So woasusuw ho pɛn sɛ ebia yɛn nipadua rema mogya foforo bere nyinaa anaa? Yiw, ɛyɛ nokware. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no hematopoiesis. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa a yɛn nipadua nam so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa, anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa. Te sɛ nea yeyi kar dedaw bi fi hɔ na yɛtɔ foforo koraa no, yɛn nipadua no reyi mogya mu nkwammoaa dedaw afi hɔ bere nyinaa na ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo a ɛyɛ foforo de asi ananmu. Eyi ne ɔkwan a yɛn nipadua no fa so kɔ so nya mogya bere nyinaa. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Saa adeyɛ yi fi ase ansa na wɔawo yɛn mpo na ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn asetra nyinaa mu.
Dɛn ne mogya a ɛma mogya tu? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...
Okay, ma yɛnhwɛ nea asɛmfua Hematopoiesis yi kyerɛ. Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ nwonwa de, nanso nea ɛkyerɛ no yɛ mmerɛw koraa. Saa asɛmfua yi fi nsɛmfua abien a efi Hela kasa mu a wɔaka abom mu.
- 'Haîma' (Haima): Wei kyer3 'mogya' anaase ' mogya '.
- Anwensɛm (anwensɛm): Wei kyerɛ sɛ ‘wɔyɛ biribi’ anaa ‘wɔyɛ’.
Afei sɛ wɔka nsɛmfua abien yi bom a,
‘mogya a wɔhyehyɛ’ anaa
‘mogya a wɔyɛ’ ho adwene no ba. Ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ yɛbɛte ase, ɛnte saa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔsan frɛ adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no
hematopoiesis yi hemopoiesis, hematogenesis, anaa hemogenesis. Saa nsɛmfua yi nyinaa kyerɛ ade koro.
Mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow bɛn na hematopoiesis na ɛyɛ?
Ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa koro na ɛka bom yɛ yɛn mogya. Sɛnea aduan ahorow te sɛ aburow, atoko, ne mpataa wɔ aduan mu no, saa ara na nkwammoaa ahorow ahorow nso wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Wɔnam mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow yi nyinaa so na
ɛba . Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (Erythrocytes) .
Eyinom ne nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ yɛn mogya mu. So wunim sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ adwuma titiriw ne
sɛ ɛde mframa pa a ɛkɔ ahurututu mu bere a yɛhome kɔ akwaa ne ntini afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu no nyinaa. Saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ oxygen a wɔde gu mu. Afei nso, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi boa ma carbon dioxide a yɛmpɛ a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu no san ba ahurututu no mu na sɛ yɛrehome a, ɛma efi mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no
erythropoiesis .
Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (Leukocytes) .
Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa te sɛ awɛmfo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Te sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ɔman bi ho ban no, saa nkwammoaa yi
bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho denam mmoawa te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a wɔko tia so. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi nso boa ma wɔsɛe nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ a enyin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa. Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no
Leukopoiesis a ɛma mogya tu. Ɛnyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa biako pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ, na mmom ahorow atitiriw pii: Eyinom mu no, neutrophils, basophils, ne eosinophils wɔ dwumadi ahorow a ɛte saa ara, enti wɔka bom frɛ wɔn granulocytes . Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa (anaasɛ Thrombocytes) .
Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa te sɛ nnuruyɛfo nkumaa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ wunya kuru ketewaa bi na wufi ase mogya tu a, saa mogya nkwammoaa yi boa ma mogya no gyae. Eyinom yɛ nkwammoaa asinasin nketenkete a ɛyɛ nnam. Wɔboaboa wɔn ho ano wɔ baabi a kuru no wɔ no, wɔyɛ akisikuru, na wɔsɔ kuru no ano. Ɛte sɛ nea wode plaster ahyɛ mu. Eyi nti na mogya ntu mfi yɛn nipadua mu a ɛho nhia no. Wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no thrombopoiesis . Ɛhe na mogya a wɔhyehyɛ yi kɔ so?
Asɛmmisa a ɛho hia paa! Saa adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔfrɛ no hematopoiesis yi ba titiriw wɔ yɛn nnompe mu fã bi a ɛte sɛ spongy mu. Yɛfrɛ eyi nnompe mu ntini. So woahu ɔfã kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ dompe no mu bere a wudi akokɔ no? Saa na nnompe mu ntini yi te. Wɔfrɛ mogya a ɛba saa kwan yi so wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu no medullary hematopoiesis . Afei mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔhyehyɛ saa kwan yi so no fa yɛn mogya ntini mu fa yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, titiriw wɔ yare tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ mogya wɔ yɛn nipadua no afã afoforo de aka nnompe mu ntini ho, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ akwaa ahorow te sɛ mmerɛbo ne akyi berɛmo mu . Wɔfrɛ mogya a ɛba nnompe mu ntini no akyi wɔ saa kwan yi so no extramedullary hematopoiesis . Nsakrae kakra wɔ baabi a mogya yi hyehyɛ, ansa na wɔawo yɛn ne bere a wɔawo yɛn akyi nyinaa. Ansa na wɔrewo
Saa mogya yi fi ase ba bere a yɛda so ara wɔ yɛn maame yafunu mu, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ awotwaa.- Nea edi kan no, wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 3 a edi kan no mu no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ bi fi ase yɛ wɔ nhyehyɛe bi a atwa awotwaa no ho ahyia a wɔfrɛ no yolk sac . Eyinom nnyinii kakra te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a yɛyɛ bere a yɛanyinyin no.
- Afei, bɛyɛ asram 2-3 wɔ nyinsɛn no mu no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne mogya nkwammoaa fi ase yɛ wɔ mmerɛbo ne akyi berɛmo mu. Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa na ɛba mmerɛbo, akyi berɛmo, ne thymus ntini mu.
- Edu nyinsɛn no ɔsram a ɛto so anum no, mogya a ɛba no fã kɛse no ara kɔ nnompe mu. Nanso, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow bi nso yɛ thymus ntini, akyi berɛmo, ne ntini afoforo a ɛma mogya tu no mu.
Wɔawo akyi
Wɔawo yɛn akyi, efi mmofraase kosi mpanyin afe so no, yɛn mogya a yɛyɛ no fã kɛse no ara kɔ so wɔ nnompe mu. Nanso, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no lymphocytes nso nyin wɔ yɛn thymus gland no mu. Nanso, sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ yare tebea horow bi mu no, sɛ nnompe mu ntini no ntumi nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa yiye a, yɛn nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛsan ayɛ mogya wɔ mmeae a wɔyɛɛ mogya ansa na wɔrewo, te sɛ mmerɛbo, akyi berɛmo, anaa ntini a ɛma mogya tu no. Eyi te sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu. Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ mogya a ɛma mogya tu no ba?
Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den yiye, nanso ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe yiye. Susuw sɛnea wobetumi afi ntini mu nkwammoaa biako mu ayɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow pii no ho hwɛ! Mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow yi nyinaa wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ biako, a efi ase. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu (HSC) . Eyi te sɛ "master cell." Saa HSC nkwammoaa yi di kan nyin bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan anaasɛ "blast" nkwammoaa . Saa nkwammoaa a edi kan yi yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛrekɔ so abɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa pɔtee bi, nanso ennya nnyinii koraa. Afei saa nkwammoaa a edi kan yi fa nkwammoaa mu mpaapaemu pii bio na ɛsakra ansa na abɛyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a anyin koraa na ɛyɛ adwuma. Hematopoiesis afã atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ, a egyina sɛnea wɔhyehyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no so:- Erythropoiesis: Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a wɔyɛ.
- Leukopoiesis: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a wɔyɛ.
- Thrombopoiesis: Ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu.
Nsakrae yi nyinaa akyi no, saa mfitiase ntini mu nkwammoaa (HSC) no bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko kɛse. Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwere ntini mu nkwammoaa su na enya mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa su. Erythropoiesis (Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba) .
Wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ yɛn nnompe mu. Mogya mu nkwammoaa titiriw (HSC) no di kan bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan a wɔfrɛ no erythroblast . Afei saa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi bɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii a wɔfrɛ no reticulocyte . Awiei koraa no, saa reticulocyte yi bɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a anyin koraa na ɛyɛ adwuma. Sɛnea wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (Leukopoiesis) .
Ɛnyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa nyinaa na wɔbɔɔ no ɔkwan koro so. Granulocytes a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no - kyerɛ sɛ, basophils, eosinophils, ne neutrophils - na wɔbɔ no wɔ ɔkwan soronko kakra so sen monocytes ne lymphocytes. Sɛnea wɔhyehyɛ granulocytes
Wɔyɛ granulocyte ahorow abiɛsa no nyinaa wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa titiriw (HSC) kɔ so yɛ wɔn a, ɛnam ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no myeloid cell line so nyin . Asɛmfua "myeloid" kyerɛ sɛ "ɛne nnompe mu ntini wɔ abusuabɔ." Enti, wɔtoo saa nkwammoaa yi din efisɛ wɔyɛ wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔayɛ granulocyte no, HSC nkwammoaa no di kan bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan a wɔfrɛ no myeloblast . Afei saa myeloblast yi bɛyɛ myelocyte , a awiei koraa no ɛyɛ soronko ma ɛbɛyɛ basophil, eosinophil, anaa neutrophil. Sɛnea wɔhyehyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ mononuclear
Wɔyɛ monocytes wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu. Lymphocytes - kyerɛ sɛ, B-cells, T-cells ne abɔdeɛ mu killer cells - na wɔyɛ wɔ nnompe mu ntini ne lymphoid ntini foforɔ te sɛ thymus gland mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔhyehyɛ lymphocytes wɔ nnompe mu ntini no mu wɔ wɔn mmofraase pɛɛ, na afei wotu kɔ thymus ntini no mu, na ɛhɔ nyin bɛyɛ T-nkwaboaa.- Monocytes nam myeloid cell line so na ɛba : Esiane sɛ wɔhyehyɛ nso wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu nti, edi kan nyin bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan a wɔfrɛ no monoblast , na ɛno akyi nkutoo na ɛbɛyɛ monocytes a anyin koraa.
- Lymphocytes nyin wɔ lymphoid cell line no so: efisɛ wɔyɛ wɔ lymphoid ntini ahorow te sɛ nnompe mu ntini ne thymus gland mu. Enti, HSC nkwammoaa a ɛbɛyɛ lymphocytes no nyin bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan a wɔfrɛ no lymphoblasts . Eyinom ne nea awiei koraa no ɛyɛ soronko ma ɛbɛyɛ T-nkwaboaa, B-nkwaboaa, anaa abɔde mu nkwammoaa a edi awu.
Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu (Thrombopoiesis) .
Ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no nso kɔ so wɔ nnompe mu ntini mu. Ɛha yi, mogya mu nkwammoaa titiriw (HSC) di kan nyin bɛyɛ nkwammoaa a edi kan a wɔfrɛ no megakaryoblast . Afei saa megakaryoblast yi nyin bɛyɛ nkwammoaa kɛse bi a wɔfrɛ no megakaryocyte . Awiei koraa no, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no ba bere a megakaryocyte yi afã horow sɛe no. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Bere tenten ahe na saa mogya a ɛma mogya tu yi gye?
Nokwarem no, sɛnea mogya mu nkwammoaa yɛ ntɛmntɛm no gyina wo nipadua ahiade so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woyare a, wo nipadua no ma mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛde ko tia mmoawa no yɛ kɛse. Mpɛn pii no, mogya a ɛma mogya tu no kɔ so bere nyinaa, efisɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa nso wɔ nkwa nna pɔtee bi. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa biako wu a, nipadua a ɛte apɔw yɛ foforo de si ananmu. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, mogya mu nkwammoaa nkwa nna te sɛ nea edidi so yi:- Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ: Ɛtra ase bɛyɛ nnafua 120.
- Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa: Ɛtra ase nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi kosi nna kakraa bi.
- Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa: Ɛtra ase nnafua 5 kosi 9.
Enti, yɛn nipadua no reyi nkwammoaa dedaw yi afi hɔ bere nyinaa na ɛrekɔ so ayɛ foforo.
Na sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hematopoiesis nhyehyɛe no mu nso ɛ?
Yɛn nipadua no ho akokwaw yiye wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa yi a wɔyɛ no so, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ yɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛfata pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nanso, aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi betumi asɛe mogya a ɛma mogya tu yi. Eyi betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa kakraa bi na wɔayɛ anaasɛ ɛdɔɔso dodo. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sesa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ saa kwan yi so a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne ayaresa tebea horow betumi aba.- Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ho:
- Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow so tew a, wɔfrɛ no mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu . Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ na woayɛ mmerɛw esiane sɛ wo nipadua no mu ntini nnya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso nti.
- Wɔfrɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛkɔ soro no erythrocytosis . Wɔ tebea horow a emu nyɛ den mu no, eyi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a ɛnyɛ dɛ aba. Nanso, wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛkɔ soro no betumi ama mogya no ayɛ den, na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya komayare anaa akisikuru no ayɛ kɛse.
- Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ho:
- Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow so tew a, wɔfrɛ no leukopenia . Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa no yɛ kɛse.
- Wɔfrɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro no leukocytosis . Mpɛn pii no, eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro yiye no betumi ayɛ mogya mu yare anaa kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
- Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu ho:
- Wɔfrɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam thrombocytopenia . Saa tebea yi betumi ama mogya atɔ wo ntɛmntɛm na ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛpirapira.
- Sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow kɔ soro a, wɔfrɛ no thrombocytosis . Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya mogya a ɛbɛtɔ denneennen no yɛ kɛse.
Tebea horow bɛn na esiw mogya a wɔde yɛ adwuma no kwan?
Nneɛma ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi asiw mogya a wɔde yɛ adwuma no kwan. Eyinom bi betumi anya nkɛntɛnso a emu nyɛ den, bere a afoforo nso betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a yɛrenyin no, srade betumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ yɛn nnompe mu, na ɛma tumi a yɛde yɛ mogya no so tew. Nyarewa a efi mogya mu ne mogya mu kokoram , te sɛ mogya mu kokoram, lymphoma, ne myeloma nso betumi asiw mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ no kwan. Saa nyarewa yi ma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a ɛyare no dɔɔso dodo. Ade foforo nso ne sɛ nnuru bi betumi asiw mogya a ɛma mogya tu no kwan, na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow so tew. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram a wɔde sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa no betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow so atew. Wɔfrɛ eyi neutropenia . Enti, nnuru bi nso betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa so atew sɛ nea efi mu ba. Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie firi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .
Okay, enti afei wote aseɛ sɛ saa mogya a ɛma mogya tu yi, mogya a ɛba a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no yɛ biribi a ɛkɔ so daa, biribi a ɛho hia ma yɛn apɔwmuden asetena ne nkwagyeɛ. Saa mogya a ɛkɔ so daa yi ho hia yiye na ama mframa pa akɔ yɛn nipadua mu ntini ahorow mu na abɔ yɛn ho ban afi nyarewa ho. Kae sɛ saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so kɛse wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu. Nneɛma pii a ɛka yɛn akwahosan nso betumi aka mogya a yɛyɛ yi.
Enti, yɛn akwahosan nyinaa a yɛbɛkɔ so akura mu denam aduan a ɛkari pɛ a yebedi, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ne nnuruyɛfo afotu a yebedi akyi no bɛboa ma mogya a ɛma mogya tu a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi akɔ so yiye. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, nsuro da sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.
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