So w’ani nso yɛ wo yaw? Momma yensua aniwa mu yare ho ade!

So w’ani ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, ayɛ wo yaw, anaa nsu ayɛ wo pɛn? Susuw sɛnea ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ bere a biribi a ɛte sɛɛ asi no ho hwɛ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebetumi ayɛ biribi a ɛnyɛ den, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ aniwa mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka aniwa mu nyarewa yi ho asɛm, te sɛ nea yɛne yɛn adamfo bi rekasa no.

Dɛn ankasa ne aniwa mu yare?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, aniwa mu yareɛ yɛ yareɛ a ɛba w’ani so a ɛfiri mmoawa ketewa bi – mmoawa, mmoawa anaa ntontom. Ebetumi aka aniwa no fã biara. Ɛtɔ da bi a, aniwa no anim, aniwa no fã fitaa (a wɔfrɛ no conjunctiva), anaa ɔfã a emu da hɔ a ɛwɔ aniwa tuntum no atifi (a wɔfrɛ no cornea) no betumi anya ɔyare no.

Aniwa mu yare a ɛtaa ba yɛn mu ne nea wɔfrɛ no "ani yare" , wɔ aduruyɛ mu no , aniwa mu yare . Eyi fi mmoawa dodow no ara. Nanso mmoawa nso betumi de aba. Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ nnuru a yɛde ma wɔ ɔyare mmoawa mu no nyɛ adwuma. Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma nkutoo.

Aniwa mu nyarewa yi betumi aka aniwa biako pɛ anaa aniwa abien no nyinaa. Nyarewa bi nyɛ aniberesɛm na ebefi hɔ wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso, ebinom betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm araa ma ɛho behia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara , na sɛ wɔansa wɔn yare yiye a, ebetumi mpo ama obi nhu ade yiye . Enti, sɛ ɛba w’ani so a, ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wobɛfa biribi ketewaa bi animtiaa.

Aniwa mu yare abu so dɛn?

Aniwa mu yare abu so kɛse ankasa. Amanneɛbɔ ahorow bi kyerɛ no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem biako a wɔwɔ United States nkutoo kɔ oduruyɛfo anaa ayaresabea afe biara esiane aniwa mu yare nti. Yebetumi ahu tebea yi wɔ yɛn man yi mu kɛse anaa kakraa bi. Saa nyarewa yi abu so titiriw wɔ nnipa a wɔhyɛ `contact lenses` , efisɛ sɛ wɔanhohoro ho yiye anaasɛ wɔamfa anni dwuma yiye a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ mmoawa betumi akɔ aniwa no mu.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu yare ahorow a ɛtaa ba?

Aniwa mu nyarewa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi:

• Blepharitis: Eyi ne bere a w’aniwa anoano, baabi a w’aniwa fi ase no hohoro, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ akisikuru nketenkete. Ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛnyɛ dɛ kakra na woate nka sɛ wɔrebɔ w’ani.
• Cellulitis: Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba honam ani nkwammoaa a atwa aniwa no ho ahyia no mu. Beae a atwa aniwa no ho ahyia no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahonhon, na ayɛ hyew.
• Dacryocystitis: Eyi yɛ din a ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra, ɛnte saa? Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo nusu kotoku mu. Yɛn nusu fi aniwa no mu na afei ɛkɔ hwene mu. Sɛ saa afiri yi siw a, nusu no ntumi nkɔ yiye, na mmoawa betumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ nusu kotoku no mu na wɔanya ɔyare mmoawa.
• Aniwa mu yare (aniwa mu yare): .Yɛaka eyi ho asɛm pɛn. Aniwa yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa. Ebetumi afi mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa akisikuru.
• Endophthalmitis: Eyi yɛ ɔyare a emu yɛ den yiye a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu . Ɛtaa ba bere a wɔayɛ aniwa oprehyɛn akyi (te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn anaasɛ aniwa a wɔde si ananmu) anaasɛ bere a obi apira aniwa kɛse akyi. Eyi yɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ na egye ayaresa ntɛm ara.
• Stye / Hordeolum: Eyi yɛ akisikuru ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ yaw a epue wɔ aniwa no ano. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ akisikuru. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi a ɛwɔ aniwa bi ase.
• Uveitis: Eyi yɛ ɔfe (a ɛho ahonhon) a ɛba uvea, ntini bi a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu. Ebia aniwa no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ayɛ no yaw, ayɛ den sɛ obehu ade wɔ hann a ano yɛ den mu, na aniwa nhu ade yiye.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu yare a, w’ani bɛyɛ soronko na ɛbɛyɛ soronko wɔ sɛnea wotaa yɛ no ho. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no bi ne:

• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ: Eyi taa yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛda adi.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw anaa ɛhyew: Nkate a ɛnyɛ dɛ, te sɛ nea biribi wɔ aniwa no mu.
• Aniwa mu yaw: Ɛtɔ da bi a ebetumi ayɛ yaw kakra, ɛtɔ da bi nso a ebetumi ayɛ ɛyaw a emu yɛ den.
• Nsu bi a ɛte sɛ nsu sen fi aniwa no mu: ɛsono nusu ara kwa.
• Aniwa a ɛho ahonhon: Aniwa no ano anaa baabi a atwa aniwa no ho ahyia no betumi ahonhon.

Bere a nna no kɔ so, anaasɛ sɛ ɔyare no mu yɛ den kɛse a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Nsuo anaa akisikuru a ɛfiri aniwa mu: Nsuo no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ na ayɛ den. Sɛ wosɔre anɔpa a, w’ani nso betumi ayɛ nnam.
• Aniwa nhwi a ɛbata ho: Eyi ba esiane saa akisikuru no nti.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann (Photophobia): Aniwa no ntumi nnyina hann ketewaa bi mpo ano.
• Anisoadehu a wontumi nhu: Wonhu ade yiye.
• Atiridiinini: Wɔ nyarewa bi a emu yɛ den mu no, wubetumi anya atiridiinini nso.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Titiriw sɛ w’ani nhu ade yiye, wote ɛyaw kɛse, anaasɛ wuntumi nhu hann no a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Dɛn nti na yenya aniwa mu yare?

Nea ɛde aniwa mu nyarewa ba titiriw ne sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no , mmoawa, fungi, mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae, ne mmoawa . Saa abɔde nketewa yi tumi kɔ yɛn ani so wɔ akwan pii so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi afi aniwa no a wɔapira . Fa no sɛ, sɛ dua ketewaa bi ka w’ani so bere a woreyɛ adwuma wɔ turo no mu a, mmoawa a ɛwɔ so no betumi akɔ w’ani so.

Asiane titiriw foforo a ɛde aniwa mu nyarewa ba ne sɛ wobɛda a wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade ayɛ wɔ . Saa ara na sɛ wode bedi dwuma a wonhohoro ho yiye nso yɛ asiane kɛse.

Mmoawa bɛn na ɛde aniwa mu nyarewa ba?

Mmoawa ahorow pii betumi ama obi anya aniwa mu yare. Mmoawa ahorow atitiriw no bi ne:

• `Bacillus`
• `Enterobacteriaceae a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu`
• `Haemophilus atiridiinini`
• `Moraxella mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae`
• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (eyi ne mmoawa a wɔde akisikuru ba, ebetumi aka aniwa nso)
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (eyi yɛ asiane titiriw ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ) .
• Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (Eyi yɛ mmoawa a wɔtaa de honam ani yare ba) .
• `Streptococcus pneumoniae` (S. pneumoniae) (Eyi nso de nyarewa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ba)

Nnuruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu te sɛ ``Gram stain test'' ne ``bacterial culture test'' di dwuma de hu saa mmoawa ahorow yi.

Mmoawa bɛn na ɛde aniwa mu nyarewa ba?

Mmoawa nso betumi ama obi anya aniwa mu yare. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Herpes simplex type 1: Eyi ne mmoawa a ɛtaa de atiridiinini ba, nanso ebetumi aka aniwa nso.
• Varicella zoster virus: Eyi ne mmoawa a ɛde akokɔsrade ne herpes zoster (shingles) ba.
• Adenovirus: Saa mmoawa yi na ɛde "aniwa yare" anaa "aniwa mu yare" ba titiriw.

Nwansena bɛn na ɛde aniwa mu nyarewa ba?

Fungal yare mmoawa ntaa mma, nanso ebetumi ayɛ asiane.

• Candida ahorow na ɛde endophthalmitis a ɛba no bɛyɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien ba, titiriw wɔ oprehyɛn a wɔde si ananmu akyi. Fungal yare nso betumi aba bere a wɔayɛ atiridiinini oprehyɛn akyi.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ biribi a ɛwɔ abɔnten (e.g. dua asinasin, afifideɛ bi fã bi) pira aniwa bi a, sɛ ɛwɔ mu sɛ ntontom bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Fusarium'' a, ɔyareɛ bi bɛtumi aba.
• Afei nso, sɛ fungal mogya mu yare bi wɔ hɔ a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ aniwa no mu.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu yare bi?

Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, "Oh, misusuw sɛ mewɔ aniwa mu yare." Nanso ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woahu nea ɛnteɛ ankasa. Oduruyɛfo bi bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, afa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, na afei wayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔbɛfa nsuo a ɛfiri w’aniwa mu no ketewa bi (`swab`) na wɔde akɔma lab sɛ wɔbɛhunu mmoawa a ɛwɔ mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa aniwa mu yare?

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde w’ani so yare no ba so.

• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Wɔma nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma eyi. Wobetumi de eyinom ama sɛ aniwa mu aduru, srade, anaa nnuru. Mpɛn pii no, nnuru yi fi ase yɛ adwuma wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 kosi 48 ntam.
• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Mpɛn pii no, wonni ayaresa pɔtee biara a wɔde sa mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, na mpɛn pii no, wɔn ankasa siesie. Nanso, nnuru pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde ko tia mmoawa bi te sɛ herpes.
• Fungal infections: Wɔde nnuru a ekum fungal na ɛsa eyi. Eyinom betumi aba sɛ nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam, srade, anaa abopon.

Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa anaasɛ w’ani nyɛ wo yaw esiane akisikuru nti no, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ fie na ama woanya ahotɔ kakra:

• Ntama a ɛyɛ nwini a wode bɛpete w’ani: Nea ɛbɛyɛ na w’ani ayɛ yiye no, wubetumi de ntama a ɛho tew a wɔde nsu a ɛyɛ hyew (ɛnyɛ hyew dodo, ɛyɛ hyew kɛkɛ) anaa nsu a ɛyɛ nwini apete w’ani.
• Aniwa mu aduru a wɔde srade gu mu (nusu a wɔde ayɛ) a wɔde bedi dwuma: Wobetumi atɔ eyinom wɔ nnurutɔnbea ahorow. Wɔtew aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so na ɛma ahotɔ.
• Nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw a wɔtɔn (OTC) a wobɛnom: Wubetumi anom aduru bi te sɛ paracetamol de atew ɛyaw so.
• Twe wo ho fi nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew ho: Sɛ nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ rema w’ani ayɛ wo yaw a, twe wo ho fi ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a woanya aniwa mu yare no?

• Aniwa mu yare a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew: Eyinom ntumi nkɔ nnipa mu na ɛnsɛe w’ani so kɛse. Ɛho nhia sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nnipa afoforo ho.
• Nyarewa a mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa fungi de ba: Eyinom betumi afa afoforo. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati sɛ wo ne afoforo bedi nkitaho kɛse kosi sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo. Mfa mpopaho, pillowcases, anaa nneɛma afoforo nkyɛ afoforo.
• Nyarewa bi yɛ asiane ma w’aniwa: titiriw nyarewa a efi aniwa mu opira mu ba, te sɛ yare a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu, a sɛ wɔansa no yiye a ebetumi ama woahu ade yiye. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu haw biara a. Obetumi ahu nea ɔhaw no yɛ ne ayaresa a ehia ankasa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi aniwa mu nyarewa ho?

Bere a yentumi nsiw aniwa mu yare biara ano no, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de atew asiane no so:

• Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ a: Di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wode bedi dwuma, sɛnea wobɛhohoro, ne bere tenten a wubetumi ahyɛ no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Mfa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no nhyɛ pii nsen nea oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo da, na wo ne no nna da.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban bere a woreyɛ adwuma anaa woredi agumadi: Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban a, ɛbɔ wo ho ban kɛse bere a woreyɛ adwuma anaa agumadi a asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ nneɛma a ɛretu betumi apira wo no.
• Twe wo ho fi nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew ho: Afei nso, sɛ wo duruyɛfo kyerɛw wo a, fa nnuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a.
• Twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho sɛnea wubetumi: Aniwa mu yare bi (titiriw nea efi ɔyare mmoawa mu) no yɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya.
• Hohoro wo nsa daa (Nsa ho ahotew): Mmoawa pii a aniwa nhu wɔ yɛn nsa so. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhohoro wo nsa ansa na wode wo nsa aka w’ani.
• Mfa mpopaho, aniwa aduru, ne nea ɛkeka ho nkyɛ nnipa afoforo.
• Sɛ wunya aniwa mu yare a, yi nnuru biara a wode siesie wo ho, titiriw aniwa aduru. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, wubetumi anya ɔyare mmoawa no bio.

So ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn fa aniwa mu yare bi ho asɛm?

Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, ebia wunim aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ wo yaw. Nanso, sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw, wote yaw, wo ho fi wo ho, anaa nsakrae bi ba w’ani so a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Hwɛ yiye titiriw wɔ nneɛma yi ho:

* Sɛ w’ani apira a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

* Sɛ wohu ade mpofirim, wote ɛyaw a emu yɛ den, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann, anaasɛ nsu fi w’ani so dodo a, ebetumi ayɛ nea egye ntɛmpɛ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wɔansa saa nyarewa yi ntɛm a, anisoadehu betumi ayera koraa. Aniwa ho nnuruyɛfo taa wɔ hɔ dapɛn awiei anaa anadwo ma tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ (`on call`).

Yɛn aniwa yɛ akwaa a ɛsom bo paa na ɛyɛ nkate. Ɛwom sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a efi awosu mu a wɔde abɔ wɔn ho ban de, nanso wɔda so ara tumi nya nyarewa. Aniwa mu opira, ne nyarewa a ɛwɔ nipadua no afã afoforo (`systemic diseases`), ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya aniwa mu nyarewa no yɛ kɛse. Enti, sɛ w’aniwa yɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa ɛyɛ wo yaw mpo a, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwɛ nea ɛde ba ankasa ansa na woanya ayaresa. Titiriw wɔn a wɔhyɛ `contact lenses` no ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw eyi ho mprenu.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnkae wo nneɛma kakraa bi a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ a yɛsusu sɛ ɛho hia wo:

• Nkwammoaa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi na ɛde aniwa mu yare ba.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛyaw, ɛyaw, nsu a ɛtɔ, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Sɛ wohyɛ contact lenses a, ma ɛho tew na fa di dwuma yiye. Mfa nhyɛ nkyɛ nsen sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ, anaasɛ wo ne wɔn nna mu esiane biribiara nti.
• Aniwa mu nyarewa binom tumi de yare mmoawa ba, enti tew wo ho na mma wo ne nnipa afoforo nkyɛ nneɛma te sɛ mpopaho.
• Sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu haw biara, titiriw ɛyaw anaa aniwa a ɛyera a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Mma nnyɛ wo ho aduru.
• Siw ano ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara. Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii na kwati sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka w’ani a ɛho nhia.

Ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani so. Mma w’ani ngu ade ketewaa bi mpo so, na mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu. Afei wubetumi akɔ so akura w’ani a ɛyɛ papa na emu da hɔ mu!

` Aniwa mu Nyarewa, Aniwa mu Yare, Aniwa mu yare, Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, Aniwa a ɛho ahonhon