So ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu wo yare no? Momma yɛnka Nnuruyɛfo a Wɔde Nyarewa a Wɔde Kɔ Nnipa Mu ho asɛm!

Yenya nyarewa ahorow wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu, ɛnte saa? Wɔn mu binom ho tɔ wɔn wɔ nnansa anaa nnansa mu. Nanso nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa. Ɛno ne bere a yehia nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ adwumaden mmoa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka nnuruyɛfo a wɔyɛ adwumaden kuw bi ho asɛm. Ɛno ne nnuruyɛfoɔ a wɔde yareɛ ba, anaa sɛdeɛ yɛka wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no, `( infectious disease doctors)` anaa `(ID Doctors)`.

Hena ne nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a wanya ntetee titiriw wɔ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho. Wɔte sɛ ahwehwɛfo a wɔhwehwɛ abɔde nketenkete a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu. Wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ sɛnea wobehu nea yare no yɛ ankasa na wɔde ayaresa a ɛfata ama no mu.

Enti, dɛn ne yare a wɔde yare mmoawa ba?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba yi yɛ. Yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba yɛ yare a mmoawa nketenkete a wopira a wɔhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu na ɛde ba. Saa mmoawa nketenkete yi sua koraa, na wɔyɛ nketewa dodo sɛ wɔde aniwa betumi ahu. Eyi fi:

• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba
• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba
• Nwansena
• Nwansena a wɔsɛe nnɔbae

Saa abɔde a nkwa wom yi atwa yɛn ho ahyia. Susuw ho hwɛ, wobetumi ayɛ yɛn honam ani, mframa a yɛhome, nsu a yɛnom, aduan a yedi mu. Nanso mpɛn pii no, yɛne saa abɔde a nkwa wom yi bi tra a ɔhaw biara nni ho. Wɔmfa ɔhaw biara mma yɛn. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mmoawa nketenkete yi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu, sɛe yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa, na ɛde nyarewa ahorow ba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nyarewa yi tumi yɛ nketenkete paa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a, ebetumi ayɛ den araa ma ɛde nkwa to asiane mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba yi trɛw?

Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba betumi atrɛw wɔ akwan horow so.

• Efi onipa so kɔ onipa foforo so: Nyarewa te sɛ atiridiinini ne atiridii trɛw fa mframa mu bere a obi fefe anaa ɔfe. Nyarewa bi nso tumi trɛw denam nsa a wɔde ka obi so.
• Efi aduan anaa nsu a ɛho agu fĩ mu: Mmoawa ne mmoawa bi betumi afi aduan anaa nsu a ɛho agu fĩ mu akɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Salmonella yare mmoawa.
• Efi dɔte mu: Nkwammoaa nketenkete bi te asase mu. Eyinom tumi fa kuru bi mu hyɛn nipadua no mu.
• Efi nkoekoemmoa ne mmoa mu: Nyarewa betumi afi mmoa te sɛ nwansena, nwansena, ne nwansena mu. Mmoa binom nso tumi de nyarewa ba denam wɔn a wɔka wɔn anaa wɔn a wɔkyere wɔn ho so.

Saa nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba yi betumi aka yɛn honam ani, yɛn nsu, ahurututu, mogya, ne yɛn nipadua no fã biara ankasa. Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba abu so kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nanso ebinom abu so sen afoforo. Ebia woate atiridii, akisikuru, atiridiinini, strep throat, ne COVID-19 ho asɛm.

So yehia oduruyɛfo titiriw yi wɔ yare ketewaa biara ho?

Dabi, ɛno ho nhia. Ɛho nhia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba so bere nyinaa bere a wowɔ atiridii anaa atiridiinini a emu nyɛ den no. W’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ ayarefo nyinaa betumi asa nyarewa nketenkete yi.

Enti bere bɛn na wohia oduruyɛfo titiriw yi? Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho ɔbenfo ho hia na wasa ɔyare mmoawa a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu, ɛyɛ den, emu yɛ den, anaa ɛtra hɔ kyɛ (nea enni sabea) na wadi ho dwuma.

Fa no sɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a oduruyɛfo ntumi nhu nea yare no yɛ ankasa. Anaasɛ aduru a wɔde ma no mmoa. Ɛno ne bere a nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi boa. Wɔte sɛ detectives a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu nea ɛde yare no ba no ntini. Wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu nea ɛde yare no ba denam w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ne nea efii lab mu nsɛm nketenkete biara a wɔbɛhwɛ so.

Enti, dɛn ankasa na ɔyaresafo a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho ɔbenfo yɛ?

Nyarewa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a emu yɛ den ne nea enni sabea a mmoawa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae, ne prions de ba no a wohu, wɔhwɛ so, na wɔsa wɔn yare mu.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔn nkutoo nyɛ adwuma. Wɔne nnuruyɛfo ne animdefo afoforo yɛ adwuma de hu yare no na wɔyɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wontumi nhu nea ɛde yare bi ba a, wɔhwehwɛ mmoa fi saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw yi hɔ.

Afei nso, saa nnuruyɛfo yi de nnɔnhwerew pii yɛ nhwehwɛmu, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu sɛnea saa mmoawa yi ka yɛn nipadua no afã horow, ne sɛnea saa mmoawa yi ka yɛn manfo. Wonya nhumu nso wɔ nneɛma afoforo yi ho:

• Nyarewa a ɛyɛ foforo anaasɛ ɛsakra bere a bere kɔ so no.
• Nyarewa trɛwee, titiriw denam amanaman ntam akwantu so.
• Wɔyɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, ne nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ho nhwehwɛmu kɔ akyiri.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ ID oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo foforo a ɔhwɛ wo yare no de wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba so (ID Oduruyɛfo). Eyi te saa efisɛ wohia mmoa foforo na ama wɔahu wo yare no na wɔasa. Ebia ɔyare mmoawa no yɛ soronko koraa, emu yɛ den, ɛwɔ hɔ bere tenten, anaasɛ wonhuu bi.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia honam ani yare ho oduruyɛfo bɛhwehwɛ mmoa afi oduruyɛfo a ɔde ne ho ahyɛ ne ho nkyɛn wɔ honam ani yare bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a onnim ho. Saa ara na ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo betumi ahwehwɛ mmoa afi wɔn hɔ ma wahu nea ɛde ahurututu mu yare a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa no ba.

Akwan bi a ID nnuruyɛfo fa so boa nnuruyɛfo afoforo:

• Nyarewa anaa mmoawa a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu, a ɛyɛ den a wobehu.
• Nkwammoaa ketewaa pɔtee a ɛde obi nya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ba a wobehu.
• Lab nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ te sɛ mogya adwuma a wɔhwehwɛ mu, na wɔde nsɛm a wɔde ba awiei.
• Nyarewa a nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ntumi nsa (kyerɛ sɛ, nsɛm a yare no ntumi nkɔ yiye denam nnuru a wɔtaa de ma no so).
• Nea ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ atiridiinini kɛse a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro ba a wobehu.
• Ɔhwɛ a ɛkyɛ, a ɛyɛ soronko a wɔde bɛma wɔ nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ HIV/AIDS anaa Hepatitis ho.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtew ɔyare mmoawa so wɔ akwahosan ho mmeae te sɛ ayaresabea ahorow no, yɛtu fo sɛ wɔnyɛ akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ne nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ho, nkyerɛ nnuru ahorow a wɔde kum mmoawa a wɔde bedi dwuma, ne nnwinnade ahorow a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban (PPE) a wɔde bedi dwuma.

Tebea horow a ID nnuruyɛfo sa no bi ne dɛn?

Nyarewa ahorow a wɔde yare mmoawa ba du du pii wɔ wiase. Tebea horow a ɛtaa ba a ɔyare mmoawa ho ɔbenfo sa no bi ni:

• Clostridium difficile (C. diff) yareɛ (eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma yafunu yɛ yaw na ɛma obi nya akisikuru) .
• E. coli yare mmoawa (eyi nso yɛ mmoawa a wɔde aduan mu awuduru ba) .
• Atiridii a wonnim nea ɛde ba
• Hepatitis (yare mmoawa a ɛka mmerɛbo) .
• `HIV/AIDS`
• Leukocytosis (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛkɔ soro) .
• Lyme yare ne nyarewa afoforo a ntontom de ba
• Akisikuru
• Meningococcal yare (ɔyare a emu yɛ den a ɛte sɛ meningitis) .
• Mpox `(Mpox)`
• Mumps a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew
• Rubella na ɔkyerɛwee
• Nyarewa a Wɔde Nya Nna mu Nyarewa (STIs) .
• Streptococcal yareɛ (menewa mu yareɛ, honam ani yareɛ, ne nea ɛkeka ho) .
• Nsanyare (TB) .
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ hu (Pertussis) .

Saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nyɛ nea edi mũ, nanso eyinom ne tebea horow a wɔtaa hu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a wokɔ ID oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo bi a ɔhwɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba so nkyɛn a, wobedi kan ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Afei wobebisa wo w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa ho asɛm. Ebia wobebisa wo nsɛm pii afa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nnuru a wonom, ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ho.Nsɛmmisa a ɛfa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho no bi ne nneɛma te sɛ mmoa ko a wowɔ wɔ fie, sɛ ebia woatu kwan akɔ amannɔne, sɛ ebia wode bere pii kɔ abɔnten, anaa sɛ ebia wode nnuru yɛ adwuma. Saa nsɛm yi nyinaa ho hia ma wɔn na wɔatumi ahu yare no.

Afei, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi te sɛ eyinom na aboa ma wɔahu tebea no:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu
• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
• Nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu mu nhwɛsode
• Nsu a wɔde hyɛ menewam
• Tissue biopsies (wɔfa honam ani fã ketewaa bi de yɛ nhwehwɛmu) .
• Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu te sɛ X-Ray, MRI, CT scans
• Akyi berɛmo mu tap / Lumbar puncture

Ɛyɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu ba na oduruyɛfo no betumi ahu nea ɛde wo yare no ba ankasa na wafi ayaresa a eye sen biara ase.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na obi bɛyɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba?

Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho ɔbenfo a wobɛyɛ no nyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛsɛ sɛ wonya aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa a ɛho hia te sɛ nnuruyɛfo afoforo. Nanso nea ɛka ho no, wɔde mfe pii sua nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho ade (yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ho adesua) ne ɔyaredɔm ho adesua (nea wɔde nyarewa ba ne sɛnea ɛtrɛw ho nhwehwɛmu).

Wɔwɔ nimdeɛ pii wɔ sɛnea mmoawa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi ka yɛn nipadua, sɛnea wɔde nyarewa ba, ne sɛnea yebedi so no ho.

Nhomasua ne ntetee fã a wowie ma eyi ne:

• Abodin krataa titiriw bi.
• Mfe anan nhomasua wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu mu.
• Mfeɛ mmiɛnsa nteteeɛ a ɛfa residency ho wɔ Internal Medicine mu.
• Fellowship wɔ nyarewa a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba mu (mpɛn pii no mfe abien).
• Nnipa binom kɔ akyiri na wonya afe foforo ntetee titiriw wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi mu, te sɛ akwaa a wɔde si ananmu mu nyarewa.
• Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wunya board adansedi krataa.

Wubetumi ahu sɛnea eyi hwehwɛ ahosohyira kɛse.

Ɛhe na nnuruyɛfo yi yɛ adwuma?

Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ho abenfo yɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae ahorow.

• Nnipa binom de wɔn adwene si nhwehwɛmu so na wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔmanfo akwahosan ho adwumayɛbea ahorow te sɛ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a ɛwɔ United States no.
• Afoforo nso yɛ adwuma wɔ ayaresabea, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresabea anaa mpɔtam hɔ akwahosan asoɛe ahorow, na wohu ayarefo bere nyinaa.

Enti, sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa a, ebia w’abusua oduruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba nkyɛn. Wɔyɛ abenfo wɔ nyarewa a mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, ne mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae de ba no mu. Wɔne wo nnuruyɛfo afoforo bɛyɛ adwuma de adi wo tebea no ho dwuma na wɔaboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo ntɛmntɛm.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

• Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ ntetee soronko a ɔsa ɔyare mmoawa a ɛyɛ den, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu, anaa nea emu yɛ den.
• Ɛnyɛ yare nketenkete biara na ehia oduruyɛfo titiriw yi. W’abusua oduruyɛfo, Owura.Ebetumi aboa mpɛn pii.
• Sɛ wo duruyɛfo de wo kɔ ID ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo tebea no hwehwɛ sɛ wode w’adwene si so titiriw na wonya nimdeɛ. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.
• Saa nnuruyɛfo yi fi ayaresa ase bere a wɔatie wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm yiye, na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia no.
• Kae sɛ, sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw a ɔfata wɔ bere a ɛfata mu a, ebetumi ama wo ho atɔ wo ntɛmntɛm.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ho abenfo ho. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Nyarewa a ɛde ɔyare ba, ɔbenfo, ɔyare mmoawa, mmoawa, mmoawa, ayaresa, akwahosan