So yenim aniwa a wɔde hwɛ aniwa (IOL) ho asɛm ankasa?

So woate ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ho asɛm pɛn? Anaasɛ ebia worehwehwɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu wiase no yiye a wunni ahwehwɛ. Ebia w'ani duruyɛfoɔ aka `Intraocular Lenses` anaa `IOLs` ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛkasa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ adamfofa su so afa nea saa `IOLs` yi yɛ, henanom a wohia wɔn, ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ, sɛnea yɛbɛpaw nea ɛfata ama yɛn, ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi de aba ho.

Dɛn ne IOL ahorow? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia yɛn?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `IOL` anaa `Intraocular Lens` yɛ afiri a wɔde yɛ aniwa a ɛda adi pefee a wɔde ahyɛ w'ani mu, na ɛsesa w'aniwa abɔdeɛ aniwa. Susuw ho hwɛ, abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu no te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri `ahwehwɛ`. Bere kɔ so no, saa ahwehwɛ yi betumi ayɛ mununkum, a ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no `cataract` . Ɛno ne bere a wɔde `IOL` hyɛ mu de yi saa abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mununkum no fi hɔ, na ɛma wuhu ade pefee bio. Sɛnea woyɛ wɔ w'aniwa ahwehwɛ anaa `contact lenses` ho no, saa `IOL` ahwehwɛ yi betumi asiesie aniwa mu sintɔ ahorow. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Myopia (nearsightedness): Sɛ wuhu nneɛma yiye, nanso ɛte sɛ nea nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no yɛ nea wontumi nhu.
• Nhumu a ɛbɛn (Hyperopia anaa akyirikyiri): Sɛ wuhu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri yiye, nanso sɛ wuhu nneɛma a ɛbɛn, titiriw bere a worehwɛ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa a, ɛnyɛ nea emu da hɔ.
• Presbyopia (nhu a ɛbɛn) bere a yɛrenyin no: Ɛyɛ den ma nnipa pii sɛ wɔbɛkenkan nkyerɛwee nketewa bere a wɔadi mfe 40 akyi.
• Astigmatism: Eyi fi nsakrae a ɛba aniwa no nsusuwii mu, na ɛma hann bɔ pete mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛtwe adwene asi baabi biako, na ɛma wohu ade yiye .

Saa `IOL` ahwehwɛ yi yɛ nea wɔde ahyɛ aniwa no mu daa , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛkɔ so tra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa wɔ oprehyɛn akyi. Wobetumi ama w’aniwa atu mpɔn kɛse na atew sɛnea wode wo ho to ahwehwɛ so wɔ da biara da nnwuma ho no so kɛse. Wɔtaa de saa `IOL` ahwehwɛ yi hyɛ nipadua mu bere a wɔreyɛ ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn .

Hena na ohia IOL ahwehwɛ yi ankasa?

Wubetumi anya mfaso afi IOL ahorow mu sɛ wowɔ tebea horow yi bi a:

• Sɛ wowɔ ani a ɛyɛ wo yaw na wuntumi nhu ade yiye esiane ɛno nti a: Nokwarem no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnipa pii a wɔyɛ wɔn ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn hia IOL na ama wɔasan ahu ade bio.
• Sɛ wowɔ refractive errors afoforo, nanso wonyɛ ɔkannifo pa ma oprehyɛn afoforo a wɔde teɛteɛ w’ani te sɛ LASIK :Ɛtɔ da bi a, esiane tebea horow bi a ɛwɔ ani no mu nti, `LASIK` ntumi nyɛ yiye. Wɔ nnipa a wɔte saa fam no, `IOL` lenses betumi ayɛ ano aduru pa.

IOL ahwehwɛ ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ? Momma yɛnhwɛ emu biara.

IOL ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Ɔkwan biara wɔ mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow. Mfomso titiriw a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ ahorow bi so ne sɛ woda so ara hia ahwehwɛ ma nnwuma bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, nhoma akenkan). Bere a IOL ahorow afoforo betumi atew ahwehwɛ a ɛho nhia so no, ebetumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba, te sɛ kanea a ɛhyerɛn bere a woreka kar anadwo no. Ase hɔ no yɛ IOL ahorow atitiriw no bi. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne w’ani ho oduruyɛfo bɛkasa na wasi ahwehwɛ a eye ma wo ho gyinae. Obetumi aboa wo ma woapaw ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara ama w’anisoadehu ahiade, asetra kwan, ne w’ankasa nea wopɛ.

1. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade biako pɛ

Eyi ne ahwehwɛ a nnipa dodow no ara paw. `Monofocal` lenses wɔ tumi biako pɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade . Wei kyerɛ sɛ saa ahwehwɛ yi ma wo akyirikyiri anisoadehu, mfinimfini akyirikyiri anisoadehu (sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a worehwɛ kɔmputa), anaa nea ɛbɛn wo anisoadehu no nkyem abiɛsa mu biako pɛ na ɛyɛ nnam. Nnipa pii nya saa `Monofocal` lenses yi a wɔayɛ ama akyirikyiri anisoadehu. Eyi boa kɛse ma nnwuma te sɛ karka. Nanso, sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode ahwehwɛ yɛ nnwuma a ɛbɛn wo ani so te sɛ nhoma akenkan anaa atesɛm krataa a wobɛhwɛ. Wɔ nnipa binom a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtew wɔn ho a wɔde to ahwehwɛ so no, ` Monovision` ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ ama `Monofocal IOL` betumi ayɛ ɔkwan pa. Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ `Monofocal` lenses a wɔde ahyɛ aniwa abien no nyinaa mu no ma kwan koro (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ akyirikyiri anisoadehu). Nanso wɔ `Monovision` mu no, wɔde tumi biako na ɛyɛ aniwa biako mu ahwehwɛ no na wɔde tumi soronko na ɛyɛ aniwa a ɛwɔ aniwa foforo no mu no . Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi anya ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ ama akyirikyiri aniwa wɔ w’ani nifa mu na woanya ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ ama aniwa a ɛbɛn wo wɔ w’ani benkum mu. Wɔ `Monovision` mu no, w'ani abien no bom yɛ adwuma boa ma wuhu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ne nea ɛbɛn nyinaa. Nanso, eyi gye bere kakra ansa na ayɛ ne su. Ebia nnipa binom rentumi mfa `Monovision` nsua koraa. Enti, ansa na wobɛpaw `Monovision IOL` ahwehwɛ no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ sɔ `Monovision contact lenses` hwɛ adapɛn kakraa bi. Afei wubetumi ahu sɛ saa kwan yi yɛ nea ahotɔ wom ma wo anaa.

2. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma pii

`Multifocal` lenses betumi ama wo aniwa a ɛbɛn ne akyirikyiri nyinaa atu mpɔn , na ebetumi atew hia a ehia sɛ wode ahwehwɛ ho no so. Nea ɛnte sɛ `Monofocal` ahwehwɛ no, `Multifocal` ahwehwɛ no wɔ mmeae pii a wɔde hwɛ ade.Aane. W’amemene no dannan ne ho ma ɛne saa mmeae yi hyia na ɛpaw tumi a ɛde n’adwene si biribi so a ehia ma adwuma biara a wɔde ama (e.g., karka anaa nhoma akenkan). Ebetumi agye bere kakra ansa na woatumi de saa ahwehwɛ yi ayɛ wo su. Nanso bere kɔ so no, ɛsɛ sɛ wutumi tew sɛnea wode wo ho to akenkan ahwehwɛ so no so. Ebia nnipa binom nhia ahwehwɛ mpo koraa. Mfomso biako a ɛwɔ `multifocal` lenses ho ne sɛ ebia wubehu `rings` anaa hann a ɛhyerɛn (`halos`) wɔ akanea ho wɔ mmere bi mu, te sɛ bere a woreka kar anadwo.

3. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a emu dɔ (EDOF) a wɔatrɛw mu

Nea ɛnte sɛ `multifocal` ahwehwɛ no, `EDOF` ahwehwɛ no wɔ beae tenten biako a wɔde hwɛ ade . Eyi trɛw w'anisoadehu a wɔateɛteɛ mu ne `depth of focus`. Saa lenses yi ma wo distance vision pa ara , na ɛsan nso ma mfinimfini anisoadehu tu mpɔn (ma nnwuma te sɛ kɔmputa a wode bedi dwuma). Nanso, ebia ɛho da so ara behia sɛ wode ahwehwɛ di dwuma de yɛ nnwuma a ɛbɛn te sɛ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa akenkan.

4. Ahwehwɛ a ɛma wotumi tra hɔ

Saa ahwehwɛ yi te sɛ abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ yɛn ani so no ara pɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wohwɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛn anaa akyirikyiri a, saa ahwehwɛ yi tumi sesa na ɛsakra ne nsusuwii . Eyi yɛ ɔkwan pa foforo a wobɛfa so atew sɛnea wode wo ho to ahwehwɛ so no so. Nanso, sɛ wode bere pii kenkan nhoma bi anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wode `adwene si` biribi a ɛbɛn so a, ebia wubehu sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wode ahwehwɛ bedi dwuma.

5. Toric ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ

Toric lenses boa nnipa a wɔwɔ astigmatism . Saa ahwehwɛ yi ma ɔkwan a hann fa so tɔ wo retina so no tu mpɔn, na ɛma wuhu ade yiye na emu da hɔ. Toric lenses wɔ hɔ wɔ Monofocal, Multifocal, EDOF anaa Accommodative akwan so. Wɔma anisoadehu tu mpɔn. Toric lenses nso boa ma hann a ɛhyerɛn ne halos a ɛyɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ astigmatism so no so tew.

6. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde sesa hann (LALs) .

Ɛsono ahwehwɛ a wotumi sesa mu hann (LAL) wɔ IOL akwan afoforo ho efisɛ bere a wɔayɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hyɛ mu oprehyɛn akyi no , w’ani duruyɛfo bɛsiesie tumi a ɛwɔ saa ahwehwɛ yi mu no yiye. Wɔnam akwan horow a wɔfa so sa UV hann a wɔde sa yare a ɛtoatoa so, a ɛda ntam nna kakraa bi so na ɛyɛ eyi. Saa akwan yi bɛma wo lens aduru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no abɛn w’ani a wopɛ sɛnea wubetumi, na wɔayɛ ama wo pɔtee. Eyi da so ara yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma wotumi hwɛ ade biako, enti ebia wubehia ahwehwɛ a wode bɛkenkan anaa wode aka kar.

7. Phakic ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ

Wɔtaa de phakic ahwehwɛ hyɛ mmerante ne mmabaa mu, bere a wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkora wɔn abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ onipa no so no.. Wɔde siesie sɛnea wohu ade a ɛbɛn, titiriw wɔ wɔn a wɔmfata sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn a wɔde laser refractive oprehyɛn no mu. Eyi boa ma wokora w’abɔde mu tumi a wode besi biribi so na woagye atom no so. Saa ahwehwɛ yi betumi ama mmerante ne mmabaa ahu ade a emu da hɔ bere tenten, sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyi fi hɔ ma wɔyɛ wɔn ani so oprehyɛn daakye mpo a.

Mɛyɛ dɛn apaw IOL ahwehwɛ a ɛfata ama me?

W’ani duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ebia wubenya mfaso afi ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn mu anaasɛ wofata sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn a wɔde sesa ahwehwɛ a ɛma wotumi hu ade no. Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo akwan horow mu na waboa wo ma woapaw IOL a eye sen biara ama wo. Ɔbɛyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ nso de ahwɛ w’aniwa ne w’ani akwahosan. Ɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyaw nnim nso de asusuw w’ani kɛse ne ne nsɛso.

Ansa na wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkasa no, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wususuw nea ɛho hia wo fi wo IOL ahwehwɛ mu, ne nneɛma a ɛho nhia wo kɛse no ho.

Ebia ɛbɛboa sɛ wubebisa wo ho nsɛm yi:

• So ɛyɛ ɔhaw ma me sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a mɛhyɛ ahwehwɛ ? Sɛ saa a, mpɛn ahe na atirimpɔw ahorow bɛn nti? (e.g. anadwo nkutoo? bere a worekenkan nhoma nkutoo?)
• Anisoadehu bɛn na m’adwuma/adwuma hwehwɛ? So mewɔ ɔhaw bi wɔ ahwehwɛ a mɛhyɛ de ayɛ adwuma yi ho? (Fa no sɛ wode kɔmputa yɛ adwuma bere tenten a.)
• So metaa ka kar anadwo? Sɛ saa a, so metumi ayɛ me su sɛ mɛhu hann a ɛhyerɛn ne halo a atwa akanea no ho ahyia bere a meka kar no?
• Anigyede ne dwumadi ahorow bɛn na m’ani gye ho kɛse? Ɛhe na mewɔ ɔpɛ sɛ mede me ho bɛto ahwehwɛ so ama saa dwumadi ahorow yi? (Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ w’ani gye ntadepam ho a, anisoadehu a ɛbɛn ho hia yiye.)
• Dɛn ne sika a mede bɛyɛ oprehyɛn no?

Bere a insurance nhyehyɛe dodow no ara tua `Monofocal` lenses ho ka no, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wufi wo kotoku mu tua ka wɔ ahorow afoforo ho. Enti, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhunu `IOL` akwan ahodoɔ boɔ pɔtee ansa na woasi gyinaeɛ a ɛtwa toɔ.

Ɔhaw ne nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba bere a wɔde IOL ahyɛ nipadua mu no?

IOL nsɛnnennen dodow no ara ho yɛ na , nanso eye sɛ wubehu. Kakraa bi ni:

• Posterior capsular opacification: Wɔtaa frɛ eyi sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛto so abien.Eyi ne bere a nneɛma bi ba wɔ ahwehwɛ a wɔde ahyɛ mu no akyi, wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi asram anaa mfe bi. Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛfata wɔ oprehyɛn akyi, na ɛyɛ biribi a obiara betumi ahwɛ kwan bere a bere kɔ so no. Eyi a wɔsa no yɛ ntɛm na ɛnyɛ den yiye, wɔtaa yɛ wɔ adwumayɛbea hɔ denam ``laser'' so.
• IOL dislocation : Eyi ne bere a wo IOL no fi ne gyinabea a ɛfata no. Sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu tebea horow bi , te sɛ pseudoexfoliation syndrome, anaasɛ sɛ woapira w’ani anaasɛ woadi kan ayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn a , wowɔ asiane kɛse mu . Awosu mu tebea horow bi te sɛ Ehlers-Danlos yare ne Marfan yare nso betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no ayɛ kɛse. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn na ama wɔasan asiesie IOL no anaasɛ wɔde asi ananmu.
• Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome: UGH syndrome ba bere a IOL no hyɛ w’aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne w’aniwa afã afoforo abufuw no. Eyi betumi ama obi mu ahonhon, aniwa no mu nhyɛso akɔ soro, na wanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo. Sɛnea ɛte wɔ IOL a ɛpaapae ho no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn na ama wɔasan asiesie IOL no anaasɛ wɔde foforo ahyɛ mu. Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a ɛntaa nsi koraa a nnipa dodow no ara nnya bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn daa no.
• IOL opacification: Eyi ne bere a wo IOL lens no bɛyɛ mununkum. Ebia w’aniso no renyɛ nnam kɛse, na ebia wubehu hann a ɛhyerɛn wɔ akanea ho. Ayaresa no ne oprehyɛn a wɔde IOL foforo bɛhyɛ mu Eyi nyɛ nea ɛtaa ba koraa wɔ nnɛyi IOL ahorow mu.
• Anisoadehunu mu nsakraeɛ a wɔnhwɛ kwan (`Refractive surprise`): `Refractive surprise` ne berɛ a w'aniwadeɛ nyɛ nnam sɛdeɛ wo ne w'ani duruyɛfoɔ hwɛɛ kwan berɛ a wɔde `IOL` ahyɛ mu akyi. W’ani duruyɛfo bɛka ano aduru pii ho nyansa. Wubetumi agye w’anisoadehu no atom sɛnea ɛte na wonyɛ hwee bio. Anaasɛ wobɛtumi ahyɛ ahwehwɛ, ayɛ `laser` anisoadehunu oprehyɛn te sɛ `LASIK` anaa `PRK`, anaasɛ woayɛ `IOL` lens exchange oprehyɛn.

Ansa na wubesi gyinae sɛ wɔde IOL bɛhyɛ wo nipadua mu no, wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo nka nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba ne asiane dodow a ɛwɔ wo mu ho asɛm. Obegyina w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, w’ani akwahosan, ne nneɛma afoforo so akyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan. Afei nso, bisa nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛtaa ba a ɛbata aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn anaa oprehyɛn a wɔde sesa aniwa no mu oprehyɛn ho. Ɛho hia sɛ wunya nsɛm a wuhia nyinaa na ama woatumi asi gyinae a ɛfata ama wo.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Aniwa mu ahwehwɛ (IOL) yɛ mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ebetumi aboa nnipa pii ma wɔahu wiase no yiye sen bere biara ampa. Bere a mfiridwuma renya nkɔso no, IOL ahorow no ma wonya mfaso pii, na sintɔ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu. Sɛ worepaw wo IOL a, ebetumi aboa sɛ wobɛkyerɛw nneɛma a wode di kan (nneɛma a ɛho hia wo kɛse) no. Afei nso, kyerɛw nneɛma a "ɛyɛ dɛ sɛ wubenya, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛho hia." Fa saa nsɛm yi kyerɛ w’ani duruyɛfo. Afei, mo nyinaa bom betumi asi gyinae a eye sen biara. Kae sɛ, eyinom ne w’ani, w’anisoadehu. Enti ɛyɛ wo hokwan sɛ wopaw nea eye ma wo.

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` IOL, Aniwa mu Ahwehwɛ, Aniwa a Ɛyɛ Fɛ, Aniwa a Wɔteɛteɛ, Aniwa Oprehyɛn, Monofocal, Multifocal, Toric