛtrɛw no so betumi atew.

Sɛ wɔsa thyroid kokoram akyi mpo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi asan aba (asan aba bio) . Esiane sɛ thyroid kokoram nyin nkakrankakra nti, ebetumi adi mfe 20 ansa na asan aba bio. Wɔn a wɔwɔ thyroid kokoram no mu bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 bɛsan aba.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ woyɛ wo thyroid oprehyɛn anaa wɔsa wo yare wie a, wo nipadua hia thyroid hormone ahorow. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom thyroid hormone nnuru wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde hormone ahorow a wɔayɛ te sɛ `(levothyroxine)` ma. Eyinom si hormone ahorow a nipadua no ntumi nyɛ fi awosu mu ananmu. Mpɛn pii no, eyinom mfa ɔhaw akɛse mma, nanso ebehia sɛ wokɔ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu daa de hwɛ w’akwahosan.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na thyroid kokoram ka nyinsɛn?

Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, thyroid kokoram ne kokoram a ɛto so abien a wɔtaa hu bere a wɔyem no.(Nea edi kan ne nufu mu kokoram.) Ntini mu kokoram bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 na ɛba bere a wɔyem anaa wɔ awo akyi afe a edi kan no mu. Abenfo susuw sɛ ebia hormone dodow a ɛsakra bere a wɔyem no yɛ ade a ɛde ba.

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ thyroid kokoram wɔ nyinsɛn mu a, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa afa ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho. Ɛdenam kokoram no su ne sɛnea emu yɛ den so no, wobetumi akyɛ ayaresa no mu kosi sɛ wɔbɛwo akokoaa no akyi. Sɛ ɛno ntumi nyɛ yiye a, nnipa dodow no ara betumi ayɛ oprehyɛn de ayi kokoram ntini no afi hɔ dwoodwoo. Nanso, ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mframa a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa bere a wɔyem anaa bere a wɔrema nufu no.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na obi ho atɔ no wɔ thyroid kokoram ayaresa mu?

Ɛsono bere a egye ansa na eyi asi. Nneɛma pii ka eyi, a nea ɛka ho ne mfe a woadi, akisikuru no kɛse, baabi a kokoram no wɔ, ne ayaresa ko a wɔde maa wo. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nea wobɛhwɛ kwan wɔ w’ayaresa no mu ne bere a woawie no ho.

So wobetumi asiw thyroid kokoram ano?

Nnipa pii nya thyroid kokoram a ntease biara nnim, enti ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesiw ano koraa. Nanso, sɛ wunim sɛ wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya thyroid kokoram a, anammɔn bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ.

• Oprehyɛn a wɔde siw ano (a wɔde siw ano): Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu sɛ ebia wowɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae bi a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya tebea horow te sɛ medullary thyroid cancer anaa multiple endocrine neoplasia no yɛ kɛse anaa. Sɛ wowɔ awosu mu abɔde no a, ebia wubetumi ayɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde siw ano de ayi thyroid ntini no ansa na kokoram aba.
• Potassium iodide: Sɛ wunya mframa a efi nuklea akwanhyia mu (te sɛ 2011 Fukushima akwanhyia a esii wɔ Japan) a, potassium iodide (Pima®) a wobɛnom wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 ntam no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya thyroid kokoram akyiri yi wɔ wo nkwa nna mu no so. Potassium iodide yɛ adwuma denam thyroid ntini no a ɛmma ɛntwetwe iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive pii, na ɛboa ma ntini no nya apɔwmuden no so.

Dɛn ne thyroid kokoram a wɔsa?

Nnipa du biara mu awotwe a wɔwɔ thyroid kokoram no wɔ papillary type a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Sɛ papillary thyroid kokoram no wɔ baabi (ɛwɔ baabi) wɔ ntini no mu a, mfe anum a wɔde tra ase no bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 100. Sɛ kokoram no atrɛw (atrɛw akɔ mmeae afoforo) a, dodow no bɛn ɔha biara mu nkyem 80. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, obi a ɔwɔ papillary thyroid kokoram a atrɛw no wɔ hokwan ɔha biara mu nkyem 80 sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no obenya nkwa mfe anum wɔ bere a wɔahu no akyi, sɛ wɔde toto obi a onni yare no ho a.

Mfe anum a wɔde tra ase wɔ thyroid kokoram ahorow afoforo ho ni:

• Follicular: Ɛbɛn 100% sɛ ɛwɔ ntini no mu a; bɛyɛ 63% sɛ ɛtrɛw a.
• Medullary a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:Sɛ ɛwɔ ntini no mu a, ɛbɛn 100%; sɛ ɛtrɛw a, ɛbɛyɛ bɛyɛ 40%.
• Anaplastic: Bɛyɛ 31% sɛ ɛwɔ ntini no mu a; bɛyɛ 4% sɛ ɛtrɛw a.

So wobetumi asa thyroid kokoram koraa?

Yiw, wobetumi asa thyroid kokoram ahorow dodow no ara koraa denam ayaresa so, titiriw sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa no ntrɛw nkɔ nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a. Sɛ ayaresa no ansa kokoram no koraa mpo a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbɛma asɛe kokoram no dodow biara a obetumi na amma ansan annyin anaasɛ antrɛw.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ thyroid kokoram a, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

• Akuru foforo bi pue wɔ kɔn no so.
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ soro.
• Ɔbɛyɛ teateaa anaa srade a ntease biara nnim.
• Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wɔte nka.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wowɔ thyroid kokoram a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm bi te sɛ eyinom:

• Dɛn nti na minyaa thyroid kokoram?
• Thyroid kokoram bɛn na mewɔ?
• So kokoram no atrɛw wɔ me thyroid ntini no akyi?
• Dɛn ne ayaresa a eye sen biara a wɔde sa kokoram a ɛte sɛɛ?
• Asiane ne nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na ɛwɔ ayaresa mu?
• So mehia ayaresa a wɔde besi thyroid hormone ananmu?
• So m’abusua wɔ asiane mu sɛ wobenya kokoram a ɛte sɛɛ? Sɛ saa a, so ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu?
• So metumi anya thyroid kokoram bio?
• So mewɔ asiane mu sɛ menya kokoram ahorow afoforo?
• Ɔhwɛ bɛn na mihia akyi wɔ ayaresa akyi?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ mehaw me ho wɔ nsɛnnennen ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho?

Awiei koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ meka sɛ... (Take-Home Message)

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wɔahu sɛ wowɔ kokoram no. Eyi yɛ nokware ɛmfa ho kokoram ko a ɛyɛ. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ thyroid kokoram dodow no ara yɛ wɔn ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho na ɛwɔ hokwan kɛse sɛ wɔbɛsa. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ ayaresa a eye sen biara a wubetumi apaw ama wo thyroid kokoram ko no mu.

Sɛ wosa yare wie a, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom thyroid hormone a wɔayɛ no wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Saa nkwaadɔm yi ho hia ma dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛho hia wɔ nipadua no mu. Mpɛn pii no, wɔmfa nsunsuanso bɔne akɛse mma. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔhwɛ w’akwahosan daa de hwɛ w’akwahosan. Nya adwempa, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi, na wubetumi agyina tebea yi ano yiye.