So wowɔ saa nkuku tuntum yi wɔ wo fie? (Black Mold) Momma yɛnhwehwɛ eyi ho asɛm pɛpɛɛpɛ!

So woahyɛ biribi a ɛyɛ tuntum, ebia ahabammono tuntum, a ɛyɛ nwini a enyin wɔ wo fie baabi a ɛyɛ nwini, ebia ɔfasu bi so, aguaree bi ntwea so, anaa mfɛnsere bi ho pɛn? Mpɛn pii no yɛmfa yɛn adwene nsi so kɛse, nanso nnipa binom suro kakra bere a wohu saa "nkuku tuntum" yi. So asiane wom ankasa? Ɛka yɛn akwahosan dɛn? Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan tiawa bi so a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ne saa nkuku tuntum yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nkuku tuntum yɛ nwansena bi . Ɛte sɛ nkuku a ɛba bere a abodoo ayɛ dedaw no, nanso eyi yɛ ahabammono tuntum anaa tuntum. Ɛwom sɛ nkuku tuntum ahorow pii wɔ hɔ de, nanso nnipa dodow no ara reka ɔkwan pɔtee bi a wɔfrɛ no _Stachybotrys chartarum_ (S. chartarum) ho asɛm. Saa nsunsu yi nyin yiye wɔ mmeae a ade bi a wɔfrɛ no cellulose wɔ . Afei ebia woresusuw nea cellulose yɛ ho. Ɛno ne nea ɛwɔ nneɛma te sɛ krataa, nnua, ne drywall mu. Ɛte sɛ nhama a ɛwɔ nnuaba ne nhabannuru mu no. Nkuku tuntum hia ɔhyew ne nsu na ama anyin. Ɛno nti na wɔtaa hu wɔ afie a nsuo pue, aguaree, dan ase, ne mfɛnsere a atwa ho ahyia mu no.

Nanso kae eyi: Nnipa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden dodow no ara nnya yare a emu yɛ den anaa owu mfi saa nsunsu tuntum yi mu , enti mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu a ɛho nhia.

So nsunsu tuntum betumi ama yɛayare? Epira dɛn?

Yiw, nnipa binom betumi ayare esiane nsunsu tuntum nti. Titiriw sɛ wowɔ allergy to mold , akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ nsunsu tuntum betumi aka wo. Saa nkuku tuntum yi ma nneɛma nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no spores kɔ mframa mu. Afei nso, nsunsu ma nnuru a wɔfrɛ no microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) . Saa hua a ɛyɛ nwunu no fi mVOC ahorow. Sɛ wowɔ allergy a, saa spores anaa mVOCs yi betumi ama woanya allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nea ɛba ne sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ n’ade wɔ eyi ho na ɛma ɔfe ba mmeae te sɛ wo hwene, w’ani, ne w’ahurututu. Wɔ nnipa a wonni akisikuru mpo fam no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa mVOC ahorow yi betumi ama wɔn ho ayɛ wɔn yaw bi. Ade foforo nso ne sɛ, sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw (sɛ nhwɛso no, esiane nyarewa ahorow bi nti anaasɛ wonom nnuru a esiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ano nti), sɛ wunya saa nsunsu tuntum yi a, ebetumi ama woanya fungal yare, a wɔfrɛ no mycosis , wɔ wo home kwan mu anaa baabi foforo. Nanso, nsunsu tuntum nyɛ asiane sɛnea nnipa pii susuw no. Nkuku biara betumi ama nnipa a wɔn ho yɛ wɔn hyew no ayɛ basaa.

Nsu tuntum ka yɛn ntɛmntɛm dɛn? Henanom na ɛka wɔn kɛse?

Sɛnea nsunsu tuntum ka wo ntɛmntɛm no gyina sɛ ebia wowɔ akisikuru anaasɛ wo ho te nka wɔ ho so. Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔyɛ pɛ , enti sɛnea wote nka no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ sɛnea obi foforo te nka ho.

• Sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ nsunsu tuntum ho a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ada adi bere a mmoawa no hyɛn nipadua no mu ara pɛ.
• Sɛ akisikuru biara nni hɔ a, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ koraa, anaasɛ ebegye bere tenten ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ada adi.

Ɛwom sɛ nsunsu tuntum betumi ama obiara ayɛ basaa kakra de, nanso sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi ayɛ kɛse ama nnipa a wodi so yi :

• Sɛ w'ankasa anaa obi a ɔwɔ w'abusua mu wɔ allergy a .
• Sɛ wowɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa te sɛ ayamtu anaa COPD ( Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ) a .
• Sɛ wotaa nya nsunsu tuntum esiane nsu a ɛyɛ nwini kɛse ne mframa a ɛnyɛ papa wɔ adwumam anaa fie nti a.
• Nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw .

Sɛ wohome nsunsu tuntum a, dɛn na ɛba? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ nsunsu tuntum ho a, wobɛnya akisikuru bere a wohome nsunsu tuntum mmoawa no. Eyi ne bere a wo nipadua no hu sɛ nsunsu mu mmoawa no yɛ “ntuafo” na efi ase ko tia. Sɛ black mold spores di kan hyɛn wo nipadua mu a, wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ antibody soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no Immunoglobulin E (IgE) . Saa IgE antibodies yi bata mast cells a histamine wom ho . Nkwammoaa yi wɔ yɛn hwene, yɛn honam ani, yɛn yafunu mu, ne yɛn home kwan mu. Afei, sɛ wosan nya nsunsu tuntum mmoawa a, saa nkwammoaa a wɔasiesie no yi histamine ne nnuru afoforo fi adi. Ɛyɛ saa histamine yi na ɛma obi nya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm ara. Wɔtaa fi ase wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu. Nnuru afoforo nso betumi ama ɔfe akɔ so ayɛ. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya nsunsu tuntum ne:

• Fefe a wɔfe
• Ɔfefe
• Anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Postnosal nsuo a ɛtɔ
• Aniwa kɔkɔɔ

Sɛ obi nya nsunsu tuntum nso a ebetumi ama ayamtu ho sɛnkyerɛnne no asɛe kɛse . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ:

• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (dyspnea) .
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ dry ne koko a ɛyɛ den

So nkokoaa betumi anya AIPH afi nsunsu tuntum mu?

Dabi, adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ obi nya nsunsu tuntum a, ɛde tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage (AIPH) ba nkokoaa mu. AIPH yɛ tebea a mogya tu wɔ nkokoaa ahurututu mu. Afei nso, adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsunsu tuntum ma obi nkae ade, ɔtaa tu mogya fi ne hwene mu, ne nipadua mu yɛ no yaw, anaa onya adwenemhaw. Enti mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa nkuku tuntum yi ba? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛtrɛw?

Nkuku tuntum yɛ abɔde mu nyin. Wubetumi ahu wɔ mmeae pii wɔ abɔde mu. Ebetumi nso anyin wɔ wo fie sɛ tebea no fata ma enyin a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ aguaree, dan ase, dan a wɔhoro nneɛma, anaa nsu biara a ɛretu mu. Ehia nneɛma a edidi so yi na ama anyin:

• Nsuo
• Oxygen a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma
• Ɛhɔ hyew yɛ digrii Fahrenheit 40 kosi 100 (digrii Celsius 4.4 kosi 38) .
• Aduan fibea a cellulose wom (sɛ nhwɛso no, drywall, krataa, nnua) .

Saa nwansena tuntum nketenkete yi wɔ baabiara wɔ yɛn nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu. Wotumi fa mfɛnsere, apon, ne mfiri a mframa fa mu kɔ yɛn afie mu. Wobetumi nso de yɛn ntade ahyɛ yɛn afie mu bere a yɛrepue, anaa yɛn afieboa afunu so. Sɛ saa mmoawa yi nya baabi a ɛfata a wobenyin a, enyin wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro so na enyin araa ma wɔde aniwa hu.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ black mold allergy? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ black mold allergy a, wubetumi akɔ allergist nkyɛn akɔsi so dua. Ebia obegyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ?

• Skin prick test: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode nnuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw wɔ nsunsu tuntum mu kakraa bi pɛ bɛhyɛ wo honam ani. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi denam wo moma so anaa w’akyi were a wobɛtwetwe ketewaa bi so. Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, beae no bɛdan kɔkɔɔ na wheal ketewaa bi bɛda adi wɔ bɛyɛ simma 15 mu. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi wɔ nea ennu dɔnhwerew biako mu.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (IgE mogya mu nhwehwɛmu): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛfa wo mogya no mu kakraa bi na woasusuw IgE nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛko tia nsunsu tuntum dodow. Nea efi mu ba no betumi agye dapɛn biako ansa na asan aba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi ama wɔanya nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ nokware. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ allergy ɛmfa ho sɛ wunni bi ankasa de.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wosa black mold allergy?

Wontumi nsa black mold allergy no koraa. Nanso, wobetumi adi sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so . Ade a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ:Kwati sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ nsunsu tuntum mu. Sɛ nsu bi retu wo fie a, siesie ntɛm ara. Sɛ nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ayɛ nwini a, yi fi hɔ. Afei, wubetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi na ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so atew:

• Nsu a wɔde gu hwene mu: Fa nkyene nsuo hohoro hwene no mu.
• Nnuru a wɔde ko tia akisikuru: Nnuru anaa srade a ɛtew akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne so.
• Nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu: Nnuru a wɔde petepete hwene mu a ɛtew ɔfe so.
• Nnuru a ɛma hwene mu yɛ den: Nnuru a ɛtew hwene mu yaw so (ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wode eyinom bedi dwuma bere nyinaa).
• Montelukast tablets: Aduru a wɔde sa tebea horow bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew ne ayamtu.
• Nnuru a wɔde home ayamtu: Wɔde ma wɔn a wɔwɔ ayamtu.

Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne kɔ so wɔ nnuru yi akyi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nnuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew (immunotherapy) .

So mfiri a wɔde tew mframa ho boa wɔ nsunsu tuntum ho?

Yiw ne dabi. Mframa a wɔde tew nneɛma ho betumi aboa ma wɔayi nsunsu mu nkwaadɔm afi mframa mu . Nanso, wontumi nyi nsunsu a ayɛ wɔ nneɛma te sɛ afasu so no mfi hɔ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn akum nsunsu tuntum amonom hɔ ara?

Sɛ wowɔ nsunsu wɔ wo fie a, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubeyi afi hɔ. Sɛ w’ankasa wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubeyi afi hɔ a, mmoawa no betumi ayɛ mframa (aerosolized) na atrɛw akɔ ofie no mmeae afoforo. Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wubedi kan asiesie nsu biara a ɛbɛtɔ. Afei, fa afiri bi a HEPA filter (High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter) wom di dwuma na ama mmoawa a ɛwɔ mframa mu no so atew, fa nkuku no kata dan no mu, na fa obi a onim adwuma yiye ma onyi nkuku no mfi hɔ.

So ɛsɛ sɛ miyi awuduru fi nipadua mu bere a manya nsunsu tuntum awie no?

Nnipa pii susuw sɛ saa nsunsu yi rema awuduru aboaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu na ɛsɛ sɛ ‘woyi awuduru fi mu’. Nanso, wonnya nkyerɛe wɔ aduruyɛ mu sɛ awuduru a ɛwɔ nsunsu mu de nyarewa ba nnipa so ankasa. Enti, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ ‘detox’ titiriw bi. Ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi mmeae a nsunsu wɔ hɔ na sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya akisikuru a ɛyɛ tuntum no so? (Ayaresa a wɔde siw ano) .

Ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobesiw black mold allergy ano. Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ na amma nsunsu tuntum annyin wɔ wo fie :

• Tew nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛwɔ wo fie no so. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma nsuo no ayɛ 30% ne 50% ntam.
• Sɛ nsuo retu wɔ wo fie te sɛ nsuo afiri, afasuo, anaa ɔdan atifi a, siesie ntɛm ara .
• Yi kapet a ɛyɛ nsu, ntama, ntama, drywall, ne ɔdan atifi nnua sɛ wɔanyow yiye a.
• Fa mframa a wɔde yi mframa fi mu di dwuma wɔ aguaree ne adididan mu.
• Mframa a wɔde yiyi mu a ɛyɛ papa ma wo fie HVAC nhyehyɛe noFa gu mu Hwɛ sɛ nsuo biara nni saa nhyehyɛe no mu, na bere nyinaa ma obi a onim adwuma yiye nsiesie.

Sɛ wowɔ black mold allergy a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?

Nwansena a wɔfrɛ no mold spores wɔ baabiara wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu, enti ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wobɛkwati koraa. Sɛ wote mmeae a nsunsu wɔ hɔ a, ebia wubenya yare a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew. Nanso, sɛ wotew mmeae dodow a nsunsu betumi afifi wɔ wo fie so a, wubetumi atew wo ho so . Afei, wubetumi de nnuru adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, bere a woanya nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no akyi no, wubetumi akɔ tebea a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mu. Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ black mold allergy a, kɔ oduruyɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru so kɔ si so dua.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ho yɛ wo yaw wɔ nsunsu tuntum ho, titiriw sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reka wo da biara da asetra a , kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?

• Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu ankasa sɛ mewɔ black mold allergy?
• Nnuru a wɔde sa akisikuru bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Dɛn ne saa nnuru no mu nsunsuanso bɔne?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ menom saa aduru yi da biara, anaasɛ ɛdɔɔso sɛ mɛnom bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow aba nkutoo?
• Sɛ mewɔ akwahosan tebea foforo a, mɛyɛ dɛn adi ho dwuma aka saa akisikuru yi ho?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Black Mould ne Mildew ntam?

"Mildew" nyɛ asɛmfua pɔtee bi. Nnipa binom de di dwuma de kyerɛ sɛnea nsunsu te wɔ nneɛma so. Afoforo nso de kyerɛ nkuku ahorow bi. Nkuku tuntum yɛ nwansena a enyin wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew na ɛhɔ yɛ nwini. Ne nkwaboaa betumi ama wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ akisikuru. Eyi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe, ahurututu, hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ aba. Nanso, ɛntaa mma nnipa nya yare a emu yɛ den. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ nsunsu tuntum ho a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi asɔ wo ahwɛ de ahu sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew na wakyerɛw wo nnuru a ɛbɛboa ma woasiw sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ano.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnkae wo nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia sen biara a efi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu bio:

• Nkuku tuntum yɛ nwansena a enyin wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini. Ɛnka obiara wɔ ɔkwan koro so.
• Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ nsunsu ho a, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛbɛka wo. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ ɔfe, ɔfe, hwene a ɛyɛ den, ne aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Sɛ wɔde nsunsu tuntum toto nsunsu ahorow afoforo ho a, asiane biara nni ho titiriw. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu.
• Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubedi nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛwɔ wo fie no so na woasiw nsunsu nnyin ano. Siesie nsu biara a ɛretu na hwɛ hu sɛ mframa pa bɛkɔ mu.
• Hwɛ yiye bere a woreyi nsunsu afi hɔ no. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, hwehwɛ mmoa a efi animdefo hɔ.
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Ayaresa ahorow a ɛfata wɔ hɔ ma ɛno.
• Akwan titiriw biara a wɔfa so ‘detox’ ho nhia. Ade a ɛho hia ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi baabi a nsunsu wɔ no ho na woasa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw a ɛte saa ara wɔ wo fie a, mma wo ho nnpopo na di anammɔn a ɛfata akyi.

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` Nwansena Tuntum, Nkuku Tuntum, Nsuo Ahorow, Fungi, Allergies, Ɔhome mu Nyarewa, Ofie Nsuo, Stachybotrys chartarum, Nwansena Spores, Nwansena ho Allergy