So wo thyroid ntini no reyɛ adwumaden dodo? Momma yɛnka hyperthyroidism ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe wo nipadua na wo ho nyɛ wo den? So wote nka sɛ wo nipadua reyɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm dodo kakra, wote nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo, na wo ho yɛ den sɛ wobɛma w’adwene akɔ so? Sɛ saa a, ebia wo thyroid gland no reyɛ adwumaden dodo kakra. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka tebea a wɔfrɛ no hyperthyroidism yi ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne hyperthyroidism? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, hyperthyroidism yɛ bere a thyroid ntini a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu no yɛ adwuma dodo na ɛma thyroid hormone pii ba. Thyroid gland yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim. Nanso ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa de, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma pii. Thyroid hormone ahorow ho hia na ama yɛadi nneɛma pii so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw sɛnea yɛn nipadua no de ahoɔden, anaa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no di dwuma ntɛmntɛm no.

Thyroid hormone ahorow titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, `triiodothyronine (T3)` ne `thyroxine (T4)`. `Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)` nso wɔ hɔ, a efi pituitary gland no mu na ɛka kyerɛ thyroid no sɛ wɔnyɛ hormone. Afei, wɔ hyperthyroidism mu no, nea ɛba ne sɛ saa `(T3)` ne `(T4)` hormone ahorow yi boaboa ano wɔ mogya no mu sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ. Afei, nneɛma pii a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no yɛ ntɛmntɛm, te sɛ keteke a ɛde mmirika tu mmirika. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo nipadua nyinaa wɔ “overdrive” mu. Ebia wobɛte nka mpo sɛ ɛnyɛ wo ho. Enti ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu eyi na sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, hyperthyroidism nyɛ tebea a abu so kɛse. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ ɔman te sɛ Amerika mu no, wɔka sɛ ɔmanfo no mu 1.3% pɛ na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi. Nanso, ɛka obiara, enti eye sɛ wobɛma w’ani ada hɔ.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya hyperthyroidism? Hwɛ sɛ wo nso wowɔ eyinom anaa!

Esiane sɛ hyperthyroidism betumi aka yɛn nipadua nyinaa nti, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne bɛboro biako. Ebia nnipa binom benya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu kakraa bi pɛ, bere a afoforo nso betumi anya pii prɛko pɛ. Hwɛ sɛ wunya eyinom mu biara mu osuahu:

• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Tachycardia) ne/anaasɛ koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm. Ɛte sɛ nea sanku rebɔ wɔ koko no mu.
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro .
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo nsa rewosow (`(Nsa wosow)`). Ɛte sɛ nea worewosow bere mpo a wokura tii kuruwa no.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo bere nyinaa, wo ho ntɔ wo, na/anaasɛ wo bo fuw ntɛm .
• Wo mu duru a ɛso tew ɛmfa ho sɛ wopɛ aduan pa , ebia ɛwom mpo sɛ wudi pii de.
• Mpɛn pii no akisikuru anaasɛTebea bi te sɛ atiridiinini .
• Fifiri a ɛboro so ne ɔhyew a wontumi nnyina ano kɛse.
• Nwi a entumi nnyina, te sɛ ti nhwi a ɛtɔ anaasɛ n’awiei a apaapae.
• Dae a wontumi nna (ntumi nna anadwo).
• Nsakrae a ɛba ɔbea brayɛ mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya dodow a ɛsen wɔ ɔsram no mu a ɛso tew anaasɛ brayɛ a egyae koraa .
• Kɔn no anim a ɛho ahonhon, a wɔfrɛ no goiter .
• Aniwa a ahonhon anaasɛ apue (`(Thyroid aniwa yare)`).

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi afi ase mpofirim, anaasɛ ebetumi aba nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a.

Dɛn nti na hyperthyroidism ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Nneɛma ahorow betumi ama obi anya hyperthyroidism. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu atitiriw no:

• Graves yare: Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa ma obi nya hyperthyroidism. Graves yare no yɛ tebea a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa thyroid ntini so, na ɛma ɛyɛ hormone pii dodo. Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ thyroid yare anaa yare afoforo a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya bi.

• Thyroid nodules: Eyinom yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa anaa akuwakuw a ɛba wɔ thyroid ntini no mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa akuru yi tumi ma thyroid hormone pii ba. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ eyi sɛ awuduru multinodular goiter (TMNG). Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, saa thyroid nodules yi ntaa nyɛ kokoram koraa.

• Thyroiditis: Eyi yɛ ɔfe, anaa ɔfe a ɛba thyroid gland no mu. Eyi betumi ama obi anya hyperthyroidism bere tiaa bi. Wɔ saa bere a wɔde yɛ nneɛma boro so yi akyi no, hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone a ɛnnɔɔso) betumi aba. Sɛ ɔfe no brɛ ase pɛ a, ebia hormone dodow asan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

• Iodine a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu dodo:Sɛ yɛnom iodine pii, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nnuan a yedi anaa nnuru bi mu a, ebetumi akanyan thyroid ntini no ma ayɛ hormone pii. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ iodine yɛ mineral a ɛho hia ma thyroid hormone ahorow a wɔyɛ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi aba bere a wo nsa ka IV iodinated contrast (aduru a wɔde yɛ x-ray ahorow bi) anaasɛ bere a wonom nnuru te sɛ Amiodarone (koma aduru) no.

• TSH-releasing pituitary adenoma / Thyrotropinoma: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Akisikuru ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ pituitary gland a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no ma wonya thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) pii dodo. Afei eyi hyɛ thyroid ntini no ma ɛyɛ hormone pii.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya hyperthyroidism?

Ɛda adi sɛ nnipa binom benya saa tebea yi sen afoforo. Asiane atitiriw a ɛka no no bi ne:

• Obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ thyroid yare ne/anaasɛ autoimmune tebea horow.
• Sigaretnom.
• Nyinsɛn (titiriw awo akyi thyroiditis, tebea a ɛba wɔ awo akyi).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu eyi?

Oduruyɛfo bedi nneɛma pii akyi de ahu sɛ wowɔ hyperthyroidism anaa:

1. Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Nea edi kan no, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo mu ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ hyperthyroidism ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi anaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, so wo thyroid ntini no ahonhon, so wo koma bɔ kɔ soro, na wo honam ani yɛ hyew na ɛyɛ mmerɛw?

2. Thyroid mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom hwɛ thyroid hormone dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Obi a ɔwɔ hyperthyroidism no wɔ hormone `(T3)` ne `(T4)` dodow a ɛkɔ soro sen sɛnea ɛte daa. ``Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)`` dodow taa (nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa) sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa.

3. Thyroid antibody mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi boa ma wohu sɛ ebia Graves yare no na ɛde ba anaa.

4. Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Wobetumi ayɛ wo thyroid ntini no ho mfonini nhwehwɛmu ahorow de ahu nea ɛde hyperthyroidism ba. Eyinom bi ne radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) nhwehwɛmu ne scan, ne thyroid ultrasound. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu akyerɛ wo na waka nea ɛfata wo kɛse akyerɛ wo.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa hyperthyroidism?

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ hyperthyroidism yɛ tebea a wotumi sa. Ɛdenam nea ɛde wo tebea no ba so no, ebia ayaresa ahorow bi fata wo sen afoforo. Wo duruyɛfo ne wo besusuw ayaresa akwan yi mu biara ho na waboa wo ma woapaw ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara ama wo.

• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia thyroid: Methimazole (Tapazole®) ne Propylthiouracil (PTU) brɛ tumi a wo thyroid ntini no tumi yɛ hormone ase. Saa nnuru yi ne aduru a wɔtaa de sa hyperthyroidism. Mpɛn pii no, wotumi di thyroid dwumadi so wɔ asram abien kosi abiɛsa ntam. Ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no befi ase ayɛ yiye wɔ nna anaa adapɛn kakraa bi mu.

• Radioactive iodine (RAI) ayaresa: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔnom capsule anaa nsu a radioactive iodine wom fa ano. Iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive no kɔ wo thyroid nkwammoaa no mu tẽẽ na ɛsɛe wɔn. Mpɛn pii no, RAI ayaresa sɛe thyroid ntini no koraa, na ɛnam so sa hyperthyroidism. Nanso, ɛho behia sɛ nnipa pii a wonya saa ayaresa yi nom thyroid hormone nnuru (Levothyroxine) wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu na ama hormone dodow akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata.

• Oprehyɛn (`(Thyroidectomy)`): Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn betumi ayi wo thyroid ntini no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi. Eyi betumi asiesie hyperthyroidism, nanso ɛtaa de ``Hypothyroidism`` (thyroid hormone dodow a ɛba fam) ba. Afei ɛho behia sɛ wonom thyroid hormone nnuru wo nkwa nna nyinaa.

• Beta-blockers: Nnuru yi betumi aboa ma wɔadi hyperthyroidism ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm, ahomegye, ne wosow so. Nanso wɔnsakra hormone dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo saa beta-blockers yi aka ayaresa afoforo ho.

Saa ayaresa yi mu biara wɔ n’ankasa nsunsuanso bɔne ne asiane ahorow. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ eyinom mu akyerɛ wo. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa nsɛm.

Dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ ma obi a ɔwɔ hyperthyroidism? (Nkɔmhyɛ) .

Hyperthyroidism yɛ tebea a wotumi sa. Nnipa dodow no ara yɛ yiye wɔ ayaresa mu. Ayaresa ahorow bi hwehwɛ sɛ wode nnuru di dwuma wɔ wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wo thyroid hormone dodow akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata.

Nanso sɛ wɔannya thyroid a ɛboro so a Graves yare de ba no yare a, ebetumi ayɛ kɛse bere kɔ so na ɛde nsɛnnennen te sɛ Graves aniwa mu yare aba. Sɛ wowɔ Graves yareɛ a, bisa wo duruyɛfoɔ sɛdeɛ wobɛdi ho dwuma yie.

Sɛ wɔansa wɔn yare a, dɛn na ɛba? So ɛyɛ hu?

Sɛ wɔansa anaasɛ wɔansa no yiye a, hyperthyroidism betumi de nsɛnnennen ahorow aba. Ebi ne:

• Atrial fibrillation (Afib) (koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ) .
• Koma a ɛyɛ den (komayare) .
• Awo a wontumi nwo
• `Ischemic stroke` (akisikuru) .
• Osteoporosis (nnompe a ɛyɛ teateaa) .

Ɔhaw a ɛntaa nsi nanso ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu wɔ hyperthyroidism mu ne thyroid ahum (a wɔsan frɛ no thyroid ahokyere anaa thyrotoxic ahokyere). Eyi ne bere a wo thyroid gland no ma thyroid hormone pii kɔ wo mogya mu wɔ bere tiaa bi mu. Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Hyperthyroidism a wɔansa anaasɛ wɔansa no yiye no betumi ama thyroid ahum aba. Tebea horow a ɛhaw adwene te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa, opira, ne oprehyɛn betumi ama ayɛ kɛse.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ hyperthyroidism ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wo tebea no na wɔma wo ayaresa a ɛho hia.

Sɛ wunim dedaw sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ wo nya ``thyroid ahum'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini a ano yɛ den ne koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm yiye a, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

So tebea yi bɛma obi mu duru ayɛ kɛse?

Mpɛn pii no, hyperthyroidism mma obi mu duru nkɔ soro. Nokwarem no, nnipa binom mu duru so tew ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔn akɔnnɔ pa de. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ hyperthyroidism ma wo nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no yɛ kɛse, na ɛma ɛde calories pii di dwuma sen sɛnea ɛte daa de nya ahoɔden.

Hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone a ɛba fam) betumi ama nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no so atew na ne mu duru akɔ soro.

So hyperthyroidism betumi aba bere a wɔyem no?

Yiw, saa tebea yi betumi aba bere a wɔyem. Wɔ nyinsɛn no mfiase no, ɛsɛ sɛ wo nipadua no yɛ thyroid hormone pii sen sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ na ama wo ba no anyin. Thyroid hormone dodow a ɛkɔ soro kakra sen sɛnea ɛte daa no nyɛ ɔhaw, nanso sɛ dodow no dɔɔso yiye a, ebehia sɛ wo duruyɛfo yɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe. Efisɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko na thyroid hormone dodow a ɛkɔ soro no betumi aka, na mmom wo ba no nso.

Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu hyperthyroidism bere a wɔyem, efisɛ wobetumi akata tebea no so denam thyroid hormone dodow a ɛkɔ soro fi awosu mu ne nyinsɛn ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo so.

Sɛ wowɔ hyperthyroidism a, nnuan bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati?

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, nnuan a iodine pii wom dodo anaasɛ wɔde iodine aka ho a, ebetumi ama obi anya hyperthyroidism anaasɛ ama tebea bi a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no asɛe kɛse.

Sɛ wowɔ hyperthyroidism a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ yɛ nsakrae bi wɔ w’aduan mu. Bere nyinaa kɔ oduruyɛfo anaa aduan ho ɔbenfo a wɔakyerɛw ne din ansa na woayɛ nsakrae kɛse biara wɔ w’aduan mu. Kae sɛ wontumi mfa aduan nkutoo nsa thyroidism a ɛboro so. Ɛda adi sɛ wubehia ayaresa.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wunni aduan a iodine nnim a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkwati saa nnuan yi:

• Nsunam
• Po mu nwura (`(Po mu nwura)` ne `(Kelp)`) .
• Krak ne ɔkɔre
• Sushi a wɔde yɛ adwuma
• Mɔnkɔ
• Algae ne alginate a wɔfrɛ no alginate
• Nufusu mu nneɛma te sɛ nufusu ne kyiisi
• Nkwaa a wɔayam
• Nkyene a wɔde iod ayɛ

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ woayɛ basaa kakra bere a wɔahu sɛ woanya yare foforo no. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ hyperthyroidism yɛ tebea a wotumi sa. Sɛ worehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ wo nipadua no yɛ adwuma boro so, wo ho yeraw wo, anaasɛ worehyia ɔhaw sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den na wakamfo ayaresa a ɛfata a ɛbɛboa wo nipadua no ma asan akari pɛ. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wubetumi akɔ so anya apɔwmuden!