So wunim w’aniwa fã a ɛwɔ kɔla? Momma yɛnka iris ho asɛm!

So woahwɛ w’ani wɔ ahwehwɛ mu pɛn? Afei wohu sɛ kurukuruwa tuntum ketewa a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfinimfini no, wɔfrɛ no "black ring". Ɔfã a ɛwɔ kɔla a atwa saa mpɛtea tuntum no ho ahyia no ne iris a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no. Ebinom wɔ no bruu, ebinom wɔ no bruu, ebinom wɔ no grey, ebinom wɔ no green... Kɔla ahorow nyinaa wɔ hɔ. So ɛnyɛ fɛ yiye? Enti saa ɔfã a ɛwɔ kɔla yi nyɛ fɛ kɛkɛ, ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia yiye ma yɛn aniwa.

Dɛn ankasa na ɛto aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla, aniwa no?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’aniwa no yɛ w’aniwa no afã atitiriw a ɛboa ma wuhu ade no mu biako. Ne titiriw no, hann dodow a ɛkɔ w’ani no mu no, ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ saa aniwa yi mu no na ɛhwɛ so . Wunim, ntini a ɛwɔ saa iris yi mu, wɔ hann a ɛwɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no ho mmuaema mu no, twetwe anaa ɛtrɛw ring tuntum a ɛwɔ w'ani mfinimfini, a yɛfrɛ no ``Osuani'' no. Te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwɛ ade no ara pɛ.

Wo de susuw eyi ho hwɛ. Wopue da a owia bɔ kɛse. Mpofirim ara w’ani te sɛ bruu, ɛnte saa? Saa bere no, w’aniwa no yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm, na ɛma w’aniwa no yɛ ketewaa. Afei hann dodow a ɛkɔ w’ani so no so tew. Sɛ wosan kɔ baabi a sunsuma wɔ, anaasɛ wokɔ dan mu mpo a, egye bere kakra ansa na nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu ada hɔ. Saa bere no, nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira na ɛba. Iris no ma iris no yɛ kɛse, na ɛde hann a ɛba fam no di dwuma yiye, na ɛma hann pii hyɛn w’ani so. Sɛ iris no trɛw saa kwan yi so a, yɛka sɛ `(ɛtrɛw)`, na sɛ ɛtwetwe a, yɛka sɛ `(contracts)`. Eyi nyinaa si a wunnim mpo, na ɛba ara kwa. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa?

Enti saa iris yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ ɔpon a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa a ɛhwɛ hann dodow a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu so. Ɛno nti na yetumi hu ade yiye wɔ hann ahorow mu no.

Ɛhe na ɔfã a ɛwɔ kɔla yi, iris, a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no wɔ?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ baabi pɔtee a iris no wɔ wɔ aniwa no mu. Fa w’ani sɛ ayɛyɛde. Sɛnea onion wɔ were pii no, saa ara na yɛn aniwa nso wɔ ntoatoaso pii. Iris no wɔ aniwa no akyi fã a ɛda adi kɛse no so , a ɛwɔ aniwa no ase , ne aniwa no mu ahwehwɛ no atifi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔfã a ɛwɔ kɔla yi wɔ aniwa no ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla, ``Iris``, no da adi? Dɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛ?

Sɛnea yɛn nyinaa nim no, iris yɛ yɛn aniwa no fã a ɛma ɛyɛ kɔla. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛyɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa. Abɔde mu aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no melanin dodow a wo nipadua no yɛ, ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi nso na ɛkyerɛ w’ani kɔla.Wunya saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi fi w’awofo hɔ. Ɛno nti na ɛtɔ da bi a abusua mufo wɔ aniwa kɔla koro, anaa kɔla ahorow. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, w’ani kɔla te sɛ wo nsateaa nkyerɛwee. Ɛyɛ soronko ma wo, na obiara nni wiase a n’ani kɔla yɛ pɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Enti wunim nea wɔde yɛ saa iris yi? Ntini ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔaka abom na ɛyɛ. Eyinom di osuani no kɛse so a wunsusuw ho mpo, kyerɛ sɛ, denam adeyɛ a ɛba ara kwa (paraasympathetically) so.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ebetumi aka aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (iris) no?

Aniwa tebea biara betumi aka aniwa no. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu atitiriw no bi:

• Aniridia: Eyi ne ahwehwɛ a enni hɔ koraa anaasɛ enni hɔ fã bi.
• Horner yare: Eyi yɛ tebea a efi nkɛntɛnso bi a ɛwɔ ntini ahorow no so, na ebetumi ama tɛkrɛma tuntum a ɛwɔ ɔfã biako no ayɛ den.
• Glaucoma: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛma nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no yɛ kɛse, na ɛma aniwa ntini no sɛe. Atiridiinini ahorow bi nso ka aniwa no.
• Albinism : Wɔ tebea yi mu no, nipadua no ntumi nyɛ melanin pii, enti aniwa no kɔla betumi ayɛ hare yiye, ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɛyɛ pink.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Eyi yɛ aniwa no ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mununkum, nanso wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, aniwa no nso betumi aka.
• Uveitis : Eyi yɛ uvea, a ɛyɛ aniwa no mu ntini a ɛyɛ hyew. Iris nso yɛ uvea yi fã.
• Waardenburg syndrome: Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea a ebetumi ama aniwa kɔla asesa (sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa abien a ɛsono ne kɔla), honam ani yɛ kɔla, ne aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Sɛ aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (iris) no sɛe a, dɛn na ɛba?

Aniwa no ho opira biara betumi asɛe aniwa no fã biara. Saa ara na aniwa no nso betumi asɛe wɔ akwanhyia mu. Nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ iris no so no gyina akwanhyia ko a esii so. Wobetumi de ahomegye ne ofie hwɛ asa opira nketenkete bi. Nanso, apirakuru a emu yɛ den bi betumi asɛe aniwa no kɛse na ama aniwa no ayera mpo. Enti, sɛ w’ani apira a, nsɛe bere nkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ.

Sɔhwɛ bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (Iris) no mu?

Sɛ wokɔ kɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa a, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo no nso bɛhwɛ w’aniwa. Wɔde afiri titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no slit lamp exam bedi dwuma de ahwɛ w’ani no mu yiye.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ tebea pɔtee bi anaasɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛ ɔhaw bi mu a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo bi. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu
• CT scan (kɔmputa so mfoninitwa afiri) .
• Ultrasound nhwehwɛmu
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) sɔhwɛ a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu

Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi betumi ama aniwa no mu afã horow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ.

Enti, yɛbɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ aniwa no fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (Iris) no yiye?

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ na ama w’aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne w’ani nyinaa anya apɔwmuden ni:

• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ ultraviolet (UV) ho 100% anaasɛ wɔakyerɛw so sɛ UV400 bere biara a wobɛkɔ owia mu. Eyi betumi atew aniwa a ɛsɛe no so kɛse.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so, sɛ́ ɛyɛ biribi ketewaa bi te sɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wosesa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ anaa biribi a anibere wom kɛse a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara a wontwɛn sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu bɛyɛ den.
• Sɛ mpofirim ara w’ani nhu ade yiye anaasɛ w’ani yɛ wo yaw kɛse a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Eyinom betumi ayɛ nneɛma a egye ntɛmpɛ.

So saa iris scanner ahorow yi betumi apira aniwa no?

Mprempren, akwan a wɔfa so hwehwɛ anim ne aniwa (Iris scanners) renya nkɔanim kɛse de bue nneɛma te sɛ fon ne kɔmputa, anaasɛ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow. Nea saa scanner ahorow yi yɛ ne sɛ ɛde infrared hann kakraa bi kɔ w’anim ne w’ani so de si onii ko a woyɛ so dua. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ de besi nnɛ kyerɛ no, adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ saa mfiri yi yɛ asiane anaasɛ epira w’ani. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho.

Enti, nkrasɛm a etwa to a wɔde kɔ fie:

W’aniwa fã a ɛwɔ kɔla, iris no, te sɛ wo nsateaa a ɛyɛ kɔla soronko no. Nanso ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛma wunya aniwa fɛfɛ kɛkɛ. Saa iris yi di dwuma titiriw wɔ boa a ɛboa ma wuhu ade yiye bere nyinaa ne mmeae nyinaa no mu. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛma aniwa ho oduruyɛfo ahwɛ w’ani daa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu nsakrae biara a aba w’ani so ansa na aba. Ɛno ansa na bere nyinaa yebetumi ahu wiase fɛfɛ yi yiye. So wote ase?

` Aniwa, iris, aniwa kɔla, cataract, anisoadehu, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa mu nyarewa