So wunim Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC), a ɛyɛ thyroid kokoram bi?

Ebia woate thyroid ntini a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ wo kɔn anim no ho asɛm. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wubetumi ate akisikuru ketewaa bi nka wɔ saa ntini yi mu. Anaasɛ ebia oduruyɛfo bi behu bere a woreyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no. Bere a mpɛn pii no, saa akisikuru yi nyɛ nea asiane wom no, wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi mu no, ebetumi ayɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka kokoram soronko bi a ɛba wɔ thyroid ntini mu ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne medullary thyroid kokoram (MTC)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) yɛ kokoram a ɛba wo thyroid ntini mu. Wɔfrɛ saa ntini yi fã a ɛwɔ mu no ‘medulla’ . Nkwammoaa soronko bi wɔ saa medulla yi mu, a wɔfrɛ no ‘parafollicular C cells’ . Saa C nkwammoaa yi yɛ hormone ‘calcitonin’ . Enti, sɛ saa C nkwammoaa yi fi ase nyin a wontumi nni so a, MTC ba. Fa no sɛ afifide a wɔmpɛ wɔ turo mu a ɛtrɛw kɔ baabiara a wontumi nni so.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubenya nsɛmmisa ne ehu pii bere a wote kokoram ho asɛm no, titiriw sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a ɛntaa nsi a. Nanso kae sɛ, w’aduruyɛfo kuw no ka wo ho wɔ akwantu yi mu. Akwan ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so sa MTC.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) abu so dɛn?

Afei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Oo, so eyi yɛ yare a obiara nya?" Nha wo ho. Thyroid kokoram abu so koraa. Nanso, nea yɛreka ho asɛm no , medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) , no ho yɛ na koraa . Wɔ ɔman te sɛ United States mpo mu no, thyroid kokoram a wɔbɔ ho amanneɛ nyinaa mu 4% kosi 10% pɛ na wohu sɛ ɛyɛ MTC. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ 1,000 pɛ na wohu sɛ wɔwɔ MTC wɔ hɔ afe biara. Enti, wɔ Sri Lanka no, ebia dodow yi bɛba fam mpo.

Dɛn ne medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Okay, enti dɛn ne MTC ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow? Ɛnyɛ obiara na onya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne koro. Nanso, ebinom wɔ hɔ a ɛtaa ba:

• Wotumi de wo nsa ka akuru (nodule) bi a ɛwɔ wo thyroid ntini no atifi . Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a ɛba nnipa 75% kosi 95% mu bere a wɔahu sɛ wɔanya bi no. Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ akuru ketewaa bi, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a sɛ wohwɛ wo kɔn anim a, wubetumi ahu.
• Ntini a ɛho ahonhon wɔ kɔn mu . Wohu eyi nso wɔ nnipa bɛyɛ 70% mu bere a wɔahu yare no. Wobetumi ate eyinom nka sɛ akuru nketenkete wɔ kɔn no afã abien no nyinaa.

Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ sɛ thyroid nodule no yɛ kɛse a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi betumi aba:

• Ɛnne sesa, ɛyɛ dede.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene aduan.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ebia nnipa binom benya MTC nanso wɔrenkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara bere tenten. Eyi te saa efisɛ akisikuru no yɛ kokoram.Ɛyɛ ketewaa bi paa. Enti, sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo kɔn ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ so yiye.

Dɛn nti na kokoram a ɛwɔ medullary thyroid (MTC) no nya?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea enti a saa MTC yi ba. Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa. Titiriw no, akwan abien na MTC fa so ba.

MTC a ɛba bere ne bere mu

MTC ayarefo bɛyɛ 75% (bɛyɛ baanan biara mu baasa) nya tebea no wɔ mmeae bi . Wei kyerɛ sɛ obiara nni wɔn abusua mu a wanya MTC pɛn. Ɛba a abusua abakɔsɛm biara nni mu. Nyansahufo nnya nhuu nea ɛde MTC a ɛba bere ne bere mu yi ba ankasa. Nanso, nnipa a wonya MTC wɔ saa kwan yi so no mu 40% kosi 50% wɔ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wɔ awosu mu abɔde bi a wɔfrɛ no ``(RET)`` mu . Eyi nyɛ biribi a wɔde woo wɔn, na mmom ɛyɛ awosu mu ade a ɛnteɛ a ɛba akyiri yi wɔ wɔn asetra mu.

MTC fi awo ntoatoaso so kɔ awo ntoatoaso so

Ɔkwan foforo so no, ebia MTC ayarefo bɛyɛ 25% (bɛyɛ baanan biara mu biako) benya tebea bi a wonya fi awo mu a wɔfrɛ no ‘Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2’ (MEN2) . 'MEN2' no mu ahorow nketewa pii wɔ hɔ:

• `(MEN2A)`: Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi wɔ asiane kɛse paa sɛ wobenya MTC (bɛyɛ 90%) .
• `(MEN2B)`: Nsɛm bi a ɛfa `(MEN2B)` ho yɛ agyapadeɛ. Nanso, mpɛn pii no eyi nte saa. Nnipa a wɔwɔ `(MEN2B)` wɔ hokwan 100% sɛ wobenya MTC wɔ wɔn mmofraase pɛɛ .

Saa `(MEN2B)` yi fã ketewaa foforo bi wɔ hɔ, a wɔfrɛ no `Abusua mu Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) . Nnipa a wɔwɔ `(FMTC)` wɔ `(RET)` gene mutation, nanso wonya MTC nkutoo (na ɛnyɛ kokoram ahorow afoforo).

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wohu sɛ obi wɔ w'abusua mu sɛ ɔwɔ saa ``(RET)`` awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae yi a, ebia wubetumi akwati asiane kɛse bi denam oprehyɛn a wɔde siw ano a wobɛma ayi thyroid ntini no afi hɔ ansa na kokoram aba no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

MTC taa di kan da adi sɛ akuru wɔ thyroid ntini no mu. Ebia w’ankasa wobɛte nka, anaasɛ wo duruyɛfo betumi ahu bere a wote wo kɔn nka bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wohu akuru no wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ bi a wɔyɛ esiane biribi foforo nti.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ MTC a, ɛda adi sɛ ɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi:

• Mfonini a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom betumi aboa ma wɔahu thyroid nodule no pefee. Sɛ nhwɛso no , thyroid ultrasound , CT scan , ne/anaa MRI.Wubetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ eyi. Te sɛ nea wɔde mfoninitwa afiri twa mfonini no, saa mfiri yi tumi hu nea ɛwɔ nipadua no mu pefee.
• Fine needle aspiration (needle biopsy): Ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa ntini ketewaa bi (biopsy) mfi wo thyroid nodule no mu. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ade a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye bedi dwuma. Ɛte sɛ nea wɔde ade ketewaa bi abɔ no. Afei wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ saa ntini nhwɛsode yi mu hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Ebia eyinom bi ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔde susuw nneɛma dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a wɔfrɛ no calcitonin ne carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . Mpɛn pii no, saa dodow yi kɔ soro wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ MTC mu.

Wo duruyɛfoɔ nso bɛtumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ awosuo mu nhwehwɛmu nhwɛ sɛ wowɔ awosuo mu tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``MEN2'' anaa. Sɛ saa a, ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu mma mogya abusuafo afoforo, efisɛ eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia wɔwɔ asiane mu anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ ayaresa ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ ma MTC.

MTC ayaresa titiriw ne oprehyɛn a wɔbɛyɛ de ayi wo thyroid gland nyinaa (total thyroidectomy) . Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ oprehyɛn kɛse de, nanso ɛno ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wɔfa so sa kokoram yi.

• Ntini a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu a woyi fi hɔ: Sɛ thyroid kokoram atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu no mu a, ɛda adi sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no nso beyi afi hɔ.
• Hormone therapy: Sɛ woyɛ oprehyɛn wie a, ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde si thyroid hormone ananmu wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Esiane sɛ hormone ahorow a thyroid gland no yɛ no ho hia ma nipadua no nti, ehia sɛ wɔde ma wɔ abɔnten sɛ nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru.

Oprehyɛn akyi no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo ayaresa afoforo a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Mframa a wɔde sa yare: Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sɛe kokoram nkwammoaa denam mframa a ahoɔden wom kɛse so.
• Chemotherapy: Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de nnuru di dwuma de kum kokoram nkwammoaa.
• Ayaresa a wɔde wɔn ani asi so: Wɔ MTC nsɛm bi mu no, wɔde nnuru pɔtee bi a wɔde wɔn ani asi nsakrae a ɛba DNA mu nkutoo so na edi dwuma. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne vandetanib ne cabozantinib .

Sɛ wosa MTC yare wie a, wo duruyɛfo bɛtaa ahwɛ wo CEA ne Calcitonin dodow denam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so. Eyi bɛboa wɔn ma wɔahu sɛnea ayaresa no tu mpɔn ne sɛ ebia kokoram no asan aba anaa.

MTC yɛ kokoram a ebetumi ayɛ basabasa kakra asen thyroid kokoram ahorow afoforo a ɛtaa ba. Nanso, sɛ wohu ansa na atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu anaa nipadua no afã afoforo mu a, ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ wɔbɛsa, asa, na wɔadi so.

Dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ ma obi a ɔwɔ medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Nkɔmhyɛ, anaa nsusuwii, ma obi a ɔwɔ MTC no gyina nneɛma pii so.

• Kokoram no fã (kyerɛ sɛ, baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu).
• Sɛ́ ebia kokoram no atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo anaa.
• Sɛnea woyii kokoram a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no fã kɛse bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no.
• Wo mfe a woadi ne w’akwahosan nyinaa.

Mpɛn pii no MTC ho nkɔmhyɛ nyɛ papa te sɛ papillary thyroid kokoram ne follicular thyroid kokoram . Nanso, sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nya MTC ntɛm a, wobetumi de oprehyɛn asa no koraa . Sɛ wɔka akyi mpo a, MTC taa trɛw (ɛyɛ kɛse) nkakrankakra .

Ebia hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔn ho bɛtɔ wɔn no bɛba fam kakra ama nnipa te sɛ eyinom:

• Nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 65.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram a emu yɛ den mu.
• Wɔn a wɔantumi annyi wɔn kokoram no mfi hɔ koraa bere a wɔreyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn no.

Nkwa nna bɛn na medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) di?

Sɛ ɛba obi a ɔwɔ MTC nkwa nna so a, mprempren nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ mfe anum nkwa a wɔde tra ase wɔ MTC fã a edi kan, abien, ne abiɛsa mu no bɛyɛ 93%. Nanso, wɔ ɔfa anan mu no, saa dodow yi so tew kɔ 28%.

Nanso, ade a ɛho hia wɔ ha ne sɛ esiane sɛ wɔbɔ MTC ho amanneɛ foforo kakraa bi afe biara nti, ebia saa nkwagye dodow yi rennyɛ nokware koraa. W’aduruyɛfo kuw no bɛma woanya nea wobɛhwɛ kwan no ho adwene pa.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda papillary ne medullary thyroid kokoram ntam?

Seesei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, ‘Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda MTC yi ne saa thyroid kokoram ahorow afoforo no ntam?’

Papillary thyroid cancer ne thyroid kokoram a abu so sen biara . Ɛyɛ 80% wɔ thyroid kokoram a wohu no mu. Nanso, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) ho yɛ na .

Nsonsonoe titiriw no wɔ nkwammoaa a kokoram ahorow abien yi fi mu no mu.

• Papillary thyroid kokoram fi ase wɔ follicular cells a ɛwɔ wo thyroid gland a ɛma thyroglobulin, protein bi no mu.
• MTC fi C nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ thyroid ntini no mu a ɛma calcitonin, hormone bi mu na ɛba.

Ade foforo ne sɛ mpɛn pii no, papillary thyroid kokoram ne mframa a wɔde ma no wɔ abusuabɔ, nanso abusuabɔ biara nni MTC a ɛda adi pefee saa.

Nea etwa to no, kae eyi.

Sɛ wote sɛ wowɔ kokoram, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛte biara no, yɛ ade a ɛyɛ hu yiye. Yɛn nyinaa nim saa. Nanso sɛ ɛba medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) so a, kae sɛ sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛyɛ n’ade yiye wɔ ayaresa ho .

Ɛwom sɛ wonnim nea ɛde MTC dodow no ara ba ankasa de, nanso abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den wɔ awo mu tebea horow bi ntam. Enti, sɛ wo anaa abusua muni bi a ɔbɛn wo (busuani a odi kan - awofo, anuanom, mmofra) anya MTC a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu. Eyi betumi aboa wo ne w’abusua paa.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya MTC ho a, nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wɔwɔ hɔ bere nyinaa sɛ wɔbɛboa wo na wɔabua wo nsɛmmisa. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ so abɔ amanneɛ, wobɛkɔ so ahu, na woatu anammɔn a ɛho hia.

` Medullary thyroid kokoram, MTC, thyroid gland, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, MEN2, thyroid oprehyɛn