Sɛ obi bisa wo sɛ, "Wo mogya yɛ dɛn?", so wubenya mmuae? Nnipa binom yɛ saa, nanso nnipa dodow no ara nnim no yiye. Wo mogya a wubehu no ho hia ankasa nnansa yi. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ akwanhyia bi si, oprehyɛn, anaa bere a wonyinsɛn a, saa nsɛm ketewaa yi betumi aboa ma woagye wo nkwa. Enti, mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka mogya ahorow ho asɛmti no ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a obiara betumi ate ase.
Dɛn ankasa ne mogya su?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya bi yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyerɛ sɛ wo mogya ne obi foforo mogya hyia anaa. Ɛte sɛ nea wowɔ size a wode bɛhyɛ ntade.
Protein ahorow titiriw abien a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani titiriw na ɛma nkyekyɛmu yi nya nkɛntɛnso. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa antigen ahorow yi . Fa no sɛ edin nketewa a wɔde abata mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ho. Saa din ahorow abien yi ne ‘A’ antigen ne ‘B’ antigen .
Mogya ahorow atitiriw 4 na ɛwɔ hɔ a egyina sɛ ebia saa antigens yi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ, ne nea ɛyɛ so.
- Type A: Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no wɔ A antigen nkutoo.
- Type B: B antigen nkutoo na ɛwɔ.
- Type AB: Ɛwɔ A ne B antigens nyinaa.
- Type O: Ɛnyɛ A anaa B antigens biara.
Nea ɛka ho no, ade foforo a ɛho hia wɔ hɔ, na ɛno ne Rh factor . Eyi yɛ protein foforo a wobetumi ahu wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no ani.
- Sɛ wowɔ Rh factor yi wɔ wo mogya mu a, wo mogya yɛ papa (+) .
- Sɛ Rh factor no nni hɔ a, mogya no yɛ nea enye (-) .
Sɛ saa abien yi bom a, mogya ahorow atitiriw 8 a yɛn nyinaa ate ho asɛm no hyehyɛ:
1. Asɛm a Ɛyɛ Pa (A+) .
2. Asɛm a enye (A-) .
3. B Adepa (B+) .
4. B Nea enye (B-) .
5. AB Positive (AB+) .
6. AB Asɛmmɔne (AB-) .
7. O Adepa (O+) .
8. O Nea enye (O-) .
Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ mogya ahorow hyia?
Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Sɛ wɔde mogya rema obi (Blood Transfusion) a, ɛho hia sɛ nea ɔde mogya ma no ne nea wɔde ma no no mogya ahorow hyia.
Fa wo nipadua no sɛ ɔman a ɛwɔ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe pa. Wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ saa ɔman no asraafo. Saa asraafo dɔm yi hu nkwammoaa biara a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu. Nanso, sɛ ehu biribi a ɛnyɛ nipadua no dea na efi abɔnten (te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa) a, saa asraafo dɔm yi tow hyɛ so na wɔsɛe no.
Saa ara na ɛba bere a mogya bi a ɛne ne ho nhyia hyɛn nipadua no mu no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔma obi a ɔwɔ mogya a ɛyɛ ‘B’ a, onipa a ɔwɔ mogya a ɛyɛ ‘A’ no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no behu mogya mu nkwammoaa ‘B’ a ɛreba no sɛ ɔtamfo. Afei ɛbɛtow ahyɛ saa ‘B’ mogya nkwammoaa no so na asɛe. Saa adeyɛ yi betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye, na ɛde asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a owu.
Ɛno nti ansa na wɔde mogya bɛma no, nnuruyɛfo ne mogyakorabea ho abenfo hwɛ sɛ mogya ahorow no hyia anaa.
| Wo Mogya Ahorow | Mogya Ahorow a Wubetumi Anya |
|---|---|
| A+ na ɛyɛ | A+, A-, O+, O- . |
| BI- | A-, O- . |
| B+ | B+, B-, O+, O- . |
| B- . | B-, O- . |
| AB+ na ɛwɔ hɔ | Mogya biara (Amansan nyinaa Recipient) . |
| AB- . | AB-, A-, B-, O- . |
| O+ | O+, O- . |
| O- . | O- nko ara . Nanso obiara betumi de mogya ama (Universal Donor) . |
Hena ne saa ‘Amansan nyinaa Ɔdemafo’ ne ‘Amansan nyinaa Ogyefo’ yi?
Wɔfrɛ O mogya a ɛnyɛ papa (O-) "Amansan nyinaa Ɔmafo" . Ɛne sɛ, wobetumi de mogya a ɛyɛ type O- ama obi a ɔwɔ mogya biara. Efisɛ saa mogya nkwammoaa no nni A, B, anaa Rh antigens a yɛkaa ho asɛm no biara. Enti, onipa a ogye mogya no nipadua nhu sɛ ɛyɛ ɔtamfo. Sɛ wɔde obi ba ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) wɔ akwanhyia bi akyi, na bere nni hɔ a wɔde bɛsɔ mogya no mu ahwɛ a, nnuruyɛfo taa ma O- mogya.
Wɔfrɛ mogya a ɛwɔ AB a ɛyɛ papa (AB+) sɛ "Amansan nyinaa mu Ogyefo." Wei kyerɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ AB+ mogya betumi anya mogya afi mogya biara mu. Esiane sɛ wɔwɔ antigens abiɛsa no nyinaa wɔ wɔn mogya mu, A, B, ne Rh nti, wogye mogya biara a efi abɔnten tom sɛ "wɔn ankasa de."
Ɔkwan bɛn so na mogya su ho hia wɔ nyinsɛn mu?
Ɛho hia yiye sɛ ɛna a onyinsɛn hu ne mogya su, titiriw Rh factor.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛna no mogya yɛ Rh negative (-) , nanso agya no mogya yɛ Rh positive (+) a, ɛda adi sɛ akokoaa no mogya a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu no yɛ Rh positive (+). Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, sɛ ɛna no ne akokoaa no mogya frafra ɔkwan bi so (titiriw bere a wɔrewo) a, ɛna no nipadua hu akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ Rh a ɛyɛ papa no sɛ "ɔtamfo". Afei efi ase yɛ nnuru a ɛko tia wɔn.
Ebia eyi rennya nyinsɛn a edi kan no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nanso, sɛ wonyinsɛn akokoaa a ɔwɔ Rh ne mprenu so a, nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛna no nipadua no yɛe kan no betumi atwa awotwaa no mu na afi ase asɛe akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no. Eyi yɛ asiane kɛse ma akokoaa no.
Nanso mma eyi ho nhaw wo. Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ wo nyinsɛn mu a, nhwehwɛmu a edi kan a wobɛyɛ no mu biako ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo mogya mu. Sɛ wowɔ Rh negative a, wo duruyɛfo no de n’adwene besi saa asɛm no so titiriw. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wɔde aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) bɛma wɔ bere a ɛfata mu na amma akokoaa no mogya mu nkwammoaa ansɛe no.
Meyɛ dɛn hu me mogya su?
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ahu wo mogya su.
- Bisa wo duruyɛfo: Sɛ biribi nti na wɔayɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn a, ebia wɔbɛkyerɛw wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ w’aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu.
- Fa mogya ma:Eyi ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara na ɛsom bo sen biara. Sɛ wode mogya ma a, Ɔman Mogya Ho Dwumadibea no hwehwɛ wo mogya mu kwa na wɔma wo krataa. Sɛ wode di dwuma a, wubetumi ahu wo mogya na woagye obi nkwa.
- Yɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu: Wubetumi ahu wo mogya su denam mogya a wode bɛma wɔ ayaresabea anaa ankorankoro aduruyɛdan biara mu no so.
Mpɛn pii no, obi mogya nsakra wɔ n’asetra nyinaa mu. Nanso, wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi koraa, te sɛ nnompe mu ntini a wɔde ma obi foforo, anaa wɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi te sɛ mogya mu kokoram mu no, mogya su betumi asesa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Wo mogya su a wubehu no ho hia yiye wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu, bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn, anaa bere a wode mogya rema no.
- Nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya a ɛnyɛ type O (O-) betumi de mogya ama obiara (Universal Donor), bere a nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya a ɛnyɛ type AB (AB+) no betumi anya mogya biara (Universal Recipient).
- Sɛ woanyinsɛn a, ɛho hia sɛ wobɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ wɔ wo mogya mu, titiriw Rh factor (+/-).
- Sɛ wunnim wo mogya su a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubehu denam mogya a wode bɛma anaa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den so.
- Sɛ wowɔ mogya ahorow ne akwahosan ho haw bi a, hwehwɛ afotu fi oduruyɛfo (oduruyɛfo) a ɔfata hɔ bere nyinaa.
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