So mogya retu wo afi wo dwensɔtwaa mu? Momma yɛnka (Gastrointestinal Bleeding) ho asɛm!

So woahu mogya wɔ wo nsu mu anaa wofe pɛn? Ebetumi ayɛ yafunu a ayɛ basaa ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wubu no adewa. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka yafunu mu mogya a ɛba, anaa GI mogya a ɛba no tiawa ho asɛm. Ebetumi ato obiara, enti ɛho hia sɛ wohu.

Dɛn ne mogya a efi dwensɔtwaa mu yi? (Mogya a Ɛtu wɔ Yafunu Mu) .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Gastrointestinal Bleeding)` yɛ mogya a efi yɛn aduan mu baabiara (kyerɛ sɛ, ɔkwan a yɛfa so yam aduan a yedi na yɛnom). Susuw ho hwɛ, nhyehyɛe yi fi ase fi yɛn anom, afei ɛfa menewa, ɛwo, yafunu, dwensɔtwaa ketewa, dwensɔtwaa kɛse, na awiei koraa no ɛba awiei wɔ akyi berɛmo no mu. Enti, baabiara wɔ ɔkwan tenten yi so no, mogya betumi atu esiane opira, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa ɔhaw foforo bi nti.

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ mogya a ɛretu yi mu atitiriw abiɛsa, a egyina baabi a ɛkɔ so:

Mmeae a Ebetumi aba sɛ Upper GI Bleed

Eyi si wɔ aduan a wɔyam no fã a ɛwɔ soro no mu. Ɛyɛ:

• Esophagus (afiri a ɛkɔ yafunu mu bere a yɛmene aduan) .
• Yafunu (adidi kotoku a ɛwɔ yafunu mu) .
• Duodenum (dwensɔtwaa ketewa no fã a edi kan) .

Mmeae a ebetumi aba sɛ mogya tu wɔ dwensɔtwaa ketewaa mu

Eyi si wɔ dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mfinimfini. Ɛyɛ:

• Jejunum (`Jejunum` - dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mfinimfini fã) .
• Ileum (dwensɔtwaa ketewa no fã a etwa to) .

Lower GI Bleed Mmeae a Ɛbɛtumi Ayɛ

Eyi si wɔ aduan a wɔyam no fã a ɛwɔ fam no mu. Ɛyɛ:

• Colon (dwensɔtwaa kɛse) .
• Akyi berɛmo no fã a ɛwɔ fam (`Rectum`) .
• Anus (`Anus`) .

So mogyatɔw ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a egyina sɛnea mogya yi sen so.

• Mogya a Ɛyɛ Den: Eyi ne bere a mogya tu mpofirim a emu yɛ duru yiye . Eyi yɛ tebea a ehia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Ɛnyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛtwentwɛn so kakra mpo.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ bere tenten: Wɔ eyi mu no, mogya no tu nkakrankakra, nanso ebetumi aba bere tenten , na ebetumi agyae na afei asan aba.
• Mogya a ɛba asumansɛm mu: Eyi yɛ anifere kakra. Efisɛ yentumi nhu mogya a ɛretu no. Efisɛ ɛyɛ kakraa bi pɛ . Nanso, ɛyɛ bere a yɛyɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo na yehu sɛ mogya so atew.
• Mogya a ɛba pefee: Eyi ne bere a wotumi hu mogya a ɛretu no pefee. Wobetumi ahu no wɔ nsu a ɛwɔ nsu mu (a ebetumi ayɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ), anaasɛ wɔde ɔfe no .
• Mogya a ɛtɔ a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi:Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ ``Endoscopy,'' mpo a, wontumi nhu baabi pɔtee a mogya no fi. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no eyi.

Dɛn nti na mogya retu afi ɔfã a ɛwɔ soro yi mu? (Upper GI Mogya Ba) .

Nneɛma pii betumi ama mogya atɔ afi aduan a ɛwɔ soro no mu. Wɔn titiriw ne:

• Peptic ulcers: Eyi ne nea ɛtaa de ba. Saa akuru yi betumi aba esiane nneɛma te sɛ yafunu mu akuru a wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma, nnuru bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw a wɔkɔ so de di dwuma, ne ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Helicobacter pylori a obi nya nti.
• Esophageal varices: Saa tebea yi betumi aba nnipa a wɔwɔ mmerɛbo mu yare so. Mogya ntini a ɛwɔ aduan mu no hohoro, ɛpaapae, na mogya fi ase tu.
• Gastritis: Yafunu no mu ntini a ɛyɛ hyew. Eyi betumi de nneɛma pii aba.
• Esophagitis: Ɛho hyehye wɔ aduan no mu.
• GERD (Chronic Acid Reflux): Yafunu mu acid a ɛreba (te sɛ bere a yafunu mu yare no mu yɛ den). Eyi nso betumi asɛe aduan a wɔde di dwuma no.
• Kokoram: Kokoram a ɛwɔ aduan mu ne yafunu mu nso betumi ama mogya atu. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnyɛ mogya a ɛtɔ nyinaa fi kokoram.
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): Eyi yɛ akisikuru pɔtee bi a ɛba wɔ aduan mu.
• Nyarewa a ɛwɔ akwaa afoforo te sɛ mmerɛbo mu kokoram ne dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram nso betumi anya nkɛntɛnso a ɛnteɛ.

Dɛn ne nea ɛde mogya a ɛba GI a ɛba fam ba? (Lower GI Mogya Ba) .

Nneɛma pii nti na mogya tu fi aduan mu ntini a ɛwɔ fam no mu.

• Hemorrhoids: Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa dodow no ara nim. Mogya ntini a atwa akyi berɛmo no ho ahyia no hohoro na ebetumi atu mogya bere a ɔretu dwensɔtwaa no.
• Anal fissures: Mpaapae nketenkete betumi aba wɔ akyi berɛmo no honam ani esiane nneɛma te sɛ akisikuru ne mogya a ɛtɔ nti.
• Colon polyps: Eyinom yɛ nnua nketenkete a enyin a ɛba dwensɔtwaa kɛse no mu. Wɔn mu bi betumi adan kokoram.
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu: Eyi nso yɛ ade a emu yɛ den a ɛde ba.
• Diverticulitis ne diverticulosis: Nkotoku nketenkete a ɛba dwensɔtwaa kɛse no fasu mu, a sɛ wɔanya ɔyare no a, ebetumi atu mogya.
• Crohn yare ne ulcerative colitis: Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a ɛyɛ hyew a enni sabea wɔ aduan mu (Inflammatory Bowel Disease - IBD).
• Akuru a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu.
• Yafunu mu akisikuru (GIST).
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne, oduruyɛfo?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina baabi a mogya no tu ne mogya dodow a ɛba so. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba no bi ne:

• Yafunu mu yaw anaa ɛyaw.
• Mogya a ɛwɔ nsuo mu: Ɛtɔ da bi a, nsuo no betumi ayɛ tuntum anaa tarry (eyi ba bere a mogya no fi dwensɔtwaa a ɛwɔ soro no mu, esiane mogya a wɔreyam nti). Anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ (eyi taa ba bere a mogya no fi dwensɔtwaa a ɛwɔ fam no mu no).
• Hwɛ a ɛyɛ fitaa: Sɛ nipadua no hwere mogya a, honam ani yɛ fitaa.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (dyspnea): Sɛ woreforo antweri anaasɛ wobrɛ kakra a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ den.
• Ɔbrɛ ne mmerɛwyɛ a ɛtra so: Ɔbrɛ a ɔbrɛ dodo sɛ ɔbɛyɛ biribiara, ɔte nka sɛ nkwa nnim.
• Mogya a wobɛfe: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wubetumi afe mogya foforo . Anaasɛ ebia wobɛfe tuntum , ɔfe a ɛte sɛ kɔfe a wɔayam (eyi ba bere a mogya a ɛwɔ yafunu no mu no fra acid no na ɛdan tuntum no).

So ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no wɔ mogya a ɛtɔ ntɛmntɛm mu?

Yiw, sɛ wo mogya pii prɛko pɛ (`Acute bleed`) a, sɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ kɛse na ɛba ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara :

• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, atenka a ɛma obi twitwiw ne ho, anaasɛ ɔtotɔ piti (syncope).
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtow nsu anaasɛ nsu a ɛba fam.
• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm: Ɔte nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo na wo koko rebɔ.
• Ahodwiriw: Eyi yɛ tebea a asiane wom kɛse. Ɛba bere a nipadua no akwaa nnya mogya a ɛdɔɔso no. Ebia honam ani yɛ nwini, fifiri betumi ayɛ no, ahome betumi ayɛ ntɛmntɛm, na n’adwene atu afra.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Oduruyɛfo bi bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wahwɛ wo. Afei wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii na wɔahu baabi a mogya no fi ne sɛnea ɛyɛ aniberesɛm.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔbɛyɛ?

Nea edi kan no, ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom betumi ahwɛ wo mogya dodow ne sɛ ebia mogya atɔ wo anaa.
• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): Eyi tumi hu sɛ mogya bi wɔ nsu mu a wontumi nhu anaa.
• CT scan: Eyi yɛ X-ray sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a ɛfa dwensɔtwaa no ho mfonini a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa (3D) de hwɛ sɛ mogya retu anaa ɔhaw afoforo anaa.
• X-ray nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ dwensɔtwaa mu (`GI X-rays`): Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔma nsu titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Barium)` ma wɔnom anaasɛ wɔde fa akyi berɛmo no mu, na wɔyɛ `X-ray`. Eyi ma wotumi hu dwensɔtwaa no mu yiye.
• Upper endoscopy: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo de afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a wɔfrɛ no endoscope) fa w’anom de hwehwɛ w’anom, wo yafunu, ne wo dwensɔtwaa mu. Tube no wɔ mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi ne kanea wɔ n’awiei, na ɛma oduruyɛfo no tumi hu emu yiye.
• Balloon enteroscopy: Eyi te sɛ endoscopy, nanso ebetumi ahwehwɛ mmeae a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu wɔ dwensɔtwaa ketewa no mu. Wɔnam balloon ketewaa bi a wɔde mframa gu afiri bi awiei so na ɛyɛ.
• Colonoscopy anaa Sigmoidoscopy: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde endoscope fa akyi berɛmo no mu de hwehwɛ dwensɔtwaa kɛse ne akyi berɛmo no ase.

So ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ pii?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ atifi hɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow no ntumi nkyerɛ baabi pɔtee a mogya no fi, anaasɛ mogya tu mpofirim a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw pii:

• Angiography: Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde aduru soronko bi gu mogya ntini no mu na wɔyɛ X-ray anaa CT scan. Eyi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu faako a mogya no fi efisɛ wotumi hu mogya ntini no pefee.
• Capsule endoscopy: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye. Womene mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ aduru. Mfoninitwa afiri no twa mfonini pii bere a ɛfa wo dwensɔtwaa mu no. Awiei koraa no, wɔde mfoninitwa afiri no ne wo nsukorabea no twa mu.
• Radionuclide scan: Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔma wo biribi a radioactive nneɛma a ahobammɔ wom wom. Saa ade yi bata mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ho, enti scan no kyerɛ baabi a mogya no rekɔ.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Ayaresa no gyina nea ɛde mogya no ba, baabi a mogya no tu, ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no so.

So wobetumi de nnuru asa?

Yiw, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, nnuru betumi asiw mogya a ɛretu no ano na wɔasa nea ɛde ba no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa mogya a yafunu mu akisikuru, akisikuru, anaa GERD de ba. Nnuru yi bi ne:

• Ɛtew yafunu mu acid dodow so.
• Ɛboa ma mogya tu.
• Ɛtew ɔfe a ɛhoa so.

So ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nneɛma te sɛ oprehyɛn?

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo yɛ ayaresa bere koro no ara mu ne endoscopy anaa colonoscopy. Eyinom ne nnwinnade nketewa a ɛwɔ afiri no awiei a wobetumi de adi dwuma de:

• Nyini a ɛnteɛ a woyi fi hɔ, sɛ nhwɛso no, colon polyps.
• Nnuru a wɔde bɛhyɛ nipadua mu na aboa ma mogya atɔ no agyae.
• Adeyɛ a ɛne sɛ wɔde clip anaa ahama ketewaa bi bɛto mogya ntini bi mu (atoto mu).
• Sɛ wɔde laser, mframa a ɛyɛ hyew, anaa mframa a ɛyɛ nwini di dwuma de sɛe ntini a mogya no retu no.

Nea ɛho hia: Wobetumi ayɛ saa ayaresa yi pii bere koro mu ne endoscopy no, a wɔrentwitwa kɛse, enti hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ ne ho bɛtɔ no ntɛmntɛm.

So ɛsono ayaresa a wɔde ma sɛ mogya tu mpofirim a?

Sɛ mogya no mu yɛ den yiye a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ no oprehyɛn ntɛm ara . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no laparoscopy na ɛyɛ oprehyɛn no . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔtwa yafunu no mu nketenkete kakraa bi, na wɔnam so de mfoninitwa afiri ne nnwinnade a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn hyɛ mu de sa baabi a mogya retu no ntɛmntɛm.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw eyi ano? (Ayaresa a wɔde siw ano) .

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de asiw mogya a ɛbɛtɔ yɛn dwensɔtwaa mu yi ano:

• Fa nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw (nnuru a ɛnyɛ steroid a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa - NSAIDs) ne aspirin di dwuma bere a ɛho hia koraa nkutoo. Sɛ wokɔ so nom eyinom a, wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa.
• To nsa a wonom no ano hye. Sɛ wonom nsa pii a, ebetumi asɛe wo yafunu.
• Sɛ wonom sigaret a, gyae. Sigaretnom ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yafunu mu akuru no yɛ kɛse.
• Sɛ wowɔ dwensɔtwaa mu nyarewa te sɛ diverticulitis a, ma wɔnsa no yiye na di wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so.
• Yɛ nhwehwɛmu sɛ ebia ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no Helicobacter pylori a ebetumi ama woanya yafunu mu akuru, titiriw sɛ wowɔ asiane mu a.

So me ho bɛtɔ me afi yare yi mu? Dɛn ne adwene a ɛwɔ hɔ? (Nsusuwii) .

Nnipa dodow no ara ho tɔ wɔn koraa fi mogya a ɛba wɔ GI mu no mu. Nanso, ebetumi adi asram pii ansa na dwensɔtwaa no ayɛ yiye koraa. Saa asetra mu nsakrae yi betumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ GI mogya foforo bɛba daakye no so atew:

• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara no, kwati nnuru a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ wo no bedi dwuma.
• Nya nyarewa te sɛ Helicobacter pylori a ɛde yafunu mu akuru ba no ho ayaresa.
• Tew adwennwen so. Sɔ nneɛma te sɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a wɔde home a emu dɔ hwɛ.
• Kura asetra kwan a ɛyɛ nnam ne aduan a ɛkari pɛ mu. Afei wubetumi akura mu duru a ɛfata mu.

So akwankyerɛ titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa ɔhwɛ ho a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi so?

Sɛ ayaresa no yɛ yiye mpo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a GI mogya betumi asan aba. Enti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛbɔ w’akwahosan ho ban no, hwɛ nneɛma yi so yiye:

• Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwɛ no. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi ma wo duruyɛfo hu sɛnea w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye na ohu mogya foforo biara a ɛretu.
• Fa aduru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, bere tenten a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no. Sɛ worehyia ɔhaw wɔ aduru no mu nsunsuanso bɔne ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Ebia obetumi atew dodow a wɔde ma no so anaasɛ ɔbɛma wo aduru foforo.
• Kɔ so yɛ asetra mu nsakrae pa a woayɛ no. Sɛ mprempren wunnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, asetra pa a wobɛkɔ so akura mu no bɛboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Mogya a ɛtɔ fi yafunu mu yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi afi aduruyɛ mu tebea horow mu aba. Ebetumi aba wɔ baabiara wɔ aduan a wɔyam no mu.

Mmu w’ani ngu mogya a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu anaa mogya a ɛrefe so da. Ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere a woahu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biara ara pɛ. Nnuruyɛfo betumi de nhwehwɛmu te sɛ ``Endoscopy`` anaa ``Colonoscopy`` adi dwuma de ahu faako a mogya no fi na wɔasa. Wɔ ayaresa akyi mpo no, tebea yi betumi asan aba bio, enti ɛho hia yiye sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Digestive system, dwensɔtwaa mu mogya, GI Mogya, sɛnkyerɛnne, ayaresa, nea ɛde ba, endoscopy