Sɛ mpofirim ara wo ti yɛ wo yaw denneennen na wo ho yɛ wo hyew kɛse a, dɛn na wubesusuw? Anaasɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ wo ba ketewa no resu a onnyae, ɔnnom nufusu, na ɔte sɛ nea onni nkwa koraa a atiridii wom a? Ehu kɛse biako a ɛba yɛn adwene mu wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu ne "amemene mu atiridii." Ɛnnɛ yɛreka Bacterial Meningitis, tebea a emu yɛ den a obiara suro, nanso sɛ wɔbɔ wo amanneɛ yiye a, ebetumi agye nkwa ho asɛm.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne meningitis?
Susuw yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo ho sɛ nneɛma a ɛsom bo. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔabɔ nneɛma a ɛsom bo yi ho ban no, abɔde de nkataso a wɔde ntama a ɛyɛ tratraa abiɛsa ayɛ ama. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ ɛkata meninges no so. Enti, sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa bi, hyɛn saa kataso yi mu, de ɔyare mmoawa bi ba hɔ, na efi ase hohoro a, yɛfrɛ no Bacterial Meningitis .
Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ hu paa. Efisɛ saa ahonhon yi betumi asiw mogya a ɛkɔ amemene no mu ano, ama amemene no asɛe, abubu, akisikuru, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a owu wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu. Enti, wobu eyi sɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda ɔyare mmoawa ne ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma obi nya meningitis ntam?
Sɛ yɛka sɛ "meningitis" a, na yɛreka ahorow abien ho asɛm titiriw. Eyinom ne ɔyare mmoawa ne ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma obi nya adwenemhaw. Ɛwom sɛ abien no nyinaa fa amemene no kataso a ɛyɛ hyew ho de, nanso nsonsonoe kɛse da abien no ntam.
Viral meningitis ne nea abu so sen biara. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ den te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa no. Mpɛn pii no, ɛsa a wɔmfa ayaresa titiriw biara nka ho. Nanso, ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma obi ho kyere no yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den a ehia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea na wɔsa no yare ntɛm ara.
Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhunu - dɛn ne nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ no?
Ade a ɛyɛ hu sen biara wɔ saa yare yi ho ne sɛ, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ada adi ntɛm ara, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 akyi bere a ɔyare mmoawa no akɔ nipadua no mu. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wohu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ mmofra a wɔanyinyin ne mpanyimfo mu
- Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den a ɛba mpofirim.
- Tiyɛ a wontumi nnyina ano.
- Kɔn a ɛyɛ den : Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi. Kɔn no yɛ den , na ɛmma wuntumi mfa wo hwene nto wo moma so.
- Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann: Hann ho nkate (Photophobia). Aniwa no te sɛ nea ɛredan bruu bere a wohu hann bi no.
- Ɔfe ne akisikuru.
- Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa: Nkate a ɛma obi adwene tu fra, a ɔkasa te sɛ nsɛmfua a ɛyɛ basaa.
- Dae a obi da ne abufuw.
- Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no , akisikuru ne akisikuru betumi aba.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ nkokoaa ne mmofra nkumaa mu
Nkokoaa nkumaa ntumi nka sɛ "Me ti ayɛ me yaw." Enti wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne yɛ soronko kakra. Sɛ́ awofo no, ɛsɛ sɛ mohwɛ yiye paa wɔ eyi ho.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Atiridii ne ɔfe | Nipadua mu hyew betumi akɔ soro, na abofra no betumi afe nea odi anaa ɔnom biara. Ebia wɔbɛpow nso sɛ wɔbɛnom nufusu. |
| Dae a ɛyɛ soronko | Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkanyan akokoaa no. Ɔnbɔ sɛnea ɔtaa bɔ no, ɔyɛ lethargic paa. |
| Su a wɔtaa su ne abufuw | Wosu bere nyinaa a ntease biara nnim, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyekye wɔn werɛ, na ebia mpo sɛ wɔbɛpow sɛ wɔbɛka wɔn. |
| Bulging "pit" wɔ moma so | Ɛte sɛ nea baabi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ akokoaa no ti atifi a wɔfrɛ no "fontanelle" no pue kɔ n'anim. Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛho hia yiye. |
| Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no | Tebea horow te sɛ nipadua a ɛwosow ne akisikuru betumi aba. |
Sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) a ntwentwɛn wo nan ase.Eyi nyɛ yare a wobetumi de asie wɔ fie.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa yare yi sɔre? Mmoawa bɛn na ɛde ba?
Ɛwom sɛ mmoawa ahorow bɛyɛ 50 na wobetumi de saa yare yi aba de, nanso ahorow kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔtaa hu.
- Kuw B *Streptococcus* a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
- *Streptococcus ahurututu mu yare* (ahurututu mu yare) .
- *Neisseria meningitidis* (a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew) .
- *Haemophilus atiridiinini* .
- *Listeria monocytogenes a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu*
- *Escherichia coli* (E. a ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa) .
Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ saa mmoawa yi mu pii tumi tra nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, a yɛn hwene ne yɛn menewa ka ho, a ɛrempira hwee. Ebia onipa a ɔwɔ bi no rennyare, nanso wobetumi de mmoawa no akɔ obi foforo nkyɛn.
Mpɛn pii no, saa mmoawa yi nam obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no a ɔne no di nkitaho kɛse so na ɛtrɛw. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ yare no betumi atrɛw akɔ afoforo mu denam ɔhome mu nsu a ɛba bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kɔfe, ɔfefe, anaa ɔfew n’ano no so .
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu?
Mmofra a wɔadi fi ɔsram biako kosi mfe abien na asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobenya yare no. Nea ɛka ho no, mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ asiane ahorow bi nso betumi anya tebea no.
- Nnipa a nnubɔne anaa nsanom aka wɔn hɔ
- Nnipa a wɔtaa nya aso anaa hwene mu yare (nyarewa a enni sabea) .
- Nnipa a wɔapirapira wɔn ti kɛse
- Nnipa a wɔwɔ ahurututu mu yare (*Pneumococcal pneumonia*) .
- Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw (e.g. HIV, kokoram ayarefo) .
- Nnipa a wɔayɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ayi wɔn akyi berɛmo
- Nnipa a wɔwɔ sickle cell yare
- Nnipa a wɔayɛ wɔn amemene anaa akyi berɛmo oprehyɛn
Ɛnyɛ saa nnipa yi nko, na mmom mmeae a nnipa pii te bɛn hɔ te sɛ sukuupɔn mu adan a wɔda mu ne asraafo nsraban nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ yare yi bɛtrɛw.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare no na wɔsa?
Sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea a wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no a, oduruyɛfo no bedi kan abisa wo wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho asɛm na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Afei, wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no.
- Lumbar Puncture: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia sen biara. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode ade ketewaa bi bɛhyɛ w’akyi ase na woafa nsu ketewaa bi a atwa w’akyi berɛmo ho ahyia (amemene mu nsu - CSF). Eyi yɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra, nanso ɛho hia na ama wɔahu yare no. Wobetumi asɔ saa nsu yi ahwɛ ahwɛ sɛ mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa ne su ko.
- Mogya ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom nso betumi ama wɔanya ɔyare no ho nsɛm.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ nnuruyɛfo ntwɛn nea ebefi nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu aba. Wofi ase sa yare bere a wosusuw sɛ meningitis no ara pɛ a egyina sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so.
Nea ɛka ayaresa no ho ne nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde fa IV mu. Wɔde corticosteroids nso ma na ama akisikuru a ɛwɔ meninges no mu no so atew. Wogyina nea efii nhwehwɛmu no mu bae so paw aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛfata kɛse ma mmoawa a wɔde ɔyare no ba no na wɔtoa ayaresa no so.
So akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so asiw yare yi ano?
Yiw, asɛmpa no ne sɛ yɛwɔ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban fi mmoawa atitiriw pii a wɔde yare a ɛyɛ hu yi ba no ho.
- Meningococcal vaccine: Bɔ wo ho ban fi *N ho. meningitidis* mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba.
- Pneumococcal vaccine: Bɔ ho ban fi *S ho. pneumoniae* mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba.
- *Haemophilus influenzae* type b (Hib) vaccine: Bɔ wo ho ban fi *H ho. influenzae* mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba.
Saa nnuru yi nso ka yɛn man yi ɔman no mu nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ho nhyehyɛe no ho. Hwɛ w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ abusua akwahosan sohwɛfo na hwɛ sɛ wo ba no anya saa nnuru yi wɔ bere ano anaa.
Nneɛma a wubetumi ayɛ a ɛka nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ho
- Wɔ ɛnanom a wɔyem fam no: Ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ Kuw B Streptococcus ho wɔ bɛyɛ adapɛn 36 anaa 37 wɔ nyinsɛn no mu. Sɛ wowɔ ɔyare no a, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa na amma ɔyare no antrɛw ankɔ wo ba no so bere a ɔrewo no.
- Kwati sigaretnom.
- Da yiye na kura asetra kwan a ahoɔden wom mu.
- Twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho.
- Fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye bere nyinaa.
- Sɛ wofefe anaa wofefe a, fa ntini anaa wo nsateaa kata w’ano ne wo hwene so.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Bacterial meningitis yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Tebea no betumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi akyi bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne afi ase no.
- Atiridiinini kɛse a efi ase mpofirim, tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, ne kɔn a ɛyɛ den na ontumi mfa ne nsa nka abɔso no nkɔ koko mu no ne kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw abiɛsa a ɛwɔ mpanyimfo mu.
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ nkokoaa nkumaa mu no gu ahorow. Hwɛ yiye sɛ wobɛda soronko, osu a ennyae, ne akisikuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ wo ti atifi .
- Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ntra fie na nkɔ ayaresabea Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ntɛm ara.
- Sɛ wohu ntɛm na wofi nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ase a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no koraa no yɛ kɛse yiye.
- Nnuru a etu mpɔn wɔ hɔ a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban fi saa yare yi ho. Nya wo ne wo mma vaccines wɔ bere ano.
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