Momma yensua oduruyɛfo titiriw a obehu wo ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn no ho ade - oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no.

So woasiesie wo ho ama oprehyɛn anaa sɔhwɛ kɛse bi pɛn? So wokae bere a, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no akyi no, oduruyɛfo titiriw foforo baa wo nkyɛn bɛhwɛɛ wo? Saa oduruyɛfo no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka onii ko a oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yi yɛ, nea ɔyɛ, ne sɛnea ɔho hia ma wo awerɛkyekye ne ahobammɔ ho asɛm.

Hena ne Anesthesiologist?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo wɔ baabi a wɔde nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ, ɛyaw ano aduru, ne ayarehwɛ a emu yɛ den ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn, bere a wɔayɛ oprehyɛn anaa aduruyɛ mu akwan afoforo a ɛyɛ yaw, ne bere a wɔawie no. Susuw sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ yɛrente ɛyaw nka bere a yɛreyɛ oprehyɛn no ho hwɛ. Oduruyɛfo titiriw yi yɛ saa pɛpɛɛpɛ, dwoodwoo.

Dɛn ne aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no?

Anesthesia yɛ aduruyɛ a ɛmma wunnya ɛyaw nka bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn anaa aduruyɛ mu akwan foforo. Wɔfrɛ nnuru a nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua mu yare ne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo de siw ɛyaw yi ano no.

Afei hwɛ, akwan horow a wɔfa so de aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yi yɛ adwuma wɔ akwan horow so.

• Nnuru bi a ɛma obi dwensɔ ma wo nipadua no fã pɔtee bi nkutoo yɛ mmerɛw. Susuw ho te sɛ aduru a wode ma ansa na woayi wo sẽ no.
• Nnuru afoforo bi ma w’amemene da kakra, afei ɛma w’adwene tu fra koraa. Wɔde eyi di dwuma titiriw wɔ oprehyɛn akɛse te sɛ nea wɔyɛ wɔ ti, koko, anaa yafunu mu no mu.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ biribi ketewaa bi, te sɛ nea wɔde hyɛ wo sẽ mu ma a, oduruyɛfo a ɔreyɛ no bɛma wo aduru a wɔde kum wo mpɔtam hɔ , a ɛkyerɛ aduru a ɛma saa beae no nkutoo yɛ mmerɛw.

So oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ nso yɛ oduruyɛfo?

Yiw, koraa! Oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ yɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa, te sɛ wo oprehyɛn ho oduruyɛfo anaa w’abusua oduruyɛfo. Wɔwɔ oduruyɛfo abodin krataa wɔ aduruyɛ mu (`MD - Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ Aduruyɛ so` anaa `DO - Oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ Nnompe mu Aduruyɛ so`). Na, sɛ wususuw wɔn sukuukɔ, sukuupɔn abodin krataa, ne baabi a wɔtra wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu akyi ho a, wɔtete wɔn ho mfe 12 kosi 14. Enti, ɛno nyɛ adeyɛ ketewaa bi, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ankasa na oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yɛ?

Te sɛ w’abusua oduruyɛfo no, oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ no na ɔhwɛ w’akwahosan afã horow nyinaa so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔbɛhwɛ wo mogya mmoroso, asikreyare, ayamtu, ne koma tebea bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no, bere a wɔde nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no nso bɛma wo sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a worente ɛyaw biara.

Nnuruyɛfo a wɔde nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ nso boa ma wunya ahobammɔ denam wo nipadua akwaa a wɔbɛkata so na wɔabɔ ho ban bere a wunnim hwee no so, na amma nneɛma ansɛe no.

Nnuruyɛfo a wɔde nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no wɔ asɛyɛde ahorow bi a ɛho hia yiye ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn, bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn, ne bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn akyi :

Ansa na wɔreyɛ no oprehyɛn

• Sua w’akwahosan tebea ne nea efi sɔhwɛ mu ba no ho ade yiye.
• Sɛnea wo nipadua fata oprehyɛn a worebɛyɛ no a wobɛkyerɛ.
• Anesthesia nhyehyɛe a ahobammɔ wom sen biara ma wo ho gyinaesi.

Bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no

• Wɔbɛhwɛ wo nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛho hia – te sɛ koma bɔ, mogya mmoroso, ne ahome – bere nyinaa wɔ oprehyɛn no mu.
• W’ayaresa tebea horow a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no a wobɛhwɛ so.
• Nsuo, mogya mu nneɛma ne nnuru a wo nipadua hia na ama ayɛ adwuma (e.g. koma, ahurututu, asaabo) a wode bɛma.
• Ebia wɔn nkutoo bɛyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ wɔne kuw bi a wɔhwɛ nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu a ayarehwɛfo a wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ anaa nnuruyɛfo a wɔatete wɔn a wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yɛ adwuma.

Wɔ oprehyɛn akyi

• Sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn no wie a, ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wohwɛ wo yiyedi so kosi sɛ nkakrankakra wo ho bɛtɔ wo afi nea efi nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu ba no ho.
• Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no na osi bere a wo ho atɔ wo koraa afi nea efi aduru a wɔde kum wo mu no mu na woasiesie wo ho sɛ wobɛkɔ fie anaasɛ wɔde wo bɛkɔ ayaresabea foforo mu wɔ ayaresabea hɔ no ho gyinae.

Dwumadi afoforo a ɛho hia

Anesthesiologists nso hwɛ nnipa a wɔreyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn nketenkete anaasɛ enhia sɛ wɔn adwene mu yɛ wɔn naa koraa (`General Anesthesia`). Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ epidurals a wɔde ma ɛnanom a wɔrebɛwo akokoaa de atew ɛyaw so .

Wɔboa nso ma wɔhwɛ ayarefo a wɔwɔ Intensive Care Unit (ICU) bere a wɔayɛ wɔn oprehyɛn akɛse akyi. Wɔne ayaresabea no kuw a wɔhwɛ ɛyaw so nso yɛ adwuma anaa wɔ adwumayɛbea bi de boa wɔn a wɔte ɛyaw kɛse, sɛ́ ebia efi akwanhyia anaa akyi yaw a enni sabea mu.

So nnipa afoforo wɔ kuw a wɔde nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu?

Yiw, ebia nnipa afoforo wɔ kuw a wɔde nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu no mu a oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nka ho. Ma yɛnhwɛ nnipa ko a wɔyɛ.

• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA): Oyi yɛ ɔyarehwɛfo a wɔakyerɛw ne din a wawie ayarehwɛfo a wɔagye atom ntetee nhyehyɛe. Wɔyɛ ayarehwɛfo (ɛnyɛ nnuruyɛfo) a wɔanya ntetee a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ ayaresa a wɔde ma wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu ho. Mpɛn pii no, CRNA yɛ adwuma wɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no hwɛ ase. Te sɛ nea ɔyarehwɛfo a ɔwɔ ayaresabea dan mu bɛhwɛ wo wɔ wo oprehyɛn ho oduruyɛfo anaa abusua oduruyɛfo akwankyerɛ ase no.
• Certified Anesthesiologist Assistant (CAA): Oyi yɛ ɔhwɛfo a ɔwɔ mfinimfini a ɔyɛ adwuma te sɛ CRNA. Nanso, sɛ́ anka wobenya ayarehwɛfo abodin krataa no, wɔwɔ nyansahu mu nimdeɛ te sɛ pre-med abodin krataa.
• Oduruyɛfo a Ɔhwɛ aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ: Oyi ne oduruyɛfo a yɛadi kan aka ne ho asɛm, a wanya ntetee titiriw wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu wɔ aduruyɛ sukuu akyi. Wonya mfe anan ntetee wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu. Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi de afe biako anaa abien foforo atete wɔn ho wɔ ntetee a ɛfa subspecialty ho wɔ mmeae te sɛ Mmofra, Koma, Awo Ho, Ɔhwɛ a Ɛyɛ Den, anaa Ɛyaw Ho Nnuruyɛ mu.

Dɛn ne oprehyɛn ne akwan horow a wɔtaa yɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ obi nya oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ?

Oprehyɛn ne aduruyɛ pii hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde aduru bi a wɔde kum nipadua no ne oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ. Nnuru ahorow a oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ di dwuma ne:

• General Anesthesia - Wei kyerε sε obi ntumi nhu hwee koraa.
• Sedation - Wei kyerε sε wode wo bɛto nna a emu yε den mu.
• Regional Anesthesia - Wei kyerε sε εbεma nipadua no fã kɛseɛ bi ayɛ mmerɛw.

Sɛ wuhia aduru a wɔde kum wo mpɔtam hɔ nkutoo ma biribi ketewaa bi a, oduruyɛfo a ɔreyɛ no de bɛma wo.

Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no nyinaa a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa:

• Ti anaa akyi oprehyɛn
• Koma mu oprehyɛn
• Ahurututu mu oprehyɛn
• Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ wɔ wo yafunu mu

Regional Anesthesia – kyerɛ sɛ, akyi berɛmo mu aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no, epidural anesthesia, anaa regional anesthesia block – na wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no nyinaa:

• Asen anaa kotodwe oprehyɛn
• Nsa anaa nan oprehyɛn

IV Sedation – Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛma wo nnuru a ɛbɛma wo ho adwo wo na ama woada wɔ dodow ahorow mu (eyi betumi ayɛ anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa mpɔtam hɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho) – Nneɛma a wɔtaa yɛ a wɔhwehwɛ:

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ahurututu no mu (bronchoscopy) .
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ dwensɔtwaa kɛse no mu (`Colonoscopy`) .
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ akisikuru no mu (`Cystoscopy`) .
• Nsõ ho oprehyɛn
• Nnompe nketenkete a abubu a wosiesie
• Honam ani oprehyɛn nketenkete
• Oprehyɛn a wɔde plastic anaa nea wɔde san yɛ
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduan mu ntini a ɛwɔ soro no ho (Upper endoscopy) .

Nnuruyɛfo a wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ nso ne wɔn a wɔde epidural no ma de siw ɛyaw ano bere a wɔrewo ne aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ma wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde twa oprehyɛn (C-section) .

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ nkyɛn kɔhwɛ no?

Wo ne wo oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no behyia nna kakraa bi anaa adapɛn kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn no. Saa bere no, ɔbɛhwɛ sɛ wofata ma oprehyɛn no.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa wo

Wobisa wo nneɛma te sɛ:

• W'akwahosan nyinaa te dɛn ?
• So akwahosan tebea pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a na ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw , sɛ nhwɛso no, komayare, asikreyare, anaa ayamtu?
• Nnuru ahorow a worenom (oduruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo, nnuru a wɔtɔn, ne nnuru a wɔde ka ho).
• Dɛn ne wo allergy ahorow?
• Sɛ́ ebia wo anaa w’abusua mu biara anya ɔhaw bi wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho bere bi a atwam no. Eyi ho hia paa. Titiriw no, ɛho hia sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛsɔre afi aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu bere bi a atwam, woatra mframa a wɔde ma mu akyɛ sen sɛnea na wohwɛ kwan, woanya atiridiinini wɔ aduru a wɔde kum wo ho, anaasɛ woanya akisikuru ne ɔfe a emu yɛ den wɔ oprehyɛn akyi a.

Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛe

Wɔbɛhwɛ wo ho nneɛma yi mu:

• Mframa kwan – Wei kyerɛ wo sẽ, wo menewa, wo kɔn, ne wo hwene kwan.
• Akoma.
• Ahrawa.
• Pulse (`Pulse` / `Koma a ɛbɔ`).

Wɔbɛsan ahwɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu, X-ray, ultrasound, ne EKG (electrocardiogram) amanneɛbɔ ahorow mu de ahwɛ ahu sɛ woasiesie wo ho yiye ama wo oprehyɛn no.

Sɛ wosusuw eyi nyinaa ho wie a, wobesi nhyehyɛe a ɛfata a wɔde bɛma wo ho gyinae – sɛ ɛyɛ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa, ɔmantam mu aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no, aduru a wɔde kum akyi berɛmo, anaa eyinom a wɔaka abom. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no nsɛm. Kyerɛkyerɛ nea wɔrekamfo akyerɛ ne nea wobɛhwɛ kwan.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na obi bɛyɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ?

Sɛ obi bɛyɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ a, ɛsɛ sɛ owie nea edidi so yi nyinaa:

• Mfe anan nhomasua a edi kan wɔ aduruyɛ mu wɔ sukuupɔn mu ne bachelor’s degree.
• Mfeɛ nnan aduruyɛ sukuu adesua (`Aduruyɛ sukuu`) ne aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa (`MD` anaa `DO`).
• Mfeɛ nnan nteteeɛ titire a wɔde ma wɔ adesua akyi (`Residency`) wɔ anesthesia nhyehyɛeɛ mu.
• Bio nso, sɛ wopɛ a, wobɛtumi nso anya afe anaa mmienu foforɔ wɔ subspecialty nteteeɛ (`Fellowship training`) . Ɛne sɛ, wɔ adwuma titiriw bi te sɛ komayare, ntini mu yare, mmofra ayaresa, awo ne mmea ho yare, ayarehwɛ a emu yɛ den, anaa ɛyaw ano aduru mu.

Wɔ saa ntetee a wɔde ma wɔ adesua akyi yi akyi no, nnuruyɛfo dodow no ara a wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ yɛ adwuma no bɛyɛ nea Amerika Nnuruyɛfo Boayikuw (ABA) ama wɔn adansedi krataa denam sɔhwɛ a wɔkyerɛw ne nea wɔde ano nyinaa yɛ so.

Te sɛ aduruyɛ ho adwumayɛfoɔ afoforɔ nyinaa no, ɛsɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfoɔ a wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ kɔ nhyiamu ne adesua wɔ wɔn adwuma nyinaa mu na ama wɔahu nkɔsoɔ ne mfiridwuma foforɔ a ɛwɔ wɔn adwuma mu. Ebinom nso de wɔn ho hyɛ nhwehwɛmu mu de hwehwɛ akwan foforo a eye a wɔbɛfa so de nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no ama.

Dɛn ne subspecialties a ɛwɔ anesthesiology mu?

Subspecialties a ɛwɔ anesthesiology mu no bi ne:

• Ɛyaw ano aduru
• Koma mu aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no
• Mmofra aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no
• Ntini mu ntini a ɛma obi dwensɔ
• Nnuru a wɔde kum awo
• Ɔhwɛ a emu yɛ den / Ɔhwɛ a emu yɛ den
• Regional anesthesia / Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a wɔde di dwuma
• Hospice ne ayaresa a ɛma obi ho dwo no

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Sɛ́ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no oprehyɛn anaa aduruyɛ mu adeyɛ titiriw bi betumi ayɛ den kakra. Nanso kae sɛ, wo oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ no wɔ nimdeɛ ne ahokokwaw soronko a ɛbɛma woanya ahobammɔ bere a woreyɛ wo oprehyɛn no. Wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde bɛma wo akisikuru a wɔayɛ ama wo titiriw.

Nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no nsɛm. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ma woate nka sɛ wo ho tɔ wo na wowɔ ahotoso kɛse wɔ wo oprehyɛn no ho. W’ahobammɔ ho hia wɔn paa.

Enti, bere foforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no yɛ oprehyɛn no, afei de wunim dwuma a oduruyɛfo a ɔma obi dwensɔ no di, ɛnte saa? Mewɔ anidaso sɛ ɛbɛma w’adwene ho adwo wo.

` Anesthesiologist, anesthesia, oprehyɛn, oprehyɛn, anesthesia, ɛyaw ano aduru, Anesthesiologist