Dɛn ne Awotwaa no? Momma yɛnte ase yiye wɔ Nirogi Lanka ho!

So woasusuw awotwaa no ho pɛn—wo nipadua no fã ketewaa bi nanso ɛho hia ma ɛyɛ nwonwa? Ebia woate asɛmfua no afi wo duruyɛfo hɔ anaasɛ bere a worebɔ nkɔmmɔ afa Pap smears ho no. Nnipa pii nnim nea ɛyɛ yiye, enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den na emu da hɔ nka nea awotwaa no yɛ, dwuma titiriw a edi wɔ w’akwahosan mu, ne sɛnea wobɛma anya apɔwmuden, a Nirogi Lanka de brɛɛ wo no ho asɛm.

Dɛn ankasa ne awotwaa no?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo awotwaa no yɛ akwaa bi a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛte sɛ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ wo awotwaa no ase pɛɛ. Wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ “awotwaa kɔn,” na ɛhɔ na ne din fi. Ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ bridge a ɛka w’awotwaa no ne wo vaginal canal no bom. Ɛyɛ ɔkwan a nsu fa so fa wɔn ntam, na bere a wɔrewo no, edi dwuma titiriw wɔ ma akokoaa tumi fi awotwaa no mu kɔ awo kwan no mu. Nanso, awotwaa no nso ne baabi a nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a ɛnteɛ betumi aba, na ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ Pap smear daa no. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ma wo duruyɛfo hu nneɛma biara a ɛnkɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara ntɛm.

Hena na ɔwɔ awotwaa?

Mpɛn pii no, wɔn a wɔde wɔn ma sɛ mmea bere a wɔawo wɔn no wɔ awotwaa. Bio nso, ebia nnipa binom a wɔne wɔn ho da nso wɔ awotwaa.

Dɛn ne awotwaa no dwumadi titiriw?

Fa w’awotwaa no sɛ ɔpon a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Ɛhwɛ nea ɛkɔ awotwaa no mu ne nea efi mu ba no so na ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ ɔpon ano hwɛfo a ɔwɔ tumi a ɔyɛ nsakrae ma nyinsɛn ne awo yɛ mmerɛw. Susuw sɛnea wo awotwaa no ho hia no ho hwɛ:

• Brayɛ : Ɔsram biara, sɛ́ wo kyinhyia no fã no, brayɛ mu mogya fi w’awotwaa mu fa awotwaa no mu na efi adi kɔ ɔbea no awotwaa no mu.
• Nyinsɛn : Bere a obi renya nna mu kyɛfa no, awotwaa no ma mmadwoa fi ɔbea no awotwaa mu kɔ awotwaa no mu na awiei koraa no ɛkɔ awotwaa mu kɔ awotwaa mu ma ɛwo.
• Awo: Sɛnea wo awotwaa mu nsu a ɛkɔ so daa no di dwuma kɛse wɔ sɛnea wutumi nyinsɛn no mu. Bɛyɛ bere a ovulation , wo awotwaa no ma nsu a ɛyɛ tratraa na ɛnyɛ acid pii, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ mmadwoa bɛguare afa awotwaa no mu akɔdu nkesua no mu.
• Vaginal Delivery : Wo awotwaa no na ɛhwɛ ma akokoaa bi fi awotwaa no mu. Wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, wɔde “mucus plug” to ano. Sɛ awo fi ase a, saa plug yi tew, na awotwaa no yɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ teateaa, na ɛtrɛw (bue) ma akokoaa no tumi fa mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ saa ntrɛwmu yi so de ahwɛ sɛnea w’awo no rekɔ so.
• Ahobammɔ: Awotwaa no yɛ adwuma sɛ nipadua mu akwanside, na ɛmma nneɛma a ɛyɛ ananafo te sɛ tampon anaa diaphragms ntumi nkɔ awotwaa no mu.

Ɛhe na awotwaa no wɔ?

Wo awotwaa no yɛ w’awo nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw. Ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo no mu, bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 3 kosi 6 wɔ ɔbea awotwaa no mu. Wɔfrɛ awotwaa no fã a ɛpuepue kɔ ɔbea no awotwaa no atifi no sɛ ectocervix . Ɛwɔ akisikuru ne nsukorabea akyi, ne akyi berɛmo ne akyi berɛmo no anim.

Awotwaa no te sɛn na n’afã horow bɛn?

Asɛmfua “cervix” no fi Latin asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “kɔn” mu. Wɔayɛ no te sɛ cylinder anaa tube, na ɛka nipadua no akwaa atitiriw abien bom—te sɛ nea wo kɔn de wo ti bata wo honam ani no. Ɛtrɛw wɔ mfinimfini na ɛyɛ teateaa wɔ n’afã abien no nyinaa. Wo awotwaa no yɛ afã horow yi:

• Internal OS: Ɔkwan a ɛkɔ awotwaa no mu.
• Endocervical canal: Ɔkwan a ɛfiri Internal OS kɔ Ectocervix.
• Ectocervix: Ɔfã a ɛpuepue kɔ ɔbea awotwaa a ɛwɔ soro no mu.
• External OS: Bue a ɛkɔ ɔbea no awotwaa no mu.

Wɔfrɛ beae a endocervical canal no hyia ectocervix no Transformation Zone (TZ) . Ɛha na nkwammoaa mu nsakrae dodow no ara ba na nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ awotwaa mu yare anaa awotwaa mu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yiye.

Awotwaa no kɛse te dɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, awotwaa no tenten bɛyɛ nsateakwaa biako, ɛwom sɛ ɛsono ne kɛse wɔ onipa biara mu de. Ebetumi ayɛ kɛse kakra wɔ wɔn a wɔawo awo no mu. Mfe a obi adi wɔ awo mu nso nya kɛseyɛ so nkɛntɛnso bere a wɔde toto brayɛ akyi ho no. Bere a wɔrewo no, awotwaa no yɛ tiaa kɛse na ama awo no ayɛ mmerɛw.

So wubetumi de wo nsa aka wo awotwaa no?

Yiw, egyina baabi a wowɔ wɔ wo kyinhyia no mu so. Sɛ wode nsateaa bi hyɛ wo awotwaa mu a, awiei koraa no wubehyia biribi a ɛyɛ den a ɛte sɛ ɔpon—ɛno ne wo awotwaa. Ne gyinabea ne ne pintinn sesa gyina ovulation so. Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara na ɛkɔ soro sen biara bere a ovulation rekɔ so no.

Yɛsrɛ sɛ kae sɛ: Sɛ wohwehwɛ wo awotwaa mu a, bere nyinaa fa samina a emu nyɛ den ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew hohoro wo nsa yiye na amma mmoawa ankɔ mu na woamfa ɔyare mmoawa aba.

Dɛn na wɔde yɛ awotwaa no?

Ɛyɛ fibromuscular ntini a ɛyɛ den na nkwammoaa atitiriw abien na ɛkata so:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu: Eyinom na ɛhyɛ endocervical canal no mu.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ squamous: Eyinom na ɛhyehyɛ ectocervix ne vaginal canal.

Esiane sɛ Nsakrae Beae (TZ) ne baabi a nkwammoaa ahorow abien yi hyia nti, ɛyɛ beae a wo duruyɛfo no hwɛ so yiye bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Dɛn ne akwahosan tebea horow a ɛtaa ba a ɛfa awotwaa no ho?

Awotwaa mu akwahosan ho nsɛm a anibere wom pii ne Human Papillomavirus (HPV) wɔ abusuabɔ . Sɛ wuhu sɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ soronko, ɛyaw a ɛkɔ so, anaa mogya a ɛnkɔ so tu a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ akwahosan ho ɔbenfoɔ nkyɛn. Sɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi si ntɛm a, yɛsrɛ sɛ di 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ adwumayɛbea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so no ho nkɔmmɔ ntɛm ara. Awotwaa no yɛ w’awo nhyehyɛe no fã titiriw. Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ `HPV` yɛ ɔyare a ɛtaa ba wɔ nna mu (`STI`) a, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebetumi ama obi anya awotwaa mu kokoram. Tebea horow bi a ebetumi aka awotwaa no ni:

• Awotwaa mu Kokoram: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ awotwaa mu no nyin. Nea ɛde ba titiriw ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde ` HPV ` ba.
• Cervical Dysplasia: Saa tebea yi fa nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ ho, a wɔtaa frɛ no `Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)`. Ɛsan nso fi `HPV` titiriw. Bere a ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛyɛ kokoram no, sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi abɛyɛ awotwaa mu kokoram.
• Awotwaa mu yare : Eyi yɛ awotwaa no mu ɔfe, a ebetumi afi STIs te sɛ `chlamydia`, `gonorrhea`, `herpes`, anaa ` trichomoniasis ` mu aba. Ebetumi nso afi honam ani yare, akisikuru, anaa sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ akwan a wɔfa so siw nyinsɛn ano ho nso mu .
• Cervical polyps, fibroids, ne cysts: Eyinom taa yɛ nyin a ɛnyɛ hu anaasɛ kotoku a nsu ahyɛ mu ma. `Nabothian cysts` ne awotwaa mu akisikuru a ɛtaa ba.
• Cervical Ectropion: Eyi yɛ tebea a asiane biara nni ho a ntini mu nkwammoaa a efi awotwaa no mu no pue wɔ awotwaa no akyi.
• Awotwaa mu nsɛm a ɛba bere a wɔyem no:
• Cervical Insufficiency: Nyinsɛn mu haw a ɛma awotwaa no fi ase bue ntɛm. Eyi betumi ama nyinsɛn agu anaasɛ `awo a ɛba ntɛm`. Kan no na wonim no sɛ `awotwaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma`.
• Placenta Nsɛm a Wɔadi Kan:Eyi ba bere a `placenta` no kata awotwaa no ano fã bi anaa ne nyinaa so. Wɔ saa nsɛm yi mu no, wɔtaa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ `c-section`.
• Awotwaa mu Nyinsɛn: Nyinsɛn mu ɔhaw a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛkesua de ne ho hyɛ `endocervical canal` mu sen sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ awotwaa no fasu mu.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba wɔ awotwaa mu tebea horow ho?

Mpɛn pii no, awotwaa mu tebea horow no nkyerɛ akyi sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Sɛ nhwɛso no, `cervical dysplasia` ne awotwaa mu kokoram a ɛba mfiase no taa nni sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛda adi. Eyi nti na `Pap smears` a wɔyɛ no daa ho hia na ama wɔahu nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ ntɛm no. Nanso, sɛ wuhu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi a, ebia nea ɛka ho ne:

• Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ ɔbea no awotwaa mu a ɛnteɛ: Te sɛ mogya a ɛba bere a ɛkɔ brayɛ mu kɛse anaa mogya a ɛba wɔ bere ntam.
• Nsu a efi ɔbea no awotwaa mu: Nsu a ɛyɛ soronko a ebetumi ayɛ nsu, mogya, anaa hua a ɛnyɛ dɛ.
• Ɔbrɛ , adwenem naayɛ, anaasɛ atenka a ɛkɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so sɛ ne ho nyɛ no dɛ.
• Ɛyaw a ɛba bere a wɔreto nsu no.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ ɔhaw bi wɔ m’awotwaa mu?

Ebia w’ankasa worentumi nka. Mpɛn pii no, wohu saa tebea horow yi bere a wo duruyɛfo reyɛ `pelvic exam` anaa `Pap smear` nkutoo. Ntwɛn mma sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bɛda adi; fa nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa di kan.

Dɛn ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ de hu awotwaa no akwahosan?

`Pelvic exams` a wɔyɛ no daa ne `Pap smears` ne akwan a wɔtaa fa so hwɛ wo cervical akwahosan. Ɛdenam wo tebea so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Nneɛma a wɔtaa yɛ no bi ne:

• Pelvic Exam: Wo duruyɛfo de n’ani ne ne nsa hwehwɛ awotwaa no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia biribiara nni hɔ a ɛnteɛ anaa.
• Pap Smear: Wogye nkwammoaa bi fi w’awotwaa mu na wɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu kɔhwɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa a edi kan anaa kokoram aba anaa. `HPV` nhwehwɛmu di ɔkwan a ɛte saa ara akyi de hu sɛ mmoawa no wɔ hɔ.
• Colposcopy: Wo duruyɛfo de `microscope` (colposcope) titiriw bi di dwuma de hwehwɛ wo awotwaa mu ntini mu yiye. Sɛ wohu mmeae a ɛyɛ hu a, wobetumi ayɛ biopsy.
• Pelvic Imaging: Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mfoniniyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ `ultrasounds`, `MRIs`, anaa `CT scans` na ama woahu awotwaa no yiye.
• Biopsy: Woyi ntini ketewaa bi de yɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Nneɛma te sɛ `LEEP (Loop electrosurgical excision procedure)`, `conization (cone biopsy)`, ne `ECC (endocervical curettage)` yɛ akwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa awotwaa mu tebea horow?

Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi de `nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa` asa ɔyare mmoawa `cervicitis`. Akwan a wɔfa so hu yare te sɛ `LEEP` ne `cone biopsy` nso yɛ ayaresa efisɛ eyi ntini a nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaasɛ ansa na kokoram aba wom no fi hɔ. Ɛgyina wo tebea pɔtee so no, wo duruyɛfoɔ betumi de `cryotherapy` (freezing), `thermal` ablation, anaa anyinam ahoɔden afiri mu de ayi ntini a ɛnteɛ. Awotwaa mu kokoram ayaresa betumi ayɛ oprehyɛn, `mframa a wɔde sa yare`, `nnuru a wɔde sa yare`, `nnuru a wɔde si wɔn ani so ayaresa`, ne `nkwa a ɛko tia nyarewa`.

Asetra mu afotu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛbɛma w’awotwaa akɔ so ayɛ yiye

Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ akwaa ketewaa bi de, nanso wo awotwaa no di dwuma titiriw wɔ w’akwahosan nyinaa mu ne bere a wonyinsɛn no. Sɛ wudi adwumayɛfo afotu yi akyi a, wubetumi aboa ma woakura w’awotwaa akwahosan ne yiyedi mu wɔ Nirogi Lanka.

• Nya HPV aduru no: FDA apene nnuru abiɛsa a wɔde siw HPV ahorow a ɛde awotwaa mu kokoram ba ano: Gardasil®, Gardasil 9®, ne Cervarix®. Vaccine a wobɛma no yɛ akwan a etu mpɔn sen biara a wubetumi afa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so kɛse no mu biako.
• Kɔ so yɛ nea ɛne HPV ne awotwaa mu kokoram nhwehwɛmu hyia:Mpɛn pii no, aduruyɛ ho akwankyerɛ kamfo kyerɛ sɛ woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu a edi kan bere a woadi mfe 21, na afei wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu mfe abiɛsa biara wɔ wo mfe aduonu nyinaa mu. Sɛ wudi mfe 30 kosi 65 a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu ne HPV nhwehwɛmu nyinaa mfe anum biara. Yɛsrɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe a eye a wɔayɛ ama w’akwahosan ahiade pɔtee no ho.
• Fa nna a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma: Fa kɔndɔm anaa sẽ a wɔde hyɛ wo sẽ mu di dwuma bere nyinaa bere a wode wo ho hyɛ ɔbea awotwaa mu, akyi berɛmo mu, anaa anom nna mu. Kwati sɛ wobɛkyɛ nna ho agode na bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛto wɔn a wo ne wɔn bɛda no dodow ano hye. Saa anammɔn yi boa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya STI te sɛ HPV a wonim sɛ ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so tew.
• Kwati tawa nneɛma: Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wonom sigaret anaa wode tawa nneɛma di dwuma a, ɛyɛ den ma wo nipadua sɛ ɛbɛko atia HPV yare bi, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ mmoawa no bɛkɔ so abɛyɛ kokoram.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie a efi Nirogi Lanka hɔ

Ebia wo awotwaa no sua, nanso edi dwuma titiriw wɔ w’awo akwahosan ne wo yiyedi nyinaa mu. Bɔ wo awotwaa ho ban denam wo HPV vaccinations ne Pap nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa a wobɛkɔ so ahu no so. Mpɛn pii no, wo nipadua renkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne anaa sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ awotwaa mu nsakrae a ɛnteɛ. Ɛdenam wo duruyɛfo a wobɛkɔ so ayɛ nea ɛne wo nhwehwɛmu ahorow no hyia so no, obetumi ahu nsɛm biara ntɛm bere a wobetumi asa no yiye no. Yɛsrɛ sɛ fa w’akwahosan nyɛ ade titiriw na ntwa bere a ɛho hia yi so.