So wo nso wotaa fefe? So wo hwene te nka sɛ ayɛ wo yaw? Momma yensua akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ho ade!

Sɛ wosɔre anɔpa a, wo hwene nso ho tew? So wo hwene te nka sɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw na ɛyɛ wo yaw? So w’ani, w’ano, ne wo menewa yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa? Sɛ saa a, ebia wowɔ nea yɛreka ho asɛm no : Allergic Rhinitis , anaa sɛnea ebinom frɛ no no , Hay Fever . Ɛmfa ho sɛ "atiridii" wɔ din no mu no, nnipa dodow no ara nnya atiridii. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri, tiawa koraa.

Dɛn ne Allergic Rhinitis?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, akisikuru a ɛma yɛn nipadua no ho yɛ no hyew yɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛyɛ nketenkete dodo sɛ yebehu (a wɔfrɛ no nneɛma a ɛma yɛn ho yɛ no hyew) . Sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛma yɛn ho yɛ den yi fa yɛn hwene anaa yɛn ano mu kɔ yɛn nipadua mu a, yɛn nipadua no susuw sɛ biribi a ɛyɛ hu ahyɛ mu. Afei, nipadua no ma nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no histamine . Eyi na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ahurututu, hwene a ɛsen, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw ba.

Ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ɔyare ba te sɛ atiridiinini. Afei nso, ɛnyɛ anom a ɛyɛ den nyinaa na ɛyɛ akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw. Ebia nnipa binom nso benya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no non-allergic rhinitis , a ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa ara, nanso ɛnyɛ nneɛma a ɛma akisikuru na ɛde ba.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛkanyan eyi?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Eyinom betumi ayɛ dan mu ne abɔnten nyinaa. Nneɛma atitiriw no bi ni:

• Pollen a efi nnua, sare, ne nwura mu: Eyinom sensɛn mframa mu, titiriw wɔ nhwiren bere mu.
• Nwansena mu mmoawa: Eyinom nyin wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, te sɛ aguaree, adididan, ne nhaban nwura a wɔaboaboa ano mpo mu.
• Pet dander: Eyinom abu so wɔ afie a mmoa te sɛ mpataa ne akraman te mu.
• Mfutuma mu nwansena: Saa abɔde nketenkete yi a aniwa ntumi nhu no te yɛn mpa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, mpa, sofa, ne ntamadan mu.
• Akɔre nnompe ne nsu: Nnipa binom nso betumi ayɛ wɔn a wɔn ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ eyinom ho.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wufi adi kɔ turo mu anɔpa a, wufi ase fefe bere nyinaa, anaasɛ sɛ wode nhoma dedaw gu baabi a, wo hwene siw. Ebia biribi te sɛ eyi ne nea enti a ɛte saa.

Mmere bɛn na saa akisikuru yi ka no kɛse?

Allergic rhinitis betumi aba afe no mu bere biara. Nanso, ɛka nnipa binom kɛse wɔ mmere pɔtee bi mu.

• Mmere mu akisikuru: Eyinom taa taa ba ahohuru bere, ahohuru bere, ne osutɔbere mfiase. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nnua ne nhwiren gu nhwiren wɔ saa mmere yi mu, na pollen dodow kɔ soro wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu. Nanso, saa pollen mmere yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina baabi a wote so.
• Allergy a ɛtra hɔ daa:Eyinom betumi aba afe mũ no nyinaa. Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a ɛwɔ fie no mu na ɛde ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mfutuma a wɔfrɛ no dust mites, pet dander, ne nea ɛkeka ho Eyinom betumi akɔ soro wɔ awɔw bere mu efisɛ wɔato mfɛnsere no mu.

Tebea yi abu so dɛn ankasa?

Yiw, eyi yɛ tebea a abu so kɛse sen sɛnea ebia wubesusuw. Nnipa ɔpepem pii wɔ wiase nyinaa wɔ akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ no, nnipa dodow bɛyɛ 20% na wɔwɔ saa tebea yi. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛda adi yiye sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua anaa w’adamfo bi mu.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew?

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛnea sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu yɛ den nso betumi ayɛ soronko. Hwɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wowɔ eyinom mu kakraa bi:

• Anom a ɛyɛ den, ahurututu, ne hwene a ɛretu.
• Hwene, menewa, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa nsuo a ɛtɔ.
• Tiyɛ , sinus pressure, ne kurukuruwa tuntum a atwa aniwa no ho ahyia.
• Nsu a ɛboaboa ano dodo wɔ hwene ne menewa mu.
• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka.
• Menewa mu yaw esiane nsu a ɛkɔ menewa mu nti (postnasal drip).
• Nnipa binom nso betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ den, ɔfe, ne ahurututu .

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa abien mpo a, sɛ ɛkɔ so a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

So eyi yɛ akisikuru? So ɛyɛ awɔw? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a nnipa pii wɔ. Efisɛ akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne no te sɛ atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba no ara pɛ. Nanso, nsonsonoe nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ.

Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na nsu wom no taa yɛ nea ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew . Nanso, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu nyɛ den te sɛ atiridiinini. Nipadua mu yaw ne atiridii taa ba bere a atiridii wɔ hɔ no.

Ade foforo ne sɛ mpɛn pii no , ade pɔtee bi a ɛde ba (nea ɛkanyan) na ɛkanyan akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew . Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a wim tebea sesa, te sɛ afieboa foforo a wɔde ba fie no. Allergy betumi aba bɛyɛ bere koro mu afe biara (e.g., ahohuru bere) na ebetumi afi ase ntɛmntɛm yiye.

Nanso, mmoawa bi na ɛde atiridii ba. Ɛtrɛw fi onipa biako so kɔ foforo so. Enti, sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ atiridii pɛn a, wubetumi anya atiridiinini. Atiridii taa fi hɔ bɛyɛ dapɛn biako mu. Nanso, sɛ ɛyɛ allergy a, ebetumi atra hɔ akosi sɛ wobeyi allergen no afi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu.

Dɛn nti na yenya akisikuru a ɛma yɛn ho yɛ yɛn yaw? Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ nipadua no mu?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma nketenkete (allergens) a ɛwɔ yɛn mpɔtam hɔ a ɛyɛ nketewa dodo sɛ aniwa betumi ahu no so na ɛde Allergic Rhinitis ba.Esiane mmuae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no de ma nti.

Saa nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw yi nyɛ asiane biara mma nnipa dodow no ara ankasa. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ akisikuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no susuw sɛ nea ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no yɛ ade a ɛhyɛn wo nipadua mu. Enti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na abɔ wo nipadua ho ban no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yi nnuru te sɛ histamine kɔ wo mogya mu. Saa histamine yi ma ntini a ɛwɔ wo hwene, w’ani, ne wo menewa mu no hohoro na ɛyɛ wo yaw. Eyi ne ɔkwan a wo nipadua bɔ mmɔden sɛ ebeyi aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no afi hɔ.

Yɛaka nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ho asɛm dedaw:

• Mfutuma nwansena te kapet, ntama, mpa, ne dan mu nneɛma mu.
• Pollen a efi nnua, sare, ne nwura mu.
• Pet dander.
• Nkuku a wɔfrɛ no spores.
• Akɔre nnompe ne nwura.

Aduan ho akisikuru bi nso betumi ama hwene ne menewa mu ayɛ hyew. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a aduan ho akisikuru betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu. Enti, sɛ wususuw sɛ worenya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkɔ so esiane aduan pɔtee bi nti a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya eyi?

Wobetumi anya akisikuru a wonya fi awo mu . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ w’awofo anaa w’abusua muni bi a ɔbɛn wo no wɔ akisikuru a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya akisikuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew.

Afei nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu anaa akisikuru (honam ani yare te sɛ akisikuru) no taa nya saa tebea yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu eyi?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobedi kan ahwɛ wo na wɔabisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔbɛhwɛ tebea afoforo te sɛ atiridii ne ayamtu nso. Ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa akisikuru ho nso .

• Mogya mu akisikuru ho nhwehwɛmu: Eyi kyerɛ nnuru dodow a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ wo mogya bi mu a wɔayɛ atia biribi pɔtee bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew. Wɔsan frɛ eyi Immunoglobulin E (IgE) nhwehwɛmu . Etumi hu akisikuru ahorow pii, aduan ho akisikuru mpo.
• Skin prick test ne/anaasɛ intradermal test: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi boa ma wuhu allergen a wo ho yɛ wo hyew no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔ skin prick test , mu no, wo duruyɛfo de nneɛma ahorow a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew kakraa bi gu wo honam ani (mpɛn pii no wɔ wo nsa anaa wo nsa akyi) na ɔde ade ketewaa bi bɔ mu. Sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ biribi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew ho a, beae no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ayɛ wo yaw, na ɛho ahonhon wɔ simma 15 kosi 30 mu. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ honam aniEyi nso te saa ara, nanso wɔde aduru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no gu honam ani.

Sɛ wuhu nea ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew denam nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi so wie a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkwati na woanya ayaresa a ɛfata.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew?

Nea eye ne sɛ, nnuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so. Eyinom yɛ nnuru, nsu, aniwa mu aduru, aduru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, ne nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua mu. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa ansa na wode aduru biara adi dwuma. Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ woanyinsɛn anaa wowɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo a.

Akwan titiriw a wɔfa so sa yare no bi ni:

Nnuru a wɔde kum histamine

Wobetumi atɔ eyinom a wɔtɔn wɔ aduruyɛdan mu (OTC) a oduruyɛfo akyerɛw krataa ama no anaasɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no histamine a nipadua no gyae bere a obi ho yɛ no hyew no a esiw ano no so. Wɔba wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum, nsu, aniwa mu aduru, aduru a wɔde petepete hwene mu, ne nnuru a wɔde home. Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Loratadine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Claritin®) .
• Cetirizine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Zyrtec®) .
• Fexofenadine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Allegra®) .
• Levocetirizine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Xyzal®) .

Nnuru bi a ekum histamine betumi ama obi ada. Enti, kwati sɛ wobɛnom nsa bere a worenom nnuru yi, titiriw sɛ woreka kar a.

Nnuru a ɛtew anom a ɛyɛ den (Decongestants) .

Saa nnuru yi brɛ hwene ne hwene mu a ɛyɛ den no ase. Wobetumi de ano anom sɛ nnuru, nsu, anaa aduru a wɔde petepete hwene mu. Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Afrin® aduru a wɔde petepete hwene mu
• Phenylephrine a wɔde petepete hwene mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, Neo-Synephrine®) .
• Pseudoephedrine (sɛ nhwɛso no, Sudafed®) .

Eyinom betumi de nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, tiyɛ, nna a wontumi nna, ne ahomegye a wonni aba. Sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew di dwuma bɛboro nnanu a, ebetumi ama obi ayɛ ɔsadweam nso.

Corticosteroid a wɔde petepete hwene mu

Saa nnuru a wɔde petepete so ne nnuru a wɔde home yi brɛ ɔfe a ɛwɔ hwene mu no ase na ɛma sare atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no fi hɔ. Nnuru a wɔtaa de petepete hwene mu no bi ne Flonase®, Nasacort®, ne Rhinocort®. Eyinom betumi de ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ tiyɛ, hwene mu ɔfe, hwene mu mogya, ne ɔfe aba.

Nnuru a esiw leukotriene ano

Bere a yɛn nipadua no nya akisikuru no, ɛma nnuru a wɔfrɛ no histamine ne leukotrienes fi nipadua no mu. Eyinom nso de ɔfe ne sare atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne ba. Saa nnuru yi ba wɔ aduruyɛ mu na wobetumi anom bere a oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama no nkutoo. Wɔnam saa leukotrienes yi a wosiw ano so na ɛyɛ adwuma. Nea wɔtaa de di dwuma ne Montelukast (e.g. Singulair®). Ebia nnipa binom adwene bɛsakra, wɔada adaeso a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ntini a ɛkeka wɔn ho a wɔmpɛ, ne honam ani akisikuru bere a wɔrenom nnuru yi.

Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa

Saa ayaresa yi kyerɛkyerɛ wo nipadua no sɛnea etumi gyina nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no ano. Wo duruyɛfo ma wo nnuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no kakraa bi pɛ a wɔde twitwiw wo (a wɔfrɛ no subcutaneous immunotherapy, anaasɛ allergy shots) toatoa so. Bere biara a wobɛtow wo duruyɛfo no, de nkakrankakra ma nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no yɛ kɛse. Bere kɔ so no, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no sua ade a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no na egyae sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ ho.

Wɔ nsɛm titiriw bi mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa aduru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔnom, a ɛba sɛ aduru a wode bɛhyɛ wo tɛkrɛma ase. Mprempren saa ayaresa yi wɔ hɔ ma wɔn a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn yaw wɔ nnua, sare, ne mfutuma mu nwansena ho (wɔ United States) nkutoo.

Saa akisikuru yi taa di bere tenten ahe?

Ɛsono nnipa biara. Nnipa dodow no ara nya ahotɔ wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi bere a wɔanom nnuru no. Nanso, ebehia sɛ wokɔ so nom aduru no kosi sɛ nea ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no befi hɔ. Nnipa binom betumi anya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi adapɛn anaa asram pii mpo, titiriw sɛ wɔannom nnuru anaasɛ wontumi nnya nnuru a ɛbɛboa ma wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so atew a.

Dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan bere a wo ne tebea yi te ase no?

Allergic rhinitis betumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra. Nanso, mpɛn pii no ɛmma akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den mma. Nnipa pii de asetra mu nsakrae ne nnuru a wɔtɔn a wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu di saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ho dwuma.

Nanso, nnipa a wɔn ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ mframa mu yi ho no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya aso mu yare ne aso mu yare . Afei nso, sɛ eyi ma woda yiye anadwo a, ebia wobɛte ɔbrɛ nka awiabere. Sɛ wowɔ ayamtu a, hay fever betumi ama wo ayamtu ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ayɛ kɛse.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de asiw akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ano?

Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobetumi afa so asiw eyi ano koraa. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae kakraa bi wɔ asetra mu a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛtra ase ne saa akisikuru yi. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ho sɛnea wubetumi biara. Sɔ nneɛma yi hwɛ na ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so atew:

• Tew w’anim, w’ani, ne hwene a wode bɛka wo ho no so sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Ma wo fie ne wo kar mfɛnsere mu nkɔ so wɔ mmere a pollen dɔɔso wom (ahohuru bere, ahohuru bere, ne osutɔbere mfiase).
• Fa nkataso gu pillow, mattress, ne mpa so ntama so na ama woabɔ wo ho ban afi mfutuma mu nwansena ho.
• Siw afieboa kwan sɛ wɔbɛtra sofa ne mpa so. Fa apon to mu wɔ adan a wompɛ sɛ wɔtra mu mu.
• Fa filter ahorow a ɛwɔ wo vacuum cleaner ne mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so di dwuma na ama nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew a ɛwɔ mframa mu no so atew.
• Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii, titiriw bere a wo ne mmoa adi agoru awie no.
• Hyɛ kyɛw ne ahwehwɛ a wode bɛbɔ w’ani ho ban afi pollen ho bere a worekɔ abɔnten no. Sɛ wudu fie pɛ a, sesa wo ntade.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Ɛwom sɛ mpɛn pii no, akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew mfa akwahosan ho haw akɛse mma de, nanso ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛnyɛ tebea foforo te sɛ ayamtu anaasɛ akisikuru mu yare. Titiriw no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ:

• Sɛ allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne rehaw wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛda yiye anadwo a.
• Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no ano ntew ɛmfa ho sɛ ɔnom nnuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew no a.

Oduruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woahu aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew na ɔkamfo ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi ama wo ho atɔ wo.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, saa tebea a wɔfrɛ no Allergic Rhinitis yi betumi ayɛ ahometew kakra. Nanso, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn ho. Sɛ wodi ho dwuma yiye a, ɛnyɛ ɔhaw sɛ wode bɛtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ na anigye wom. Nnipa ɔpepem pii de nnuru ne asetra mu nsakrae di tebea yi ho dwuma. Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa na nya ayaresa ne afotu a ɛfata wo yiye. Afei wo nso wubetumi ahome ahome na wo ho atɔ wo!

` Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, allergies, ahurututu, anom a ɛyɛ den, pollen, mfutuma mu nwansena