So woasusuw nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu de bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho no ho pɛn? Te sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ɔman bi ho ban no, yɛn nipadua nso wɔ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ano yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no Immune System. Saa nhyehyɛe yi wɔ nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛte sɛ asraafo. Nanso ɔfã foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛboa asraafo dɔm titiriw yi, te sɛ asraafo dɔm titiriw a wɔyɛ ntɛmntɛm yiye. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no Complement System. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka saa kokoam tumi yi ho asɛm.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Complement System no?
Complement System no yɛ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã. Wɔfrɛ no "Complement" efisɛ edi dwuma titiriw bi wɔ "complementing" anaa "boa" nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu no adwuma mu. Fa no sɛ w’adamfo paa a ɔwɔ hɔ bere nyinaa sɛ ɔbɛboa wo.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne ahobammɔ a edi kan wɔ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe mu. Ɛno na ɛyɛ adwuma na ɛde kɔkɔbɔ ahorow ma bere a ɔtamfo te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi hyɛn nipadua no mu ara pɛ. Afei nso, n’adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ebeyi nkwammoaa a apirapira afi hɔ bere a akwanhyia bi asi akyi na aboa ma wɔasa saa mmeae no yare.
Dɛn ne nhyehyɛe yi dwumadi atitiriw?
Saa nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma bere a ohu ɔtamfo bi a ofi abɔnten (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare mmoawa bi). Afei, nneɛma atitiriw a ɛkɔ so ni:
- Atamfo a wɔde wɔn ani si wɔn so: Wohu nneɛma a epira te sɛ mmoawa a wɔahyɛne nipadua no mu, abata wɔn ho, na wɔka kyerɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu sɛ, "Eyi yɛ ɔtamfo." Ɛte sɛ nea wode paint reyɛ ɔtamfo nipadua ho adwini na ama ayɛ mmerɛw ama afoforo sɛ wobehu.
- Nea Ɛde Ɔfe ba: Sɛ wupira a, baabi no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, na ɛyɛ hyew, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea ɔfe yɛ. Eyi yɛ ade pa ankasa. Ɛma mogya pii sen kɔ beae no, na ɛde mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii ba ma ɛko tia mmoawa. Boa a wɔbɛboa ma wɔafi saa adeyɛ yi ase no yɛ Complement System no adwuma titiriw.
- Yi atamfo fi hɔ: Sɛ wohu atamfo pɛ a, nhyehyɛe yi boa ma wɔsɛe wɔn tẽẽ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa protein ahorow yi bom yɛ ntokuru wɔ ɔyare mmoawa no nkwammoaa fasu mu, na ɛsɛe no. Wɔboa nso ma woyi atamfo a wɔasɛe wɔn no asinasin ne nkwammoaa a wɔawuwu fi hɔ.
Dɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛɛ nhyehyɛe yi? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛyɛ adwuma?
Protein na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi. Ɛwɔ protein bɛyɛ 50 a ɛsensɛn yɛn mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu a wɔfrɛ no plasma no mu, na ɛyɛ nketewa araa ma wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete nkutoo na etumi hu. Yɛfrɛ eyinom plasma protein ahorow .
Wɔyɛ saa protein ahorow yi wɔ yɛn mmerɛbo mu. Afei wɔboaboa ano wɔ mogya ne nipadua no mu ntini afoforo mu, na wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ adwuma bere biara.
Nanso ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, mpɛn pii no saa protein ahorow yi wɔ tebea a "ɛnyɛ adwuma" mu. Te sɛ nea wɔada. Ɛnyɛ wɔn adwuma kɛkɛ na wɔyɛ. Wɔsɔre bere a nipadua no apira anaa bere a ɔtamfo bi te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa hyɛn mu nkutoo.
Cascade a ɛwɔ nsuo mu
Ɔkwan a protein ahorow yi fa so nyane no yɛ nwonwa. Ɛte sɛ domino ahorow a ɛtoatoa so a ɛrehwe ase.
Fa no sɛ wowɔ domino ahorow a ɛtoatoa so. Sɛ wode wo nsateaa bɔ domino a edi kan no a, dɛn na ɛba? Ɛhwe ase na ɛba fam wɔ domino a edi hɔ no so. Ɛno ma domino a edi hɔ no hwe ase. Na nea ɛkeka ho ne nea ɛkeka ho kosi sɛ wubedu domino a etwa to no so, ɛnte saa?
Protein ahorow a ɛwɔ complement system no mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so. Ade bi a ɛkanyan protein no ma protein a edi kan no yɛ adwuma. Afei ɛma protein a edi hɔ no yɛ adwuma. Na afei nea edi hɔ no... ne nea ɛkeka ho, wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ eyi "cascade." Bere a protein biara reyɛ adwuma no, emu biara yɛ n’ankasa ahobammɔ adwuma na ɛde nkrasɛm no kɔ nea edi hɔ no nkyɛn.
Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ complement system no mu a, nyarewa bɛn na ebetumi aba?
Saa nhyehyɛe yi ho hia yɛn nipadua araa ma mmerɛwyɛ anaa dwumadi a ɛboro so biara a ɛwɔ mu no betumi de akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den aba. Ɔhaw atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ ha:
1. Complement nhyehyɛe no a enni hɔ: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ protein ahorow a ɛwɔ saa nhyehyɛe yi mu no nnɔɔso, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔ mmere a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw. Afei, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛtaa anya ɔyare mmoawa, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa a efi ɔyare mmoawa mu no yɛ kɛse koraa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nyarewa yi betumi ayɛ kɛse na mpo ɛde tebea horow a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu te sɛ sepsis .
2. Complement system no dwumadi boro so: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ saa nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ. Wɔtaa yɛ adwuma a ntease biara nnim. Sɛ eyi ba a, ɛnyɛ atamfo a wɔahyɛn nipadua no mu nko na nhyehyɛe yi fi ase tow hyɛ wɔn so, na mmom n’ankasa nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nso. Yɛfrɛ eyi nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa .
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nhyehyɛe yi te sɛ ɔwɛmfo. Sɛ ɔwɛmfo no da a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ akorɔmfo betumi akɔ fie hɔ (disadvantage). Sɛ ɔwɛmfo no ho yeraw no dodo na ofi ase tow hyɛ abusua no mufo so a, ɛno nso yɛ ɔhaw (adeyɛ a ɛboro so).
| Aduruyɛ mu tebea | Abusuabɔ a ɛda Complement System no ntam |
|---|---|
| Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew | Sɛ nhyehyɛe no yɛ adwuma boro so a, ebetumi ama ɔfe a ɛwɔ ɔhome akwaa no mu no ayɛ kɛse. |
| Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu | Wɔ ahorow bi mu no, nhyehyɛe yi boa ma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sɛe. |
| Kokoram - s.e. mogya mu kokoram, lymphoma | Kokoram nkwammoaa binom de akwan horow di dwuma de kwati nhyehyɛe yi, na ayaresa ahorow bi de wɔn ani si nhyehyɛe yi so. |
| Asaabo mu yare | Sɛ nhyehyɛe no yɛ adwuma boro so a, ebetumi asɛe asaabo no. |
| Macular degeneration a ɛyɛ mmerɛw | Saa yare yi a ɛsɛe aniwa no retina no nso ne sɛnea complement system no yɛ adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. |
| Ntini mu yare a ɛma ntini mu yare | Eyi yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, na complement system no boa ma nkwaa no sɛe. |
Dɛn na ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw a ɛte sɛɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Sɛ complement system no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, na ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Nyarewa a wɔtaa nya | Esiane sɛ nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa nti, nyarewa te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne ahurututu mu yare betumi aba mpɛn pii. |
| Ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ a ɛkɔ so daa | Ebia wobɛte ɔbrɛ kɛse nka esiane sɛ ɔko bi kɔ so bere nyinaa wɔ wo nipadua mu anaasɛ esiane sɛ wo nhyehyɛe no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye nti. |
| Nkwaa mu yaw | Nkwaa mu ahonhon ne ɛyaw betumi aba, titiriw wɔ nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no mu. |
| Nsuo a ɛhoa (ɔfe) . | Nipadua no afã horow, titiriw nkwaa ne honam ani betumi ahonhon. |
Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi, titiriw sɛ ɛtaa ba a , mma ɛnhaw wo na akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn .
Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe yi akwahosan te?
Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi gyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so susuw sɛ saa nhyehyɛe yi a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de asi so dua.
Nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia sen biara ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔfrɛ no complement test . Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wubegye mogya ketewaa bi afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu na woasusuw protein ahorow a ɛka ho dodow a ɛwɔ mu ne sɛnea ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye no.
Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu nneɛma te sɛ:
- Dɛn nti na wotaa nya nyarewa saa?
- Dɛn na ɛde wo yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no ba na n’ayaresa ahorow no tu mpɔn dɛn?
- Wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no nyinaa akwahosan te dɛn?
Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ mogya a wɔkan koraa ne immunoglobulin dodow.
Dɛn na woreyɛ sɛ ayaresa?
Ayaresa gyina ɔhaw a wowɔ no so, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe no a enni hɔ anaasɛ ɛyɛ adwuma boro so. Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ ayaresa mu ne sɛ wobedi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na wɔakari pɛ wɔ nhyehyɛe no dwumadi mu.
- Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma de sa ɔyare mmoawa a wɔtaa nya esiane nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw nti na wɔasiw ano.
- Ayaresa a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Sɛ wowɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma dodo na ɛtow hyɛ w’ankasa nipadua so a, wɔde nnuru yi ma na ama nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ brɛoo.
- Mogya anaa mogya mu a wɔde ma: Sɛ protein a ɛka ho no ho nhia kɛse a, wobetumi de saa protein ahorow no aba nipadua no mu denam mogya a wɔde ma wɔ abɔnten so.
- Vaccination: Esiane sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw nti, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa vaccine te sɛ pneumococcal disease , na ama woabɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ho.
- Nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram: Sɛ ɔhaw no fa kokoram ho a, wɔbɛkyerɛw ayaresa a ɛfata ama.
Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn ama yɛn complement system no anya apɔwmuden?
Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, wuntumi nsɔ/dum switch bi a ɛwɔ complement system no mu tẽẽ. Yɛrentumi nsakra ne dwumadi no tẽẽ. Nanso, yebetumi ama yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa nyinaa ayɛ den na yɛanya apɔwmuden. Afei complement system no nso bɛyɛ adwuma yiye.
Enti, yɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den yi na ama woahwɛ wo nipadua nyinaa yiye:
- Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ: Di aduan pa a nhabannuru, nnuaba, ne protein a ɛho tew ka ho.
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, fa simma 30 teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu denneennen da biara.
- Ma wo ho tew: Hohoro wo nsa yiye ansa na woadi ne bere a woakɔ tiafi awie no.
- Da sɛnea ɛsɛ: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, da yiye nnɔnhwerew 7-8 da biara. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no siesie ne ho bere a yɛda no.
- Bɔ wo ho ban fi opira ho: Fa ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe di dwuma bere a woreyɛ nnwuma a asiane wom no.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Complement system no yɛ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã. Ɛyɛ ahobammɔ a edi kan a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa ho.
- Protein a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe yi mu a enni hɔ no betumi ama wanya ɔyare mmoawa mpɛn pii, na sɛ obi yɛ adwuma boro so a, ebetumi ama obi anya nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
- Sɛ wotaa yare, wote nka sɛ woabrɛ paa, anaasɛ wo nkwaa mu yɛ wo yaw a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo kasa a wummu w’ani ngu so.
- Ɛwom sɛ yentumi nni nhyehyɛe yi so tẽẽ de, nanso yebetumi ama yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa nyinaa ayɛ den denam asetra pa (aduan pa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, nna) so.
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