So wusuro FISH sɔhwɛ no? Momma yensua saa awosu mu nhwehwɛmu yi (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization - FISH Test) ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

So wo duruyɛfo aka akyerɛ wo anaa obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu sɛ wɔnyɛ ‘FISH nhwehwɛmu’? So wotee ehu anaa ehu kakra nka bere a wotee saa din no? So wususuwii sɛ, "Sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa bɛn na eyi yɛ?"? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata koraa sɛ wobɛte nka saa. Nanso biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho. Ɛnyɛ den sɛnea wususuw no, na ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka deɛ FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, deɛ ɛhwehwɛ, ne sɛdeɛ wɔyɛ no, tiawa paa, wɔ yɛn kasa mu.

Nea edi kan koraa no, dɛn ne FISH sɔhwɛ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, FISH yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a ɛhwehwɛ nsakrae anaa mfomso ahorow a ɛba awosu mu nkwaadɔm ne nkwaadɔm a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa mu no mu. Ɛte sɛ nea yɛrehwehwɛ yɛn nipadua no awosu mu asase mfonini mu.

Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase yiye kakra a, momma yɛmfa yɛn nipadua nyɛ nhomakorabea kɛse.

• Chromosomes: Chromosomes te sɛ nhomakorabea a ɛwɔ saa nhomakorabea no. Onipa nkwammoaa biara wɔ nhomakorabea ahorow yi abien abien 23.
• Awosu mu nkwaadɔm: Saa nhoma ahorow a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔde gu nneɛma so no yɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm. Akwankyerɛ a yɛn nipadua hia na ama atumi ayɛ adwuma no nyinaa wɔ nhoma ahorow yi mu. Ɛnyɛ yɛn ti nhwi kɔla, aniwa kɔla, yɛn tenten nko, na mmom yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi biara yɛ nea nsɛm a ɛwɔ nhoma ahorow a wɔfrɛ no awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi mu no so.
• DNA: Nkyerɛwde ne nsɛmfua a wɔakyerɛw wɔ nhoma ahorow yi mu no yɛ DNA. Ɛne sɛ, akwankyerɛ ahorow a edi mũ a yɛn nipadua hia no wɔ DNA mu.

Afei fa no sɛ nhoma (genes) a ɛwɔ nhomakorabea yi mu no bi wɔ nkratafa a ɛyera (deletion), wɔde bi aka ho (amplification), anaasɛ wɔde nhoma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛwɔ shelf biako so akɔ shelf foforo so (translocation). Sɛ ɛba saa a, dɛn na ɛbɛba? Akwankyerɛ a nipadua no nya no bɛyɛ nea ɛnteɛ. Ɛyɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛnteɛ a ɛte saa nti na nyarewa te sɛ kokoram ne awosu mu nyarewa afoforo sɔre.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma?

Ɛwom sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no yɛ nyansahu mu de kakra de, nanso mede nhwɛso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.

Fa no sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ kasamu pɔtee bi wɔ nhoma kɛse bi mu. Deɛn na woyɛ? Wohu saa kasamu no na wode kɔla a wɔde si so dua hyɛ agyirae. Afei ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubehu bio.

Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ FISH sɔhwɛ mu. Wɔ aduruyɛdan mu no, nyansahufo yɛ DNA asinasin a ɛne awosu mu nkwaadɔm no fã pɔtee a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ wɔ wo nkwammoaa nhwɛsode no mu no hyia. Wɔfrɛ eyinom ‘nhwehwɛmu ahorow.’ Afei, wɔde fluorescent nkyerɛwde bata DNA asinasin a wɔayɛ yi ho. Eyinom te sɛ kyerɛwdua a wɔde si nneɛma so dua.

Afei, wɔfa wo nkwammoaa (te sɛ mogya anaa ntini) bi na wɔde saa ‘nhwehwɛmu’ a wɔakyerɛw so kɔla ahorow yi ka ho. Afei biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa si. ‘Nhwehwɛmu’ no hu beae pɔtee a awosu mu abɔde a ɛne no hyia no wɔ na ɛne no di afra.

Afei, sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete (fluorescent microscope) titiriw hwɛ no a, ‘nhwehwɛmu’ a ɛbata saa awosu mu abɔde no fã no ho no hyerɛn te sɛ akanea a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow, te sɛ nsoromma a ɛhyerɛn wɔ sum mu.

• Wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ mu: Kɔla hann dodow a wɔhwɛ kwan no da adi wɔ mmeae a ɛfata.
• Wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ mu: Ebia wubehu kɔla pii sen sɛnea wohwɛ kwan (amplification), anaasɛ ebia worenhu kɔla bi a wopɛ sɛ wuhu (deletion), anaasɛ ebia wubehu kɔla abien a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛka bom nanso ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam kwan ware (translocation).

Ɛyɛ saa hann a ɛhyerɛn no a wobɛhwɛ so na nnuruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo nsakrae pɔtee a ɛba w’awosu mu.

Nneɛma titiriw bɛn na FISH sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ?

Nneɛma pii nti na wɔyɛ FISH sɔhwɛ no titiriw. Momma yɛnhwɛ awosu mu nsakrae a ebetumi ahu ne nyarewa a ɛbata ho no.

Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi afa nsakrae yi so ahu?

FISH sɔhwɛ no ho hia yiye na wɔde ahu nyarewa ahorow, titiriw kokoram, ne ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe.

• Kokoram ahorow:
• Nufu mu Kokoram: Ne titiriw no, hwehwɛ awosu mu abɔde (HER2) no a wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse. Sɛ amplification a ɛte saa wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi de ayaresa pɔtee bi a wɔde asi saa awosu mu abɔde no so pɔtee ama.
• Leukemia: Kyerɛ mogya mu kokoram ahorow a emu yɛ den ne nea enni sabea.
• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Nnompe mu kokoram (Multiple Myeloma) .
• Ahurututu, yafunu, ne akisikuru mu kokoram
• Awosu mu tebea horow a ɛba ansa na wɔawo ne awo akyi: Sɔ akokoaa hwɛ ansa na wɔawo no anaasɛ wɔawo no akyi hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔwɔ nkwaadɔm mu nneɛma a ɛnteɛ te sɛ Down syndrome anaa.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF): Wɔde saa kwan yi nso sɔ nkwaboaa hwɛ sɛ ebia nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ hɔ ansa na wɔde akɔfa in vitro fertilization (IVF) so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma FISH sɔhwɛ no?

Sɛnea wusiesie wo ho ma sɔhwɛ yi gyina nhwɛsode a worefa so. Nhwɛso ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa de ayɛ eyi.

• Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wo anaa wo ba no wɔ awosu mu yare bi a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi denam mogya kakraa bi a wobɛfa sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no so. Eyi nhia ahosiesie titiriw biara.
• Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ Ansa na Wɔawo: Sɛ wɔresɔ akokoaa no awosu mu nkwaadɔm ahwɛ wɔ nyinsɛn mu a, oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no ``amniocentesis,'' a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ obegye amniotic nsu kakraa bi afi ɛna no awotwaa mu.
• Biopsy: Sɛ wosusuw sɛ kokoram a, woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi akisikuru anaa nnompe mu ntini mu de yɛ nhwehwɛmu (nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu). Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wubesiesie wo ho ama no ho, efisɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ.
• Nsu mu Nhwehwɛmu: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu di dwuma de hu anaa wɔhwɛ akisikuru a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔanya sɔhwɛ ho amanneɛbɔ no akyi?

Mpɛn pii no, ebetumi agye adapɛn biako kosi anan ansa na wɔanya FISH sɔhwɛ bi mu aba. Wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan abɔ wo amanneɛ wɔ saa bere yi ho.

Nea efi mu ba ne ‘adepa’.Sɛ ɛka a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ awosu anaa nkwaboaa mu nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ wo nkwammoaa nhwɛsode no mu.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wuhu nea efi mu ba a ɛte sɛɛ no. Nanso kae sɛ nea afi mu aba yi yɛ hokwan a wode benya wo tebea no ho ntease a emu da hɔ. Na, wo duruyɛfo no begyina saa nsɛm yi so asi ayaresa a ɛfata sen biara, a wɔde asi n’ani so ama wo ho gyinae.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ sɔhwɛ yi hu awosu mu nsakrae bi wɔ kokoram bi mu a, wobetumi de ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so ama de asi saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no so, na ama nsunsuanso bɔne kakraa bi na efi mu aba no ayɛ yiye.

Enti, sɛ́ anka wobɛhaw wo ho wɔ nea ebefi mu aba no ho na wo nkutoo wobɛhaw wo ho no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa yiye na te nea ɛkyerɛ ne anammɔn a ɛsɛ sɛ wutu akyi no ase pefee.