So wunim sɛ sɛ yɛyare, sɛ yɛnya atiridii a, ɔko kɛse bi rekɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu? Yɛn ankasa nipadua a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban no ko tia mmoawa, kyerɛ sɛ, ntuafo, fi abɔnten wɔ ɔkwan a aniwa nhu so. Asraafo a wɔyɛ soronko na wɔn ho akokwaw sen biara wɔ saa asraafo a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban yi mu ne ‘nkwaboaa a ɛko tia nyarewa’ a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ no. Sɛ eyinom nni hɔ a, awɔw ketewaa bi mpo betumi de yɛn akɔ ɔhaw kɛse mu.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, momma yɛmfa nhwɛso ketewaa bi. Fa no sɛ wo nipadua yɛ ɔman a wɔabɔ ho ban yiye. Akorɔmfo ne atamfo betumi afi ɔman yi akyi aba. Ɛno kyerɛ nneɛma te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi, ne awuduru. Yɛfrɛ biribiara a epira yɛn nipadua na efi akyi no sɛ antigen . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, antigen yɛ ade a ɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu.
Afei, sɛ saa ntuafo yi (Antigen) hyɛn nipadua no mu a, yɛn ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu. Ntɛm ara na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne bi kɔ sɛ, "Obi a wonnim no reba ha!" Saa bere no, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ protein soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no antibody de ko tia saa ntua yi na ɛsɛe no. Enti, antibody te sɛ polisini anaa ɔsraani wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.
Asɛmfua foforo a wɔde kyerɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ne Immunoglobulin . Ebia wubehu sɛ wɔatwa din yi tiawa sɛ (Ig) wɔ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ ahorow bi so.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi? Ɛhe na wɔyɛ adwuma?
B nkwammoaa, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ adwuma sɛ adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔyɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi. Sɛ antigen anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi ne B nkwammoaa bi di nkitaho a, B nkwammoaa no mu paapae ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ ne ho mfonini mpempem pii. Yɛfrɛ saa nkwammoaa foforo yi plasma nkwammoaa. Ɛyɛ saa plasma nkwammoaa yi na ɛma nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ɔpepem pii na ɛma ɛkɔ mogya ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu no mu.
Afei saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi tu kwan fa nipadua no nyinaa mu, hwehwɛ saa ntuafo no, kyere wɔn, na wɔsɛe wɔn.
Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi wɔ mmeae pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu:
- Wɔ mogya no mu
- Wedeɛ
- Wɔ ahurututu mu
- Wɔ nusu mu
- Wɔ nnompe mu
- Titiriw wɔ nufusu mu
Yiw, nufusu a ɛyɛ den a ɛna no yi fi mu wɔ nna kakraa a edi kan wɔ akokoaa awo akyi, a wɔfrɛ no colostrum no mu no, nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa dɔɔso yiye. Ɛno nti na nufu a wɔma akokoaa no tumi ko tia nyarewa no yɛ kɛse no. Akokoaa no nya nneɛma a ɛbɔ ne ho ban no fi ɛna no nipadua mu tẽẽ.
Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ahodoɔ 5 na ɛwɔ hɔ - ɛnyɛ ne nyinaa na ɛyɛ adeɛ korɔ!
Sɛnea asraafo dɔm ahorow wɔ yɛn ahobammɔ asraafo mu no, wɔakyekyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw 5. Ɔkwan biara wɔ dwuma pɔtee bi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no su | Dwumadi titiriw ne nea ɛyɛ soronko |
|---|---|
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa G (IgG) . | Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Ɛyɛ eyinom na wɔkae nyarewa a atwam no na sɛ ɔyare mmoawa koro no ara san ba a, wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛko atia. Saa IgG antibodies yi nso twa awotwaa no mu na ɛbɔ akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa no mu no ho ban. |
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa A (IgA) . | Eyinom pii wɔ hwene, menewa, ahurututu, ne aduan mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ apon a mmoawa fa so hyɛn nipadua no mu. Wɔdɔɔso wɔ nufusu mu nso. |
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa M (IgM) . | Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa foforo bi ba nipadua no mu a, saa IgM asraafo yi na wodi kan kɔ ɔko. Ɛno nti na wɔsɔ IgM dodow hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔyare bi aba nnansa yi anaa. |
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa E (IgE) . | Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma titiriw wɔ akisikuru mu. IgE dodow kɔ soro bere a nipadua no yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma, pollen, ne nnuan bi ho no. Wɔko tia mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae nso. |
| Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa D (IgD) . | Wohu eyinom kakraa bi pɛ wɔ mogya no mu. Ɛwom sɛ wogye di sɛ wɔboa ma B nkwammoaa yɛ adwuma de, nanso wɔda so ara reyɛ wɔn dwumadi pɔtee ho nhwehwɛmu. |
Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔayɛ wɔ lab? Dɛn ne saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔfrɛ no monoclonal yi?
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a yɛn nipadua no nkutoo fi awosu mu yɛ no rentumi nko ntia yare bi. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, nyansahufo yɛ antibody soronko bi wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Wɔfrɛ eyinom sɛ Monoclonal Antibodies .
Eyinom te sɛ aprɛm a wɔde rekɔ ne botae so. Wɔayɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi sɛ ɛbɛtow ahyɛ nkwammoaa pɔtee bi (e.g., kokoram nkwammoaa) anaa protein a ɛde yare pɔtee bi ba nkutoo so na ɛtow hyɛ so. Wɔsan frɛ saa ayaresa kwan yi sɛ immunotherapy .
Mprempren wɔde saa ayaresa kwan yi di dwuma ma nyarewa dodow bi.
| Tebea horow bi a wɔde monoclonal antibody therapy di dwuma ma |
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Momma yɛnka mmere titiriw bi ho asɛm.
Sɛ yɛreka nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ho asɛm a, nsɛm pɔtee kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a yɛtaa te ho asɛm.
COVID-19 ne nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa
COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no nti, yɛn nyinaa fii ase tee antibodies ho asɛm.
- Sɛ wo ho atɔ wo wɔ COVID-19 mu a, wo nipadua anya antibodies a ɛtumi ko tia virus no.
- Sɛ wo nsa aka COVID-19 vaccine no a, ɛbɛkanyan wo nipadua no ma ayɛ antibodies nso.
- Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa: Sɛ obi a ne ho atɔ no wɔ COVID-19 mu nya vaccine no a, saa onipa no antibody response no mu yɛ den kɛseɛ. Ahobammɔ a ɛde ma no nso yɛ kɛse.
Wubetumi ayɛ antibody test ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ COVID antibodies wɔ wo nipadua mu anaa. Nanso, wɔda so ara rekɔ so ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ bere tenten a nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi kyɛ wɔ nipadua no mu no ho.
Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛtow hyɛ thyroid ntini no so) .
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso fi ase tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua no afã horow a ɛte apɔw so. Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ thyroid haw no wɔ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛtow hyɛ wɔn ankasa thyroid ntini so. Wɔfrɛ eyinom Thyroglobulin antibodies .Eyinom betumi ama thyroid ntini no ayɛ adwuma dodo (hyperthyroidism) anaasɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye (hypothyroidism).
Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ thyroid haw bi a, ebia ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mfa nhwɛ sɛnea nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi dodow te.
Nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa
Eyi ne "ankasa ntua" adwene a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no fã titiriw. Yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso bu protein ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so sɛ "ntuafo" na wofi ase tow hyɛ wɔn so. Wɔfrɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi autoantibodies .
Yɛfrɛ nyarewa a tebea yi de ba no sɛ nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa .
- Lupus a ɛyɛ hu
- Ntini a Ɛma Ntini Mu Nyarewa
- Hashimoto Yare no
- Asikreyare a Ɛto so 1
Nyarewa a ɛtete saa ho nhwɛso bi ne: ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) nhwehwɛmu no ne sɔhwɛ titiriw a wɔyɛ bere a wosusuw sɛ yare a ɛte saa bi wɔ hɔ no.
Esiane sɛ ANA nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo duruyɛfo hwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri. Enti sɛ wuhu amanneɛbɔ a ɛte saa a, mma wo ho nnpopo. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yɛ protein ahorow a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa, ɔyare mmoawa, ne awuduru ho.
- Wɔfrɛ biribi a epira yɛn nipadua fi abɔnten antigen, na wɔfrɛ biribi a ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛko atia no sɛ antibody.
- Nufusu, titiriw colostrum, bɔ nkokoaa ahobammɔ a ɛho hia efisɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa pii wom.
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yɛn ankasa nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi tow hyɛ yɛn nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi sɛ nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen bi fa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa, anaa tebea horow a wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ asɛm yi mu no biara ho a, yɛsrɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw ho.
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