Sɛ wɔyɛ wo nufu mu nhwehwɛmu, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nufu mu nhwehwɛmu anaa ultrasound, na wonya amanneɛbɔ no a, ebia wobɛte ehu kakra nka na wopɛ sɛ wuhu bere a wuhu nsɛmfua ne nɔma ahorow a ɛwɔ so no. Titiriw sɛ ɛka sɛ ‘BI-RADS’ a nɔma bi wom a, ebia wubesusuw sɛ, ‘Oo, dɛn ne eyi?’ Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata ankasa. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea BI-RADS yɛ, nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa, ne sɛnea ebetumi aka w’akwahosan ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne BI-RADS wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, BI-RADS yɛ “Nufu mu Mfoniniyɛ-Amanneɛbɔ ne Data Nhyehyɛe” no tiawa. Eyi yɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a radiologistfo de kyerɛkyerɛ wo nufu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ ahorow mu. Fa no sɛ, ɛmfa ho baabi a wowɔ wɔ Sri Lanka anaa wiase baabiara no, obiara ka kasa koro. Saa nhyehyɛe yi de sɔhwɛ ahorow a woayɛ no di dwuma, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ:
- Nufu mu nhwehwɛmu
- Nufu mu Ultrasound a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma
- MRI scan a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu
Bɔ nea efi sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ.
Nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na wɔde nhyehyɛe yi bae.
1. Fa gyinapɛn biako ba amanneɛbɔ mu: Ɛmfa ho baabi a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ bi wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔbɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so. Saa kwan yi so no, adwene mu naayɛ biara remma bere a wode wo ho nsɛm rekɔma oduruyɛfo biako no. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ obiara betumi ate ase.
2. Ka asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nufu mu kokoram ho asɛm pefee: Saa kwan yi ma wonya asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nufu mu kokoram no nkyekyem a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛte ase.
Ebia w’amanneɛbɔ no nni BI-RADS nɔma a wɔakyerɛw no tuntum. Nanso, wɔde bɛka amanneɛbɔ a edi mũ a wo duruyɛfo benya no ho. Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo no ho asɛm.
BI-RADS nkyekyɛmu ne nea ɛkyerɛ
BI-RADS nhyehyeɛ no wɔ nkyekyɛmu a ɛfiri 0 kɔsi 6. Saa nɔma yi mu biara ka asɛm soronko. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea emu biara kyerɛ, ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ akyi wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu.
| BI-RADS nɔma | Kyerɛ | Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi |
|---|---|---|
| BI-RADS 0. Nnipa a wɔte saa | Sɔhwɛ no nwiei. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wontumi nnya asɛm biara efisɛ mfonini ahorow a wɔanya no mu nna hɔ anaasɛ nsɛm foforo ho hia. Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ mfomso bi wɔ hɔ. | Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wode toto wo mammogram amanneɛbɔ dedaw no ho anaasɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo (e.g., mammogram foforo, ultrasound scan). |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 1 | Ɔhaw biara nni hɔ (Negative) . Eyi ne nea eye sen biara a efi mu ba. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ akuru anaa nsakrae biara nni wo nufu mu a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ. | Nya nhwehwɛmu daa wɔ bere a ɛfata mu a egyina mfe a woadi ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ so. |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 2 | Nhwehwɛmu a Ɛnyɛ Den Eyi nso kyerɛ sɛ kokoram biara nni hɔ. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ kokoram (e.g. cysts, fibroadenomas) a wobetumi ahu. Eyinom nyɛ asiane. | Eyi nso yɛ tebea a ɛfata. Nya nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ bere a ɛfata mu. |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 3 | Ebia ɛyɛ Benign Nea wuhu wɔ eyi mu no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kokoram 98%. Nanso asiane ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ efisɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ nokware 100%. | Mpɛn pii no oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wonni akyi bere tiaa bi wɔ bɛyɛ asram 6 mu na ama wɔahwɛ sɛ nneɛma asesa anaa. |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 4 | Susu sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɛno Eyi ne dodow a ɛma nnipa pii suro. Nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ "ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ, enti momma yɛnhwɛ mu nkɔ akyiri." | Ɛda adi kɛse sɛ oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ biopsy , a ɛne sɛ wobeyi ntini bi afi mu de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu. |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 5 | Ɛkyerɛ sɛ Ɛyɛ Atirimɔdensɛm Kɛse Sɛ wogyina sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wohu wɔ asɛm yi mu so a, kokoram a ebetumi aba no dɔɔso yiye (bɛboro 95%). | Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ biopsy na ama wɔatumi asi so dua. |
| BI-RADS NKYERƐKYERƐMU 6 | Biopsy-Proven Malignancy a Wonim Wonya eyi wɔ sɔhwɛ bi a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔayɛ ayaresa (e.g., ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn) bere a wɔadi kan ayɛ biopsy akyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ akyi. | Wɔbɛyɛ adwuma foforo sɛnea ayaresa nhyehyɛe a oduruyɛfo no akyerɛ no te. |
Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ BI-RADS nhyehyɛe no so?
Saa kwan yi so wɔ mfaso kɛse ma nnuruyɛfo ne ayarefo nyinaa.
- Gyinapɛn: Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi a ɔwɔ Colombo, Sri Lanka, ne oduruyɛfo bi a ɔwɔ Jaffna ka sɛ BI-RADS 4 a, ɛkyerɛ ade koro. Eyi brɛ hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobedi mfomso ne adwene a ɛyɛ basaa wɔ w’amanneɛbɔ ahorow ntease mu no ase kɛse.
- Asiane Ho Nhwehwɛmu: Saa nkyekyɛmu yi ma wunya asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no ho adwene a ɛyɛ den, na ɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma osi ntɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo ho gyinae.
- Adwumayɛ a Etu mpɔn: Sɛ́ anka ɛho behia sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ amanneɛbɔ biara mu kɔ akyiri no, eyi ma radiologistfo bere nsɛe denam wɔn a wɔkyekyɛ mu akuwakuw no so.
So sintɔ biara nni ɔkwan yi so?
Te sɛ ɔkwan biara no, eyi wɔ anohyeto nketenkete kakraa bi.
- Subjectivity: Onipa kyekyɛ scan mfonini bi mu. Enti, wɔ ɔkwan ketewaa bi so no, nea mframa ho ɔbenfo bi hu no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ nea oduruyɛfo foforo hu no ho.
- Atoro Nea Efi Mu Ba: Ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa de , nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a sɔhwɛ bi betumi abɔ nea efi mu ba a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ (atoro a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram biara nni hɔ) ho amanneɛ bere a kokoram biara nni hɔ no, anaasɛ nhwehwɛmu betumi abɔ amanneɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ papa (atoro a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa). Eyi betumi ama wɔahaw a ɛho nhia anaasɛ akyɛ sɛnea wobehu yare no. Nanso, ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ eyi yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi koraa.
- Nsɛm pɔtee a wonni (Unspecific):BI-RADS nɔma no kyerɛ wo sɛ ebia biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ anaasɛ ɛnte saa nkutoo. Ɛmfa nsɛm a emu dɔ biara mma wɔ beae ko a adwenem naayɛ wɔ hɔ anaa nea ɛyɛ ne su ho. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu.
So BI-RADS 4 kyerɛ kokoram?
Eyi ne asɛmmisa kɛse a nnipa pii wɔ. Mmuae no ne sɛ, dabi.
BI-RADS 4 nkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nea efi wo scan no mu ba no yɛ "adwenem naayɛ." Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnyɛ saa. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no betumi afi nea ɛba fam koraa so akosi kɛse. Ɛno nti na wɔyɛ biopsy de hu no yiye no.
BI-RADS 4 nkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ, ‘Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ eyi mu kɔ akyiri, enti momma yɛnkɔ anammɔn a edi hɔ no so.’
Enti sɛ w’amanneɛbɔ no ka sɛ BI-RADS 4 a, mma ɛnhaw wo a ɛho nhia. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ wo duruyɛfo no de wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- BI-RADS yɛ gyinapɛn a wogye tom wɔ wiase nyinaa a wɔde kyekyɛ nea efi wo nufu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ mu (mammogram, ultrasound) mu ba no mu.
- Saa nɔma yi kyerɛ wo nea asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram wɔ wo mu ne anammɔn a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi.
- BI-RADS 1 ne 2 kyerɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba pa a ɔhaw biara nni ho.
- Sɛ mpo wunya nkontabuo a ɛkorɔn te sɛ BI-RADS 4 anaa 5 a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram. Nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ ‘ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ na ehia sɛ wɔsɔ hwɛ bio.’
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa BI-RADS nɔma a ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ so no ho a, mma wo ho nnpopo na wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ho asɛm. Ɔno nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ma wo tebea no mu pɛpɛɛpɛ.
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