Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa Gene Testing ho!

So woate ‘DNA nhwehwɛmu’ anaa ‘awosu mu abɔde mu nhwehwɛmu’ ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo, anaasɛ woahu wɔ sini bi mu wɔ TV so. Dɛn na ɛyɛ ankasa? Ɛnyɛ nyarewa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nko na ebetumi ama yɛanya nsɛm a ɛsom bo, na mmom yɛn awosu nso. Momma yɛnka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ankasa ne DNA nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, DNA nhwehwɛmu, anaa awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, hwehwɛ nsakrae a ɛwɔ w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm, wo nkwaadɔm, ne DNA mu. Fa eyinom sɛ ‘akwankyerɛ’ a ɛhwɛ biribiara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu so. Ɛnyɛ sɛ yɛn tenten, yɛn aniwa kɔla, ne yɛn ti nhwi kɔla nko na egyina saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi so, na mmom ɛno nso na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebenya nyarewa bi.

Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa yɛn ma yɛanya nsɛntitiriw pii ho ntease kɛse:

• Si so dua sɛ yare pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ: Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ mpo a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa ma wohu sɛnea yare no te ankasa.
• Hu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare bi daakye: Nyarewa bi, sɛ nhwɛso no, kokoram ahorow bi wɔ awosu mu nkɛntɛnso wɔ wɔn nkɔso so. Enti wubetumi adi kan ahu sɛ wowɔ asiane mu anaa.
• Sua awosu mu tebea horow a wubetumi de ama wo ba no ho ade: Sɛ woankyerɛ awosu mu tebea horow bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne mpo a, ebia woyɛ ‘ɔdefo’ a ɔwɔ tebea no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi de awosu mu abɔde a wɔasesa no akɔma wo ba.

Dɛn ne DNA nhwehwɛmu ahorow atitiriw?

Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow wɔ hɔ. Wo duruyɛfo begyina w’abusua abakɔsɛm ne wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so akyerɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfata wo kɛse. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no.

Dɛn na wɔde awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi di dwuma?

Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ aduruyɛ mu adwinnade a ɛsom bo yiye. Tebea horow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mu no bi ni.

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo ma ɛnanom a wɔrewo

Wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi tumi hu nsakrae biara a ɛba abofra a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no awosu mu nkwaadɔm anaa nkwaadɔm mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔadi kan ahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ abofra no benya awosu mu yare bi.

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu yare no

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a, nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ebia awosu mu tebea bi na ɛde ba anaasɛ ɛnte saa.

Carrier nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ

Awosu mu nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ, na ɛwom mpo sɛ wowɔ saa yare no ho awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔasesa wɔ wo nipadua mu de, nanso worenkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔfrɛ wo "soafo." Sɛ awofoɔ mmienu a wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ sɛ wɔbɛwo ba no yɛ wɔn a wɔkura yareɛ korɔ a, asiane 25% wɔ hɔ sɛ abofra no bɛnya saa yareɛ no. Enti sɔhwɛ yi betumi akyerɛ wo sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔde nneɛma kɔ anaa.

Nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu nhwehwɛmu

Sɛ wɔwo akokoaa no ara pɛ a, wɔsɔ no hwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu tebea horow bi ne aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Eyi ma wotumi fi ayaresa ase ntɛm ara sɛ yare bi wɔ hɔ a.

Nsɔhwɛ a wɔde hyɛ nkɔm ne nea wɔde di dwuma ansa na wɔanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ awosu mu asiane kɛse sɛ wubenya yare pɔtee bi (e.g., kokoram ahorow bi) daakye, sɛ mpo wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mprempren a.

Pharmacogenomic nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ

Eyi yɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea nnuru bi bɛka wo, sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ adwuma ama wo, ne dodow a ahobammɔ wom sen biara, a egyina w’awosu mu nneɛma so. Eyi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wapaw ayaresa a eye ma wo.

Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahu?

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ntumi nhu yare biara. Afei nso, sɛ wohu sɛ nhwehwɛmu bi da adi a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wubenya saa yare no. Nanso, mfaso wɔ so kɛse wɔ nyarewa dodow bi a wohu mu. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Down syndrome a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Cystic fibrosis a ɛma mogya tu
• Sickle cell yare a ɛma obi nya yare
• Huntington yare no
• Kokoram ahorow bi a wonya fi awo mu, te sɛ nufu mu kokoram ne akyi berɛmo mu kokoram

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Wo duruyɛfo no begye wo mogya, wo ti nhwi, wo honam ani, wo ntini, anaa wo awotwaa mu nsu afi ɔbea a onyinsɛn hɔ . Afei wɔde nhwɛsode no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu. Ɛhɔ no, abenfo bɛsɔ w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm, wo chromosomes, anaa DNA mu ahwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi wɔ hɔ anaa, na wɔde nea efi mu ba no asan akɔma wo duruyɛfo.

So asiane bi wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mu?

DNA nhwehwɛmu dodow no ara wɔ nipadua mu asiane a ɛba fam koraa. Wɔyɛ mmerɛw te sɛ mogya kakraa bi a wobɛfa. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a ɛfa nsu a wogye fi awotwaa mu bere a wɔyem no ho no, asiane ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa na watu nyinsɛn no.

Nanso, asiane kɛse no yɛ adwene ne sikasɛm mu .

• Adwene mu nkɛntɛnso: Sɛ wunya biribi a wonhwɛ kwan a, wubetumi anya nkate ahorow te sɛ abufuw, ehu, awerɛhow, ne dadwen.
• Sikasɛm mu nsɛm: Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den, enti ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubehu saa ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nea efi awosu mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba no ntease betumi ayɛ den. Wo duruyɛfo de nea ebefi mu aba no bɛtoto w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ho de akyerɛkyerɛ mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa na efi mu ba.

| Nea efi mu ba | Nkyerɛaseɛ |

| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

| Nneɛma pa | Eyi kyerɛ sɛ aduruyɛdan no ahu awosu mu nsakrae bi a ɛde yare bi ba. Eyi betumi asi so dua sɛ woahu yare no, asi so dua sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔwɔ yare no, anaasɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya yare no. |

| Nsɛm a enye | Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhu awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde yare bi ba no. Eyi betumi ama wɔahu sɛ obi anya yare no, asi so dua sɛ wonyɛ obi a ɔwɔ yare no, anaasɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane a ɛkɔ soro nni wo mu. |

| Ɛnyɛ nea wontumi nsi pi | Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔahu awosu mu nsakrae bi mpo a, nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛbɛma wɔahu sɛ ɛyɛ nsakrae a ɛfata a ɛde yare ba anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsakrae a ɛyɛ daa a asiane biara nni ho. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ yɛn nyinaa wɔ nsakrae nketenkete wɔ yɛn DNA mu a ɛnka yɛn akwahosan. |